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Topic: Agitator (Levellers)

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	"Whatsoever yee would that men should doe unto you, even (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He wrote, "The Levellers ought to be remembered as much for their assertion of a natural right to property in goods and estate as for anything else.
		He explained that the Levellers believed that if human beings were "to act conscientiously in their relations with God and with other men, if they were to exercise their self-propriety as real stewards, then they must be free from compulsion or restraint in matters of conscience." (32) The state could not therefore deny religious toleration.
		Through their doctrines, the Levellers (perhaps unintentionally) showed that two spheres of life, the sacred and the secular, could be brought together without the state enforcing such union.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-135425063.html (3109 words)

	AGITATORS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The soldiers, whose pay was largely in arrear, refused to accept either alternative, and eight of the cavalry regiments elected agitators, called at first commissioners, who laid their grievances before the three generals, and whose letter was read in the House of Commons on the 30th of April 1647.
		The other regiments followed the example of the cavalry, and the agitators, who belonged to the lower ranks of the army, were supported by many of the officers, who showed their sympathy by signing the Declaration of the army.
		Gradually the agitators ceased to exist, but many of their ideas were adopted by the Levellers (q.v.), who may perhaps be regarded as their successors.
	simplestartpage.com /2301_AGITATORS.HTML (361 words)

	Levellers history
		Headed by political agitator John Lilburne, the Levellers presented to their commander a petition, The Case of the Armie Truly Stated, calling for the dissolution of Parliament and for changes in the structure of future parliaments.
		The Levellers advocated a representative assembly to meet biannually, based on a redistribution of seats according to density of population, and with the franchise extending to all Englishmen 21 years of age or over and wealthy enough to be "housekeepers".
		The Levellers are sometimes confused with the Diggers, a strongly religious and pacifist group that advocated the abolition of private ownership of land.
	www.sccs.swarthmore.edu /users/99/dwt/Levhistory.html (320 words)

	John Lilburne - LoveToKnow 1911
		1614-1657), English political agitator, was the younger son of a gentleman of good family in the county of Durham.
		At the age of twelve he was apprenticed to a clothier in London, but he appears to have early addicted himself to the "contention, novelties, opposition of government, and I The Span.
		Finally, the Second Part of England's New Chains Discovered, a violent outburst against "the dominion of a council of state, and a constitution of a new and unexperienced nature," became the subject of discussion in the House, and led anew to the imprisonment of its author in the Tower on the 11th of April.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /John_Lilburne (559 words)

	Sir John Wildman - LoveToKnow 1911
		1621-1693), English agitator, was educated at the university of Cambridge, and during the Civil War served for a short time under Sir Thomas Fairfax.
		He became prominent, however, not as a soldier but as an agitator, being in 1647 one of the leaders of that section of the army which objected to all compromise with the king.
		In a pamphlet, Putney Projects, he attacked Cromwell; he was responsible for The Case of the Army stated, and he put the views of his associates before the council of the army at a meeting in Putney church in October 1647.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sir_John_Wildman (372 words)

	[No title]
		Its leaders were obscure and usually illiterate men, who delighted to propound their theories for the universal reformation of society and the state in rhetoric of which the characteristic phrases were borrowed from the tribune of the Jacobin Club.
		The danger, of course, was absurdly exaggerated; as indeed was proved by the very popularity of the repressive measures to which the government thought it necessary to resort, and which gave to the vapourings of a few knots of agitators the dignity of a widespread conspiracy for the overthrow of the constitution.
		On,the 1st of December 1792 a proclamation was issued calling out the militia on the ground that a dangerous spirit of tumult and disorder had been excited by evil-disposed persons, acting in concert with persons in foreign parts, and this statement was repeated in the king's speech at the opening of parliament on the 13th.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=65303&locale=en (21645 words)

	The Levellers
		They had no special name for themselves; the term "Levellers" was coined by their enemies to imply that they favoured the abolition of property rights and the equalisation of wealth, which they strenuously denied — unlike the Diggers or "True Levellers".
		Leveller ideas took hold in the New Model Army in 1647 when Agitators were appointed to lobby Parliament for arrears of pay and to protest at Parliament's plans for disbanding part of the Army and committing the rest to an invasion of Ireland.
		Unrest amongst the Levellers in the Army, fanned by opposition to the Council of State's plans for the invasion of Ireland, led to the Leveller mutinies of April and May 1649.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /glossary/levellers.htm (778 words)

	Agitator (Levellers) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Agitator (Levellers) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Levellers found wide support among Cromwell's New Model Army and the yeoman farmers, artisans, and small traders, and proved a powerful political force from 1647 to 1649.
		Their programme included the establishment of a republic, government by a parliament of one house elected by all men over 21, elections every year, freedom of speech, religious toleration, and sweeping social reforms, including education for everyone.
		True Levellers (also known as Diggers) were denounced by the Levellers because of their more radical methods.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Agitator+(Levellers) (215 words)

