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Topic: Aggregation

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	Aggregation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Aggregation represents the is part of or is subpart of relationship set, which is quite common.
		The aggregation relationship set is represented in an ORM by a solid triangle with a line between one of its vertices and the aggregate class, and a line between the opposite base and each of the subpart classes.
		Not all subparts of a aggregate class must be represented using the same fl triangle.
	osm7.cs.byu.edu /OSA/aggregation.html (235 words)

	AGGREGATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Aggregation gives rise to macro theories of micro processes and yields measures and insights not demonstrable by means of the units aggregated thereby.
		The correlation coefficient is also a measure that aggregates numerous observations neither is capable of demonstrating that relation by itself.
		Aggregation is justifiable whenever units are sufficiently independent and similar, e.g., in expressing political opinions through voting or market preferences through individual purchases.
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /ASC/AGGREGATION.html (190 words)

	Aggregation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aggregation of individual demand to total, or market, demand, in economics, combining entities into a single entity which represent them.
		Particle aggregation, in materials science, a physical phenomenon.
		Aggregation, in veterinary epidemiology, is an important factor in the population dynamics of host-macroparasite, is relevant in stabilizing the dynamics toward an equilibrium coexistence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aggregation (220 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Prediction of "hot spots" of aggregation in disease-linked polypeptides
		In the last decade, protein aggregation has moved beyond being a mostly ignored area of protein chemistry to become a key topic in medical sciences [1], mainly because the presence of insoluble deposits in human tissues correlates with the development of many debilitating human disorders including the amyloidoses and several neurodegenerative diseases [2].
		Globular proteins rarely aggregate from their native states and destabilization, resulting in an increased population of unfolded molecules, is well established as a trigging factor in disorders associated with the deposition of proteins that are globular in their normal functional states [4], as in the cases of β2-microglobulin, lysozyme, transthyretin and the prion protein.
		First, not all the polypeptide sequence is relevant for the aggregation of a given protein, but rather there exist specific regions that drive the process [5,6] and second, similar simple rules appear to underlie the aggregation propensities of unrelated proteins from unfolded states [12].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6807/5/18 (7626 words)

	PHP: Object Aggregation/Composition Functions - Manual
		The aggregation of instances (object aggregation) involves the dynamic creation of subobjects inside an object, in the process, expanding the properties and methods of that object.
		Object aggregation is a natural way of representing a whole-part relationship, (for example, molecules are aggregates of atoms), or can be used to obtain an effect equivalent to multiple inheritance, without having to permanently bind a subclass to two or more parent classes and their interfaces.
		In fact object aggregation can be more flexible, in which we can select what methods or properties to "inherit" in the aggregated object.
	www.php.net /objaggregation (965 words)

	More on Aggregation
		The aggregation process results in each switch seeing a suitably coarsened (and hopefully adequate) view of the entire network topology: A switch sees the true topology only for its own peer group, but has progressively more aggregated views of farther regions of the network.
		Since this aggregated topology information will be used to select the routes for connection requests, we must make sure that our aggregation scheme does not have too detrimental effect on route optimality.
		We recommend that the PNNI aggregation model be augmented to permit the assignment of topology state parameters to the nucleus.
	www.cmf.nrl.navy.mil /ccs/project/public/proust/node49.html (2025 words)

	Aggregation of Conditionally Exempt Generator Waste (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		CEG waste received from off-site at a CEG aggregation facility is not diluted, disposed of as a solid waste (unless determined to be non-hazardous) or disposed of at the aggregation facility.
		CEG waste received from off-site is kept at the aggregation facility for less than one year from the date the waste was received at the aggregation facility.
		Aggregation facilities not operating in accordance with the best management practices in this policy, and which are receiving hazardous waste from CEGs, may be cited by the Department for operating as a hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facility subject to a hazardous waste permit, and for any other relevant violations.
	www.deq.state.or.us /wmc/hw/policy/1999-PO-002.html (1055 words)

	Energy Government Aggregation: Local Community Buying Power
		Aggregation is when a group of customers join together to form a single, larger customer that buys energy for its members.
		Communities that aggregate to buy natural gas are required to be certified by the PUCO unless they aggregate under an Ohio Constitution provision which allows "home rule" or the right for communities to take action under their own charters.
		For electric aggregation, all customers (other than PIPP customers) are eligible and their names will appear on customer lists provided to the governmental aggregator or its chosen supplier.
	www.puco.ohio.gov /PUCO/Consumer/information.cfm?doc_id=102 (860 words)

	Chris Bailey-Kellogg : Research : Spatial Aggregation
		It is important to identify and track coherent structures in spatio-temporal fields for such systems; the study may shed light on how nature constructs and evolves structures that exhibit a high degree of regularity.
		A SAL approach adaptively samples a spatial field using a particle system, aggregates the sampling particles into a neighborhood graph, classifies the structure into coherent regions, and tracks the regions over time to produce a qualitative description of the temporal evolution of the field.
		Because the adaptive sampling grid varies smoothly with the temporal evolution of the underlying field, the algorithm is able to efficiently track the corresponding objects over successive time frames by minimally updating the grid.
	www.cs.dartmouth.edu /~cbk/sal.html (834 words)

