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Topic: Agha Muhammad Khan

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Agha Mohammad Khan

Zand dynasty

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	Agha Muhammad Khan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Agha Muhammad Khan (1742 - June 17, 1797) was the chief of a Turkic tribe, the Qajars.
		Agha Muhammad spent the next 16 years as a hostage, until he escaped in 1779.
		Agha Muhammad took the opportunity to launch a rebellion which, in 1794, succeeded in capturing Lotf Ali Khan, the last Zand ruler.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agha_Muhammad_Khan (336 words)

	Lotf Ali Khan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He faced the resurgent Agha Muhammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty from 1792.
		When the city fell to Agha Mohammad Khan, angered by the popular support that Lotf Ali Khan had received, all the male inhabitants were killed or blinded, and a pile was made out of 20,000 detached eyeballs and poured in front of the victorious Agha Muhammad Khan.
		He was blinded personally by the hands of Agha Mohammad Khan, imprisoned in jail in Tehran and tortured to death.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lotf_Ali (303 words)

	AllRefer.com - Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (South Asian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan[A´gA mOOhAm´mAd yA´yA khAn] Pronunciation Key, 1917–80, Pakistani general and president (1969–71).
		Yahya Khan performed well during the 1965 war with India, and in 1966 became commander in chief of the army.
		Economic problems and disputes between East and West Pakistan led to Ayub Khan's resignation and his replacement as president by Yahya Khan in 1969.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Y/YahyaKha.html (263 words)

	Ottoman and Persian Empires 1730-1875 by Sanderson Beck
		Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was born at 'Uyayna in 1703, the son of a judge (qadi).
		Muhammad ibn Saud died and was succeeded by Abd al-Aziz.
		Agha Muhammad blinded and tortured to death Lutf 'Ali.
	www.san.beck.org /1-11-Ottoman1730-1875.html (14230 words)

	InfoHub Forums - History of Iran - Kajar Dynasty
		Agha Muhammad Khan and his brother Hussein Gholi Khan were Kajar men who had been held as hostages by the Zands.
		Agha Muhammad Khan and his brother escaped and made their way north to where their tribe lived.
		In 1796 Agha Muhammed Khan occupied all of Khorasan.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showthread.php?t=2812 (3290 words)

	Karabakh.org \| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Not being able to capture Shusha, Agha Muhammad khan ceased besieger and advanced to Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi), which despite desperate resistance was occupied and exposed to unprecedented destruction.
		In 1797 Agha Muhammad shah Qajar, who by that time has already managed to declare himself shah (albeit he couldn't according to the tradition, conquer the Caucasus) decided to carry out a second attack to Karabakh and to take revanche.
		And after Agha Muhammad shah swore on Koran, that nobody would be punished in Shusha, the defenders of the fortress-town decided to open the gates.
	www.karabakh.org /?id=3042&item=4 (594 words)

	Yahya Khan, Agha Muhammad
		His mishandling of the Bangladesh separatist issue led to civil war and he was forced to resign.
		Yahya Khan fought with the British army in the Middle East during World War II, escaping German capture in Italy.
		Later, as Pakistan's chief of army general staff, he supported General Ayub Khan's 1958 coup and in 1969 became military ruler.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0025689.html (159 words)

	Lotf 'Ali Khan Zand -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		With the death of Lotf 'Ali Khan's grandfather, Karim Khan Zand, a 15-year civil war ensued between his descendants and Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar.
		Agha Muhammad Khan relentlessly hunted him down until he overcame and killed him at the southeastern city of Kerman in 1794.
		In 1796 Agha Muhammad Khan assumed the imperial diadem, and later in the same year he took Mashhad.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9049016 (753 words)

	Excerpt: Modern Iran
		Muhammad Shah died in the late summer of 1848, Once again the British and Russian representatives, at this time Colonel Farrant and Prince Dolgorouky respectively, were on the alert to prevent any major outbreak.
		Mirza Taqi Khan, who on his master's arrival in Tehran received the title of Amir-i-Nizam, Commander-in-Chief, a title he preferred to that of Sadr-i-'Azam, was the son of a cook who had later become steward to the Qa'im Maqam.
		Mirza Taqi Khan was not, however, a cleric; but in becoming the chief officer of the state from the kitchen he was not without exalted precedents in Persian dynastic and political history.
	bahai-library.com /excerpts/avery.html (8567 words)

	Modern Iran
		By the time Mirza Taqi Khan relinquished office, there were three potentially active political and social classes in Iran: an aristocracy of ignorant but tenacious nobles; the merchants with international contacts and increased wealth due to revived foreign trade; and the clergy.
		Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar was destined to be the last medieval type of Persian ruler.
		Mirza Muhammad Kirmani, with his recent association with Sayyid Jamalu'd-Din Afghani, was not representative of them; and they had found in 1892 over the Tobacco Concession that the Shah could be brought to heel in other ways—by a decree from a great mujtahid for example.
	bahai-library.com /?file=avery_modern_iran.html (8982 words)