	New Model Army - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Of this six, five were subsequently pardoned while Robert Lockier, a former Agitator, was hanged on April 27 1649.
		After the resolution of the pay issue the Banbury mutineers, consisting of 400 soldiers with Leveller sympathies under the command of Captain William Thompson, continued to negotiate for their political demands.
		With the failure of this mutiny the Levellers' power base in the New Model Army was destroyed.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/New_Model_Army (2883 words)

	1647 \| Political Events: The People's Chronology
		The rank and file of the army elect agitators in April who are largely influenced by radical ideas of the Levellers (see 1645).
		An army council that includes rank-and-file Levellers as well as officers convenes at Putney in October to discuss an "Agreement of the People" that proposes a new social contract as the basis for a democratic, republican government to replace the one dissolved by Parliament's victory in the Civil War.
		Charles I rejects proposals for a constitutional monarchy, flees to the Isle of Wight November 11, and is detained by the governor of Carisbrooke Castle.
	history.enotes.com /peoples-chronology/year-1647 (731 words)

	Eduard Bernstein: Cromwell and Communism (6. Levellers vs. Independents)
		But the “agitators” considered that the safest plan was to have the King actually in the hands of the Army, and, on their own admission, exceeded their orders.
		After the Levellers had made a gesture of reconciliation, Cromwell had good reasons for writing to Colonel Hammond that it was not they that were to be feared, but the irresolute men working for compromise with the King.
		The various “agitators” and also some of the radical officers championed universal suffrage, but Cromwell and the majority of the officers maintained that it was very risky to give the vote to those who had neither possession nor “position” in the country, and therefore not “a permanent fixed interest in it”.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/bernstein/works/1895/cromwell/06-levellers.htm (4947 words)

	Labor Standard 5 for Web
		A number of historians refer to the Leveler faction within the New Model Army and the existence of elected representatives (the agitators) to a council was a standard Leveler demand.
		Given the broad base of the Leveler movement among the English masses, it is not farfetched to imagine that some of the immigrants had been Levelers or, at the least, were familiar with Leveler political ideas and organization.
		While some parts of the Leveler program have yet to be achieved (such as the right to refuse military service and abolition of the death penalty), what is crucial is not the specific ideas they proposed but their radical spirit, which emphasized the inalienable rights of human beings under all conditions and at all times.
	www.laborstandard.org /Vol1No5/Levelers.htm (4059 words)

	"Leveller" Thinkers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To promote their views, the Levellers had to embrace freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom of assembly.
		Responding to the imprisonment of Leveller leader John Lilburne, Overton issued this radical attack on monarchy and presented his case for popular sovereignty and a rule of law.
		The Levellers' pioneering libertarian agenda, including a rule of law, secure private property, free trade, separation of church and state and universal suffrage.
	www.libertystory.net /LSTHINKLEVELLERS.htm (1273 words)

	Levellers - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - The Levellers were a mid 17th century English political movement, who came to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This was a charge that they vehemently denied, but ironically after their arrest and imprisonment in 1649 four of the 'Leveller' leaders- Thomas Prince, William Walwyn and John Lilburne signed a manifesto which called themselves Levellers.
		Some Levellers like John Lilburne argued that the English Common law, particularly Magna Carta, were the foundation of English rights and liberties, but others, like William Walwyn, compared Magna Carta to a 'mess of potage'.
		Levellers tended to hold fast to a notion of "natural rights" that had been violated by the king's side in the Civil Wars.
	www.sayvillenyus.com /details/Levellers (1757 words)

	Agitator Information
		Agitator is a term for a person that actively supports some ideology or movement with speeches and especially actions.
		Agitators resisted, soldiers of one regiment mutinied and refused to disband.
		Currently the term usually refers to those who agitate for sedition, rebellion or insurrection or perform agitprop.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Agitator (261 words)

	Levellers - Japan
		Leveller views and support was to be found in the populace of the City of London and in some regiments in the New Model Army (Army).
		At first the use of the term leveller did not refer to John Lilburne, Richard Overton and William Walwyn per se but referred to a faction of New Model Army agitators and their London supporters who were allegedly plotting to assassinate the king.
		The charge of levelling was a charge that they vehemently denied, but ironically after their arrest and imprisonment in 1649 four of the 'Leveller' leaders- Thomas Prince, William Walwyn, Richard Overton and John Lilburne signed a manifesto which called themselves Levellers.
	levellers.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Levellers (2799 words)

	Sajo Technologies Inc.
		The ink levelers include one, two and three piece models as well as two and three stage versions designed for printers who don’t have the budget or justification for the complete automated ink leveler.
		The pneumatic ink agitator requires no electricity and can be mounted either over or in front of the ink fountain and requires very little space.
		The ink mixer agitates the ink with the use of a double band rodless pneumatic cylinder and using two adjustable paddles which can easily be removed for cleaning.
	www.sajotechnologies.com (492 words)