	Platelet Aggregation
		Various platelet aggregating agents (agonists) are added to aliquots of the platelet-rich plasma, and the resulting platelet aggregation is measured in an aggregometer.
		With aspirin and related compounds, arachidonate aggregation is markedly decreased or absent, and other aggregation tracings may be variably impaired.
		Therefore, in Glanzmann thrombasthenia, aggregation is decreased with all agonists (ADP, collagen, epinephrine, arachidonate) except ristocetin.
	www.massgeneral.org /pathology/coagbook/CO003900.htm (1006 words)

	Platelet aggregation test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The platelet aggregation test aids in the evaluation of bleeding disorders by measuring the rate and degree to which platelets form a clump (aggregate) after the addition of a chemical that stimulates clumping (aggregation).
		Because the platelet aggregation test is ordered when some type of bleeding problem is suspected, the patient should be cautioned to watch the puncture site for signs of additional bleeding.
		The normal time for platelet aggregation varies somewhat depending on the laboratory, the temperature, the shape of the vial in which the test is performed, and the patient's response to different agonists.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/platelet_aggregation_test.jsp (850 words)

	Howard M. Erichson, Informal Aggregation: Procedural and Ethical Implications of Coordination Among Counsel in Related ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Especially in the absence of any formal aggregation mechanism, it remains unclear whether and to what extent coordinating lawyers owe each other and each other's clients a responsibility to inform and advise and, if so, whether this responsibility is an ethical duty, enforceable under the rules of professional conduct.
		Although informal aggregation does amount to treatment of the litigation by the lawyers as a single integrated whole, that should not be a sufficient basis for permitting nonparty preclusion.
		In informally aggregated litigation, settlement negotiations may occur with little control by the individual client, and trial preparation often is handled "by a committee of plaintiffs' lawyers" who lack regular contact with most of the plaintiffs who rely on those lawyers' work.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/dlj/articles/dlj50p381.htm (16759 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Platelet aggregation test
		The platelet aggregation test measures the rate and degree to which dispersed platelets in a sample of plasma (the liquid portion of blood) form clumps after the addition of a material that normally stimulates aggregation.
		Platelet aggregation tests help to diagnose diseases of platelet dysfunction and distinguish between inherited bleeding problems (such as hemophilia or von Willebrand disease) and acquired bleeding problems (those that occur because of another disorder or as a side-effect of medication).
		Von Willebrand's disease (inherited lack of von Willebrand factor or ristocetin cofactor) -- aggregation with ristocetin is usually abnormal in type I disease and increased in type II.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003669.htm (948 words)

	Object Oriented Aggregation \| atomicobject.com
		For the record, UML aggregation is “weak containment”, usually implemented with pointers, and the symbol is an open diamond.
		Aggregation by value cannot be cyclic: one object is the whole, one the part.
		Aggregation by reference allows for the part to be aware of its whole.
	atomicobject.com /pages/Aggregation (485 words)

	RFC 2519 (rfc2519) - A Framework for Inter-Domain Route Aggregation
		Route Aggregation Framework The framework of inter-domain route aggregation we are proposing can be summarized as follows: - Aggregation from the originating AS That is, in its outbound route announcements, each AS aggregates the BGP routes originated by itself, by dedicated AS and by private-ASs [10].
		Since proxy aggregation involves coordination among multiple organizations, the complexity of doing proxy aggregation increases with the number of parties involved in the coordination.
		Aggregation from the Originating AS It has been well recognized that address allocation and address renumbering are keys to containing the growth of the Internet routing table [1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 12].
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2519.html (2417 words)

	OO/UML: Aggregation versus Composition
		Composition - A form of aggregation which requires that a part instance be included in at most one composite at a time, and that the composite object is responsible for the creation and destruction of the parts.
		A composition relationship, also known as a composite aggregation, is a “stronger” form of aggregation where the part is created and destroyed with the whole.
		Notice that with both types of aggregation, the diamond is located on the side of the line pointing to the aggregate class which represents the "whole" in an aggregation (whole-part) relationship.
	www.prestwood.com /aspsuite/kb/document_view.asp?qid=100035 (397 words)

	Object composition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aggregation differs from ordinary composition in that it does not imply ownership.
		Sometimes aggregation is referred to as composition when the distinction between ordinary composition and aggregation is unimportant.
		Aggregation is depicted as an open diamond and a solid line.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aggregation_(object-oriented_programming) (832 words)

	Dynamics of Aggregation and Emergence of Cooperation -- Deneubourg et al. 202 (3): 262 -- The Biological Bulletin
		Dynamics of Aggregation and Emergence of Cooperation -- Deneubourg et al.
		Aggregation is one of the most basic social phenomena, and many
		Aggregation density and longevity correlate with humidity in first-instar nymphs of the cockroach (Blattella germanica L. Dictyoptera).
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/202/3/262 (3084 words)

