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Topic: Aggregated diamond nanorods

	Aggregated diamond nanorods - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aggregated diamond nanorods, or ADNRs, are an allotrope of carbon believed to be the least compressible material known to humankind, as measured by its isothermal bulk modulus; aggregated diamond nanorods have a modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), while conventional diamond has a modulus of 442 GPa.
		The resulting substance is a series of interconnected diamond nanorods, with diameters of between 5 and 20 nanometres and lengths of around 1 micrometre each.
		A diamond anvil cell, located at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility at Grenoble, France, was used to measure the compressibility of the material.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aggregated_diamond_nanorods (212 words)

	Diamonds are not forever (August 2005) - News - PhysicsWeb
		Aggregated diamond nanorods have a modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), compared with 442 GPa for conventional diamond.
		Diamond derives its hardness from the fact that each carbon atom is connected to four other atoms by strong covalent bonds.
		Aggregated diamond nanorods, the densest and least compressible form of carbon
	physicsweb.org /articles/news/9/8/16/1?rss=2.0 (372 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Diamond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Diamond is the hardest known naturally occurring material, scoring 10 on the relative Mohs scale of mineral hardness and having an absolute hardness value of between 167 and 231 gigapascals in various tests.
		Diamonds have also rarely been found in deposits left behind by glaciers (notably in Wisconsin and Indiana); however, in contrast to alluvial deposits, glacial deposits are not known to be of significant concentration and are therefore not viable commercial sources of diamond.
		Diamonds which are not cut to the specifications of Tolkowsky's round brilliant shape (or subsequent variations) are known as "fancy cuts." Popular fancy cuts include the baguette (from the French, resembling a loaf of bread), marquise, princess (square outline), heart, briolette (a form of the rose cut), and pear cuts.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Diamond (8392 words)

	Ultrahard fullerite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been shown 1 2 that ultrahard fullerite when testing diamond hardness with a scanning force microscope of specific construction can scratch diamond.
		A Type IIa diamond (111) has a hardness value of 167±6 gigapascals (GPa) when scratched with an ultrahard fullerite tip.
		It is thought that beta carbon nitride will have a hardness value, if harder than diamond, less than that of ultrahard fullerite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ultrahard_fullerite (251 words)

	Diamonds lose 'world's hardest' title \| The Register
		Diamonds have been usurped as the world's hardest material, thanks to researchers in Germany, who have made a new material by compressing carbon-60 molecules.
		Diamond has a modulus of 442 gigapascals, but the new material has a modulus of 491 gigapascals.
		This creates the aggregated diamond nanorods - so called because the material is made of interlocking diamond rods, each around one micron long, and having a diameter of between five and 20nm.
	www.theregister.co.uk /2005/08/30/diamonds_hard_material (276 words)

	Argonne Researchers Create New Diamond-nanotube Composite Material
		Diamond is called the hardest material because of its ability to resist pressure and permanent deformation, and its resistance to being scratched.
		“Diamond is hard because of its dense atomic structure and the strength of the bonds between atoms,” said Argonne's John Carlisle, one of the developers of the new material.
		The diamond and iron “seeds” catalyze the UNCD and carbon nanotube growth, respectively, and the plasma temperature and deposition time are regulated to control the speed at which the composite material grows, since carbon nanotubes normally grow much faster than ultrananocrystalline diamond.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/08/050831075517.htm (870 words)

	Nano News Press Releases
		Subsequent experiments, carried out by loading a diamond anvil cell with both single crystal diamond and ADNR material, in order to directly compare their behaviour under static load, identifies that ADNR is also 11% less compressible than diamond.
		"The fact that diamond nanorods are very dense and non-compressible has not only strengthened theoretical predictions, but also given a positive sign that they have very interesting unique properties", explains Leonid Dubrovinsky, one of the authors of the paper.
		The random arrangement of the nanorods most probably gives rise to the increased hardness of ADNR and the reduction in C-C bond length in outer layers of nanorods gives rise to the increased density.
	www.thenanotechnologygroup.org /index.cfm?content=88&PressID=435 (558 words)

	kompetenznetze.de - Harder than diamond
		Physicists at the University of Bayreuth have created a material that is harder than diamond by subjecting carbon-60 molecules to immense pressure.
		The new form of carbon, which is known as 'aggregated diamond nanorods' (ADNR), is expected to have many industrial applications.
		The properties of the samples were measured with a diamond anvil cell - a device capable of generating pressures almost as great as those found at the centre of the Earth - at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility at Grenoble, France.
	www.kompetenznetze.de /navi/en/Innovationsfelder/materialforschung,did=136900.html (562 words)

	Carbon - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Aggregated diamond nanorods, the most recently discovered allotrope and the hardest substance known to man.
		Diamond has the same cubic structure as silicon and germanium and, thanks to the strength of the carbon-carbon bonds, is together with the isoelectronic boron nitride (BN) the hardest substance in terms of resistance to scratching.
		Diamond is the hardest mineral known to man (although aggregated diamond nanorods are now believed to be even harder), but graphite is one of the softest.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Carbon (2265 words)