	Libertarian Heritage No. 5
		The Leveller movement had alienated several powerful groupings within the English body politic, groupings such as the army Grandees and various of the groups which constituted the new "ruling class" within the new commonwealth, people and interests who were deeply suspicious of Leveller motives and politics.
		The Levellers, in conjunction with several of the other groupings and sects which emerged during the 1640s it must be pointed out, also broke new ground in their acceptance of women as political and social equals, with many women playing prominent roles both within the party and its activities.
		It was this growing gulf between the Levellers and the government of the Commonwealth which saw a stepping-up in the extra-parliamentary activity such as the political propaganda petition which was the hallmark of the movement.
	www.libertarian.co.uk /lapubs/libhe/libhe005.htm (9426 words)

	Wormuth: The Origins of Modern Constitutionalism
		From Overton's teaching arose the sect of "soul-sleepers." John Wildman was active in the Leveller agitation in its period of greatest activity from 1647 to 1649, and thereafter had a chequered career as insurrectionist, Royalist agent, and Cromwellian spy.
		Edward Sexby was perhaps the ablest of the Agitators in the Leveller period; he later came to believe that the Stuarts might be used to advance the Leveller cause, and in 1657 he acted as intermediary in the Royalist plot against Cromwell for which Sindercomb was convicted.
		The political creed of the Levellers was the logical outcome of the argument adopted by Parliament at the opening of the wars.
	www.constitution.org /cmt/wormuth/wormuth.htm (17281 words)

	Recapturing the Past in Fiction
		I started "O Beulah Land" at the level of survival - a woman lost in the wilderness, mindless with fear, urged on only by her instinct to survive.
		Hannah's journey east across the Allegheny mountains was based on a whole series of documented escapes from Indians, but mostly on the escape of Mary Inglis from the Iroquois.
		"Agitator" was not a pejorative term then, but the title of the elected regimental spokesmen.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/98/10/25/specials/settle-past.html (3154 words)

	Agitators of the New Model Army
		Agitators were representatives of the rank-and-file soldiers of the New Model Army.
		By this time, military Agitators were co-operating with civilian Levellers to further their political ends.
		However, a split developed between the Agitators and the Grandees over the continuing efforts of Cromwell and Ireton to negotiate with King Charles and over their unwillingness to accept the Levellers' proposals for the settlement of the nation.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /glossary/agitators.htm (476 words)

	Levellers information - Search.com
		The Levellers were one of the largest factions on the Parliamentarian side during the English Civil Wars.
		The Levellers were extremely well-supported from within the ranks of the New Model Army, (though mainly in the lower ranks - their highest ranking supporter being Colonel Thomas Rainsborough).
		To modern eyes the debates seem to draw heavily on the Bible to lay out certain basic principles, but this is to be expected in an age still racked by religious upheavals in the aftermath of the reformation, and particularly in an army where soldiers were, in part, selected for their religious zeal.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Levellers (1676 words)

	The Green Ribbon aStore US - Free-Born John: A Biography of John Lilburne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Head of the Levellers, it was he, over 300 years ago, who spelled out to the English the true meaning of democracy.
		An agitator supreme, he stopped at nothing to further his cause--whether it meant attacking Cromwell or King Charles I, or "stage managing" his own trial for life as though it were a play.
		John Lilburne, a brilliant pamphleteer and a passionately courageous political agitator, was the most prominent leader of the paleo-libertarian "Leveller" movement during the English Civil War of the seventeenth century.
	astore.amazon.com /gp/detail.html?tag=tomgriffininf-20&linkCode=sb1&camp=212353&creative=380565&asin=1842122002 (447 words)

	the Levellers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Headed by political agitator John Lilburne, the Levellers presented to their commander a petition, The Case of the Armie Truly Stated, calling for the dissolution of Parliament and for changes in the structure of future parliaments.
		The Levellers advocated a representative assembly to meet biannually, based on a redistribution of seats according to density of population, and with the franchise extending to all Englishmen 21 years of age or over and wealthy enough to be "housekeepers".
		The Levellers are sometimes confused with the Diggers, a strongly religious and pacifist group that advocated the abolition of private ownership of land.
	dreyfus.chemistry.sjsu.edu /~pfleming/lvlrs/lvlrs.html (564 words)

	Putney Debates 1647
		The Levellers want the army to march into London, overthrow the present parliament and bring in a new constitution...the army want to negotiate a settlement approved by the present parliament.
		The Levellers call for a general rendezvous of the army so the Agreement may be presented to all the soldiers.
		The Levellers claim this is an attempt to prevent them putting the Agreement to the whole army and adopting it by general acclamation.
	www.theteacher99.btinternet.co.uk /ecivil/putney.htm (754 words)

	Corkbush Field mutiny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The radical Member of Parliament and Leveller agitator, Colonel Thomas Rainsborough tried to present Fairfax with a copy of the Agreement of the People but was ignored.
		However the issues raised did not go away and over the next year civilian "agitators" (as the levellers liked to call themselves) were active promoting the ideas in the "Agreement of the People".
		The next Leveller mutiny in the New Model Army was the Bishopsgate mutiny in April 1649.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Corkbush_Field_mutiny (662 words)

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