	Encyclopedia: Agha Muhammad Khan
		FACTOID # 175: The number of tourists in San Marino is almost 19 times the resident population.
		Lotf Ali Khan (1769 - 1794) was the last shah of Persia (resigned 1789-94) of the Zand dynasty.
		Tomb of Nadir Shah, a popular tourist attraction in Mashhad Nadir Shah (Nadir Qoli Beg, also Tahmasp-Qoli Khan) (October 22, 1688 - June, 1747) ruled as shah of Iran (1736â€“47) and was the founder of the short-lived Afsharid dynasty.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Agha-Muhammad-Khan (1168 words)

	AGHA (in MARION) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Agha Mahmad Khan, Shah of Iran, 1742 or 3-1797.
		Agha Mohammad Khan, Shah of Iran, 1742 or 3-1797.
		Agha Muhammad Khan, Shah of Iran, 1742 or 3-1797.
	www-catalog.cpl.org /MARION?A=AGHA (62 words)

	Marathas and the English Company 1707-1818 by Sanderson Beck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Muhammad Shah called on Nizam-ul Mulk, whose army of 35,000 was doubled when he was joined by Sa'adat Khan's troops and Rajput and Bundela forces.
		Shah Nawaz Khan was appointed governor of Multan and challenged Muin-ul-mulk with an army of 15,000.
		Zabita Khan was defeated by the Marathas as Mahadji Sindia and Visaji Krishna occupied Delhi.
	www.san.beck.org /2-10-Marathas1707-1818.html (23789 words)

	History of Iran: The Sick Men of Persia: The Importance of Illness as a Factor in the Interpretation of Modern Iranian ...
		The castration and recurrent Grand Mal seizures of the founder of the Qajar dynasty, Agha Muhammad Khan, are often anecdotally associated with his boundless cruelty.
		However, a systematic examination of Agha Muhammad Khan's medical profile is still wanting and would be a fascinating account of the role of an acute neuropsychological pathology in shaping the destiny of Iran's modern history.
		However, Muhammad Musaddiq's condition appears consistent with an anxiety disorder, particularly his habit of refusing to travel without a nurse and his perpetual concern with his health (and constant fear of political persecution- a fear that eventually came true).
	www.iranchamber.com /history/articles/sick_men_of_persia1.php (2837 words)

	Tehran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Karim Khan Zand (1750-79), on the other hand, was looking for a city in which to build bazaars, hammams, and palaces.
		Reza Shah's son, Muhammad Reza (1941-80), was an advocate of the "Great Civilization." He built a network of highways, a number of palaces, several massive dams, and a few model cities.
		The visible reminder of his rule, however, is the Shahyad, the construction on which began in 1971, the same year that the celebration for the 2,500th anniversary of the foundation of the Persian Empire by Cyrus III the Great was held.
	www.iles.umn.edu /faculty/bashiri/Courses/Tehran.html (1061 words)

	Yahya Khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan was born at Chakwal in February 1917.
		It goes to the credit of Yahya Khan that the first general elections in the history of Pakistan were held during his regime in December 1970.
		Yahya Khan died on August 10, 1980, in Rawalpindi.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /person.asp?perid=P018 (582 words)

	Histroy of Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This ended with the coronation of Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar in 1796, which ushered in a period of political stability that was characterised by a revival of cultural and artistic life.
		Karim Khan, who preferred the title Regent (Vakil) to that of Shah, did not demand that his painters prettify his appearance; he was happy to be shown at an informal and unpretentious gathering in a modest architectural setting.
		It is known that the founder of the Qajar dynasty, Agha Muhammad Khan, decorated his Tehran audience hall with paintings looted from the Zand palace and Mirza Baba (one of Karim Khan's court artists) went on to become Fath 'Ali Shah's first painter-laureate.
	www.farhangsara.com /history_qajar&zand_arts.htm (1262 words)

	primacy
		The initial political centralization that Agha Muhammad Khan and the Qajars brought to Tehran with the beginning of their dynasty at the end of the eighteenth century only continued and augmented under Qajar successors and the Pahlavi dynasty.
		Starting with Agha Muhammad Khan’s mandatory migration of 12,000 families to Tehran in the early 1800s, the government has made a conscious effort to increase the size and the power of the city.
		For much of the nineteenth century, Tehran had suffered economically, due especially to the closing of the silk route in the early 1800s, and with this economic hardship came a lack of power, especially in relation to other cities around the world, which were proving to be impossible to avoid.
	www.macalester.edu /geography/courses/geog261/dkravetz/primacy.html (694 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Aga Muhammad Khan @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		AGA MUHAMMAD KHAN [Aga Muhammad Khan] or Agha Muhammad Khan, 1742-97, shah of Persia, founder of the Qajar dynasty.
		In 1794, he captured and killed the last ruler of the Zand dynasty (see Iran) and ended his campaign with a wholesale massacre in Kerman.
		Aga Muhammad resisted a Russian invasion and himself invaded (1795) Georgia.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:AgaMuham&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (132 words)