	Aggregated Diamond Nanorods, the Densest and Least Compressible Form of Carbon - ESRF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The first synthesis of bulk samples of nanocrystalline diamond was reported recently (Figure 1) [1].
		Experiments conducted at the ESRF confirmed that the X-ray density of the ADNR material is higher than that of diamond by 0.2 - 0.4%, thus making it the densest form of carbon.
		Testing the Vickers microhardness (using a diamond indenter) showed directly that the probe tip failed to make an indentation on the surface of the ADNR and ADNR can scratch (111) faces of type-IIa natural diamonds, thus ADNR is harder than natural diamond and consequently more resistant against abrasion.
	www.esrf.fr /NewsAndEvents/Spotlight/spotlight25nanorods (449 words)

	WorldChanging: Another World Is Here: Harder than Diamond
		Long believed to be the hardest material around, researchers at the University of Bayreuth in Germany have just made something even harder: aggregated diamond nanorods.
		Aggregated diamond nanorods (ADNRs) are created by subjecting carbon-60 molecules (aka buckyballs) to immense pressures and heat -- 200 times atmospheric pressure and 2500 Kelvin.
		The material will have commercial applications (generally to do things that diamonds already do, but better), but its biggest impact will be symbolic: the notion that diamonds are the "hardest material on Earth" has long been an eternal verity.
	www.worldchanging.com /archives/003405.html (215 words)

	Postcards from the Bleeding Edge: The Diamond Age II
		Today another lab has built Aggregated diamond nanorods with immense strength under compression.
		Aggregated diamond nanorods look pretty hard to make, though.
		Theoretically, manufacturing could be anywhere - or everywhere - the Diamond age could be the revolution that brings the population of our entire planet into harmony with this century's technology - wealth now held by only a few nations.
	the-edge.blogspot.com /2005/08/diamond-age-ii.html (601 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| LIFE & TIMES > Diamonds are not forever (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dubrovinskaia and two of her co-workers—Leonid Dubrovinky and Falko Langenhorst—have patented the process used to make the new material.
		Each rod is a crystal that has a diameter of between 5 and 20 nanometers and a length of about 1 micron.
		These measurements indicated that ADNRs are about 0.3-percent denser than diamond, and that the new material has the lowest compressibility of any known material.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2005/aug/30/yehey/life/20050830lif7.html (337 words)

	Diamonds Update: August 30, 2005
		The latest improvement at Arkansas's diamond site, the Crater of Diamonds State Park, is a new 3,900-square-foot Diamond Discovery Center, a US$965,069 structure that now serves as the gateway to the park’s 37½-acre diamond search area and an in-depth introduction to the adventure of searching for diamonds.
		The Diamond Discovery Center is a diamond search area-based, interpretive facility that is designed to enhance the visitor experience at the park by helping park visitors understand diamonds and how to search for them at the site.
		The exhibits include the diamond hunters’ hall of fame, and feature information about the many notable diamonds that have been unearthed here since those first diamond discoveries in 1906.
	diamonds.blogs.com /diamonds_update/2005/08/30 (533 words)

	Scientific European
		Nanorods harder than Diamonds made of Buckminster Fullerene C60
		"Aggregated diamond nanorods" are made of Buckminster Fullerenes compressed under high pressure.
		Diamonds are not forever (August 2005) - News - PhysicsWeb: "Natalia Dubrovinskaia and colleagues at the University of Bayreuth made the new material by subjecting carbon-60 molecules to immense pressures.
	scientific-european.blogspot.com (1171 words)

	Nanodot: Nanotechnology News and Discussion » Blog Archive » Harder than diamond: Aggregated diamond ...
		From PhysicsWeb: “Physicists in Germany have created a material that is harder than diamond.
		I can see alot of uses for this such as lasers adn new cutting teeth for tools.
		I wonder what else it can be used for adn cant waitto read what they had in mind for this use of this new diamond.
	www.foresight.org /nanodot?p=2024 (398 words)

	Netpark - Hardest material in the world
		German scientists have managed to synthesize diamond nanorods, a substance believed to be the hardest in the world.
		The team from the University of Bayreuth has just reported the synthesis of these aggregated diamond nanorods (ADNR) and their remarkable properties, after having measured them at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF).
		Tests show that ADNR is the densest form of carbon known, denser than diamond and carbon nanotubes, and 11 per cent less compressible than diamond.
	www.uknetpark.net /main/s234/st81579htm (204 words)

	Teleologic Blog: Harder than Diamond
		A new version of carbon has been created which is harder than diamond.
		The new form of carbon, which is known as aggregated diamond nanorods, is expected to have many industrial applications.
		Its not that much better than normal diamond.
	www.teleologic.com /archives/2005/08/harder_than_dia.html (385 words)