	B-Amyloid Aggregation and Inhibition Studies using Dual Polarisation Inferometry (DPI) — Supplier Da
		We were interested in using DPI to gain a real time understanding of the molecular basis for the action of a known inhibitor of early stage β-amyloid aggregation, the cyclodextran dimer CD4 (Figure 1), by studying the aggregation process in the presence and absence of CD4.
		If β-amyloid aggregation is most toxic during its early stages, then it is crucial that any drug candidate reduces the number of sites at which aggregation occurs rather than slowing down the rate at which it proceeds.
		Simple fibrillar aggregates of β-amyloid can be formed on a sensor chip surface, and details of the mechanistic and structural events through which both growth and inhibition occur can be obtained in real time using simple experimental protocols.
	www.azonano.com /Details.asp?ArticleID=1444 (1184 words)

	NetFlow Aggregation
		This document describes the Cisco IOS NetFlow Aggregation feature, which allows Cisco NetFlow users to summarize NetFlow export data on an IOS router before the data is exported to a NetFlow data collection system, such as the Cisco NetFlow FlowCollector.
		To configure an aggregation cache, you must enter aggregation cache configuration mode, and you must decide which type of aggregation scheme you would like to configure: autonomous system, Destination Prefix, Prefix, Protocol Prefix, or Source Prefix aggregation cache.
		The following example shows how to configure a Prefix aggregation cache with a cache size of 2046, an inactive timeout of 200 seconds, a cache active timeout of 45 minutes, an export destination IP address of 10.42.42.1, and a destination port of 9992.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios120/120newft/120t/120t3/netflow.htm (2207 words)

	SSRN-Aggregation in Criminal Law by Brandon Garrett (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Procedural aggregation, such as joinder or consolidation, occurs only in limited circumstances during criminal trials due to fundamental constitutional rights to an individual day in court.
		Courts now aggregate criminal cases, and they do so without violating constitutional rights, by joining cases only before trial and during appeals.
		I present five case studies examining novel aggregative procedures that courts employed to remedy systemic criminal procedure violations such as the lack of proportionality in death sentencing, wrongful convictions, forensic fraud and inadequate indigent representation.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=893552 (311 words)

	(ootips) Association, Aggregation and Composition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This is exactly the same as an association with the exception that instances cannot have cyclic aggregation relationships (i.e.
		The fact that this is aggregation means that the instances of Node cannot form a cycle.
		That is, the 'whole' may take direct responsibility for creating or destroying the 'part', or it may accept an already created part, and later pass it on to some other whole that assumes responsibility for it.
	ootips.org /uml-hasa.html (192 words)

	Aggregation and virtualization: Beyond RAID
		RAID uses a collection of disks of the same type to provide data protection, spreading data across the disks in such a way as to maximize the recoverability of the data if there is a single disk failure.
		In effect, the RAID controller aggregates the disks and presents a single disk image to host operating systems so that applications never have to know where or how the data are being placed on the storage media.
		The first examples of aggregation certainly came out of RAID, and aggregation continues to be key to scalability advancements for RAID - but don't limit your use of aggregation within your network storage infrastructure only to RAID.
	www.networkworld.com /newsletters/stor/2001/00322120.html (916 words)

	The Community Engine Blog: aggregation Archives
		In particular, the reltag format (for tagging blog posts) requires that tags (labels you apply to posts so that people will know how you categorize them) point at a URL that acts as a repository or definition page for the tag.
		As I mentioned last week, technorati seems to be one of the first organizations to actively build a business model around this phenomenon.
		There is evidence that this has started to occur in topics related to social software during the six short months since technorati began to aggregate weblog posts by tag.
	thecommunityengine.com /home/archives/tags/aggregation (3438 words)

	Aggregation
		Used in corporate financial planning, aggregation is a process whereby a number of a firm's smaller projects are combined and treated as an individual project.
		Used in futures markets, aggregation is a principal involving the combination of all future positions owned or controlled by a single trader or group of traders.
		2.The main purpose of aggregation is to ensure accurate reporting and compliance with regulations regarding the permitted levels of speculative limits for a single commodity.
	www.investopedia.com /terms/a/aggregation.asp (248 words)

	DEV Centre WP 50: Aggregation by Industry in General Equilibrium Models with international Trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This paper seeks conditions under which it is possible to aggregate the production and consumption of groups of commodities in "industries": commodity groups sharing some common characteristics and behaviour.
		The most extreme form of aggregation is the simultaneous aggregation of the same commodities using the same aggregator functions on both the production and consumption sides of the model.
		Conditions which are sufficient for aggregation in production or consumption, or for complete aggregation, are derived.
	www.oecd.org /LongAbstract/0,2546,en_2649_34425_1920973_1_1_1_37467,00.html (211 words)

	Account aggregation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Indeed, aggregation is convenient if you want to check up on your finances from the office computer or from the road.
		And when you want to see how much you charged on your cards since you got your statements in the mail, aggregation is nice.
		On the other hand, if you sign up for aggregation service through your bank's Web site, Yodlee says it can't control what the bank does with any information it gleans.
	www.bankrate.com /brm/news/emoney/emoney5.asp (481 words)

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