	Qajar Dynasty -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Muhammad Karim Khan Zand entered into an alliance with the Bakhtyari chief 'Ali Mardan Khan in an effort to seize Esfahan—then the political centre of Iran—from Shah Rokh's vassal, Abu al-Fath Bakhtyari.
		Agha Mohammad Khan (ruled 1779–97) of the Qajar dynasty...
		By 1794, Khan had eliminated all of his rivals for the throne and had reestablished Iranian authority over portions of neighboring Georgia and the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9062092 (817 words)

	Legislators form SHEIKHUPURA (PP-134 to PP-144)
		PP-137 (Sheikhupura): PML(N) Haji Muhammad Nawaz, son of Haji Muhammad Sharif, was born in 1953 at Sheikhupura; and, is an Intermediate.
		PP-141 (Sheikhupura): PML(N) Mr Zia Ahmed, son of Mr Muhammad Raza Khan, was born on January 1, 1951 in District Sheikhupura; and, is a graduate.
		PP-144 (Sheikhupura): PML(N) Agha Ghulam Haider, son of Agha Muhammad Sharif Khan, was born on August 10, 1928 in Sheikhupura; and, is a graduate.
	www.pap.gov.pk /legislators/last/dist19.htm (718 words)

	History of the Shrine at Kadhmayn
		The Two Imams were buried immediately to the west of this latter cemetery, but by the time Yakubi wrote, the whole northern district was designated in a general way as the cemetery of the Kuraish.
		There are numerous accounts of how Khulagu Khan was disgusted when he saw that in his avarice the Caliph had gathered gold which he had been unwilling to spend either in defence of the city or to effect favourable terms of capitulation.
		This was in accordance with the `yasa' of Jingis Khan, which forbade the shedding of the blood of royal persons.
	www.al-islam.org /shrines/kadhmayn.htm (2769 words)

	qajar3
		Held as an 'open captive' of Karim Khan Zand until his death in 1779.
		Agha Begum, lived all her life in the Shah's harem, but not pleasing him, died there still a virgin.
		(2) Agha Begum, daughter of H.H. Said Murad Khan-e Zand, Governor of Isfahan and Regent of Persia in 1789.
	www.4dw.net /royalark/Persia/qajar3.htm (1997 words)

	Qajar Dynasty -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		By 1794 he had eliminated all his rivals, including Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last of the Zand dynasty, and had reasserted Iranian sovereignty over the former Iranian territories in Georgia and the Caucasus.
		Agha Mohammad was assassinated in 1797 and was succeeded by his nephew, Fath 'Ali Shah (reigned 1797–1834).
		With a coup d'état in February 1921, Reza Khan (ruled as Reza Shah Pahlavi, 1925–41) became the preeminent political personality in Iran; Ahmad Shah was formally deposed by the majlis (national consultative assembly) in October 1925 while he was absent in Europe, and that assembly declared the rule of the Qajar dynasty to be terminated.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9062092 (1196 words)

	BBC News \| South Asia \| Pakistan's army and its history of politics
		Its conflict with India over Kashmir remained unresolved, relations with Afghanistan were poor, and the country suffered continuing economic difficulties, frequent cabinet crises, and widespread political corruption.
		Ayub Khan's autocratic rule lasted until 1969, when he was forced to resign following serious unrest.
		He in turn was replaced by General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan, the commander-in-chief of the army, who reimposed martial law.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_472000/472953.stm (454 words)

	Agha Mohhamad Khan Qajar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A descendent of Gengis Khan, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, a merciless warrior and visionary King, would thus allow his successors to move feudal Persia into modernity.
		"Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar," which was published at the Nouvelles Editions Debresse, Paris 1963.
		An expert on the Qajar Dynasty, she also authored the "Prince Sans Histoire" (A Prince without History) which won the Rivarol Prize in 1951 and a book on "Abbas Mirza," the valorous son of Fath Ali Shah Qajar.
	users.sedona.net /~sepa/agha.html (353 words)

	History of the Kadhmayn gold-domed holy shrine \| Jafariya News Network
		The tiles for the double cupola, however, were provided in 1796 by Shah Agha Muhammad Khan, who was the first of the Persian Qajar dynasty.
		Notwithstanding, before another hundred years had passed when the domes of the Shrines had again been destroyed by fire, we find that its repair was regarded as of sufficient importance to be the one and only enterprise that the short-lived Caliph Zahir had been able to undertake.
		There are numerous accounts of how Hulagu Khan was disgusted when he saw that in his avarice the Caliph had gathered gold which he had been unwilling to spend either in defense of the city or to effect favorable terms of capitulation.
	www.jafariyanews.com /articles/2k5/15aug_kadhmayn_history.htm (2579 words)

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