	Champion of strength is forged in mighty anvil: Science News Online, Sept. 17, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A new form of carbon created in an anvil and composed of microscopic needles of diamond has emerged as the strongest known material.
		Better-built diamonds: Fast growth, purity may multiply uses.
		Osmium is forever: Rare metal's strength humbles mighty diamond's.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20050917/note10ref.asp (131 words)

	European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Tests World's Hardest And Least Compressive Material (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A team from the Bayerisches Geoinstitut (Universität Bayreuth) has just reported the synthesis of these aggregated diamond nanorods (ADNR) and their remarkable properties, after having measured them at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
		UIC Engineer Discovers New Diamond Applications (October 20, 1999) -- Since 1956, when scientists discovered how to make artificial diamonds in a laboratory under high pressure, researchers have attempted to find a pressure limit that would cause diamonds to...
		That's the hope of UW-Madison researchers who are trying to solve the problems associated with building extremely small machines and having them withstand the...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/09/050913125433.htm (670 words)

	harder than diamond - nanotech \| science and technology news at abelard.org
		“A material that is harder than diamond has been created in the lab, by packing together tiny "nanorods" of carbon.
		Individual diamond nanoroads are of 5–20 nm in diameter and longer than 1 µm.
		The x-ray and measured density of ADNRs is ~0.2%–0.4% higher than that of usual diamond.
	www.abelard.org /news/science0507.php (1504 words)

	Researchers synthesize diamond nanorods hardest and least compressive material in the world
		The survey takes less than two minutes, there's nothing to identify you personally, and you won't receive any email or other sales pitches by participating.
		Theoretical calculations predicted that diamond nanorods too would have properties superior to that of carbon nanotubes.
		But, so far, nobody had been able to actually synthesize diamond nanorods.
	www.physorg.com /news6436.html (633 words)

	Kangaeru
		Aggregated diamond nanorods are a girl's best friend
		My mother tells me that I will worry and wonder if I've done the right things for the rest of my life.
		Maybe the rest of you actually care about the news and know this already, but as of August, diamonds are no longer the world's hardest material.
	kangaeonoberu.blogspot.com (563 words)

	Why not call it adamantium? \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The LifeGem® is a certified, high-quality diamond created from the carbon of your loved one as a memorial to their unique life.
		The LifeGem diamond provides a way to embrace your loved one’s memory day by day.
		The LifeGem® is the most unique and timeless memorial available for creating a testimony to their unique life.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/44682 (530 words)

	PR-ESRF-05-6
		Synthesized recently by a team from the University of Bayreuth, this material has been identified as the hardest and least compressible material in the world.
		The random orientation of the diamond nanorods and numerous grain boundaries in ADNRs (bottom image) are responsible for its high fracture toughness in comparison with that of a diamond single crystal (top image), which tends to cleave preferentially along a crystal plane.
		The original Press Release can be found here.
	www.lightsources.org /cms?pid=1000823 (558 words)

	LookSmart's Furl - The mhh5 Materials Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Rated 3 in Materials on Aug 30, 2005 at 09:58:44 GMT.
		"Diamond is no longer the hardest substance known to man. Scientists have created a new material, called "aggregated diamond nanorods" by compressing carbon-60 under high heat.
		From the article: 'The hardness of a material is measured by its isothermal bulk modulus.
	www.furl.net /members/mhh5/Materials (787 words)

	Bean Rocket Tag: nano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The newest addition to the iPod line will sport a color screen, store 2 GB of music, and will obviously be much smaller and lighter than...
		A new material known as aggregated carbon nanorods (ACNR) has been created by packing buckyballs under 200 times the normal atmospheric pressure and heating it to 2226°C. ACNR is 0.3% denser than ordinary diamond and more resistant to pressure than any other known material.
		Now scientists are finding ways to use nanotechnology to replicate geckos' super-strong adhesion abilities.
	www.beanrocket.com /showTag.php?tag=nano (2150 words)

	My Quiet Life » super-pressurized aggregated carbon nanorods
		My Quiet Life » super-pressurized aggregated carbon nanorods
		What we honor as prudence in our elders is simply panic in action.
		You know what they say — super-pressurized aggregated carbon nanorods are a girl’s best friend:
	chris.quietlife.net /2005/08/26/super-pressurized-aggregated-carbon-nanorods/trackback (117 words)

	Geek Speak Radio » GSR #33 - Nintendo Controller, OrigenXbox, TeamXbox, Vista + 360, Omega Bundle, PS3 News, $100 ...
		Geek Speak Radio - Podcast from a couple of Geeks about the stuff we like
		GSR #33 - Nintendo Controller, OrigenXbox, TeamXbox, Vista + 360, Omega Bundle, PS3 News, $100 Ps2, XBL Online Storage, Camera Rocket, Diamond Nanorods, Anti-Fog, Flag of Earth, Rollable Display, iPod Nano, Joss Weadon
		Based on the Flex theme designed by Phu Ly.
	geekspeakradio.com /?p=58 (474 words)

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