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Topic: Agner Krarup Erlang

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	A. K. Erlang
		Agner Krarup Erlang (Born at Lonborg[?] (Lønborg), near Tarm[?], in Jutland, Denmark on January 1, 1878; died at Copenhagen, Denmark on February 3, 1929), was a Danish mathematician, statistician, and engineer who invented the fields of queueing theory and traffic engineering.
		Erlang was also an expert in both the history and calculation of the numerical tables of mathematical functions, particularly logarithms.
		The unit of communication activity in these fields is now known as the erlang, in recognition of his achievements.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/a/A.K._Erlang.html (609 words)

	Agner Krarup Erlang (1878 - 1929) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		, Hans Nielsen Erlang, was the village schoolmaster and parish clerk.
		Agner returned home where he remained for two years, teaching at his father's school for two years and continuing with his studies.
		Erlang at once started to work on applying the theory of probabilities to problems of telephone traffic and in 1909 published his first work on it "The Theory of Probabilities and Telephone Conversations" [1] proving that telephone calls distributed at random follow Poisson's law of distribution.
	tele2001.republika.pl /AKErlang.html (974 words)

	Agner Krarup Erlang Biography \| World of Mathematics
		Erlang is regarded as the founder of queuing theory and of operations research.
		Agner Krarup Erlang was born on January 1, 1878, at Lonborg, near Tarm in Jutland, the mainland of Denmark.
		Erlang demonstrated in a 1909 paper that the number of calls to arrive during a period of time follows a Poisson distribution, and treated the problem of waiting time when holding times are constant, for the simplest case of one circuit.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/agner-krarup-erlang-wom (742 words)

	Traffic Modeling in Call Centers
		Erlang B is a "blocked calls lost" model, in which, when servers are unavailable, the service requestor is denied service and must retry the request.
		Unlike the Erlang B model, in which blocked service requests are considered lost, in the Erlang C model, requests that cannot be satisfied immediately are delayed until a server is available.
		Using the Erlang C formula, the software calculates the GoS for ten different phone line and staff combinations and shows in row 10 that the minimum staff that meets or exceeds the specified GoS is 19.
	www.easyerlang.com /papers/traffic_modeling.htm (3041 words)

	Erlang programming language - a Whatis.com definition
		Erlang is described as a functional programming language, meaning that it emphasizes the evaluation of expressions rather than the execution of commands.
		Erlang provides dynamic data types, allowing programmers to develop system components (such as message dispatchers) that do not care what type of data they are handling and others that strongly enforce data type restrictions or that decide how to act based on the type of data they receive.
		Erlang's bytecode is identical on all platforms, and a network of Erlang nodes may consist of any mix of NT, UNIX, or other supported platforms.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid44_gci212072,00.html (537 words)

	Erlang (programming language) - en.discu.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The sequential subset of Erlang is a functional language, with strict evaluation, single assignment, and dynamic typing.
		Erlang was originally a proprietary language within Ericsson, but was released as open source in 1998.
		Erlang was released by Ericsson as open-source to ensure its independence from a single vendor and to increase awareness of the language.
	en.discu.org /wiki/Erlang_programming_language (899 words)

	Erlang biography
		Agner Erlang was descended on his mother's side from Thomas Fincke.
		A subject that interested Erlang very much was the calculation and arrangement of numerical tables of mathematical functions, and he had an uncommonly thorough knowledge of the history of mathematical tables from ancient times right up to the present.
		Erlang set forth a new principle for the calculation of certain forms of mathematical tables, especially tables of logarithms...
	www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /Biographies/Erlang.html (452 words)

	Agner Krarup Erlang \| životopis
		Jeho otec Hans Nielsen Erlang byl vesnický učitel.
		Agner Krarup Erlang nejdřív navštěvoval školu, kde působil jeho otec.
		Agner Krarup Erlang začal pracovat na uplatnění teorie pravděpodobnosti na problémy telefonního provozu.
	www.converter.cz /fyzici/erlang.htm (357 words)

	Erlang in BYTE.com
		One of the languages presented there was Erlang, named after Agner Krarup Erlang (1878-1929), a Danish mathematician who developed a theory of stochastic processes in statistical equilibrium that is widely used in the telecommunications industry.
		Erlang was designed in parallel with its first applications, in an internal project about languages for switching systems at Ericsson, the Swedish telecom giant.
		Erlang had message-passing times under a millisecond well up into the 50,000-process range; C# had times around 15 ms for its full range, and Java started at 15 ms and rose almost exponentially to 100,000 ms once it got over the 100-process mark.
	www.erlang.se /publications/BYTE2003.html (1175 words)

	Queueing theory
		There are several related processes, arriving at the back of the queue, waiting in the queue (essentially a storage process), and being served by the server at the front of the queue.
		(Agner Krarup) Erlang, a Danish engineer who worked for the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange, published the first paper on queueing theory in 1909.
		Ek stands for an Erlang distribution with k as the shape parameter.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/qu/Queueing_theory.html (230 words)

	Certis Technologies Inc. -- Introduction to Traffic Engineering
		The international unit of traffic is the erlang, named after the Danish mathematician, Agner Krarup Erlang, who laid the foundation to traffic theory in the work he did for the Copenhagen Telephone Company starting 1908.
		From a more practical standpoint, the erlang is a measure of traffic intensity, where one erlang represents one circuit occupied for one hour.
		The erlang per channel represent the channel’s efficiency, or the proportion of the hour during which the channel is used.
	www.certis.com /support/trafficintro.htm (1394 words)

	Connected Earth: Agner Krarup Erlang (1878-1929) : the maths behind telephone traffic
		Agner Krarup Erlang developed the mathematical formulae that underpinned the design of telephone networks from the 1920s.
		Jensen persuaded Erlang to join the telephone company and find a solution to the problem of waiting times for telephone calls.
		His later work on the characteristics of telephone networks was soon adopted by telephone companies throughout the world, and his name lives on as the unit used to measure telephone traffic.
	www.connected-earth.com /Galleries/Pioneersandpersonalities/E/Erlang (177 words)

	What is a High-Loss System? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Network designers use the erlang to understand traffic patterns within a voice network and use the figures to determine how many lines are required between a telephone system and a central office or between network locations.
		Erlang B is used to work out how many lines are required if the traffic figure during the busiest hour is known.
		Erlang C -- this model assumes that all blocked calls are queued in the system until they can be handled.
	cnx.org /content/m13428/latest (441 words)

	What is an Erlang
		Erlang traffic measurements are made in order to help telecommunications network designers understand traffic patterns within their voice networks.
		Erlang traffic measurements or estimates can be used to work out how many lines are required between a telephone system and a central office (PSTN exchange lines), or between multiple network locations.
		Agner Krarup Erlang was born in 1878 in Lønborg, Denmark.
	www.erlang.com /whatis.html (743 words)

	Erlang Distribution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Erlang distribution is a special case of the gamma distribution where the shape parameter is an integer.
		To be consistent with the documentation, the terms scale and shape have been used, however, the scale is the equivalent of the mean of an exponential distribution and the scale is the number of exponentially distributed events.
		The distribution resulted from work done by the Danish mathematician Agner Krarup Erlang (1878 - 1929) who was a pioneer in the application of statistical methods to the analysis of telephone networks.
	www.brighton-webs.co.uk /distributions/erlang.asp (167 words)

	IP
		The problem Agner needed to solve was the very same one we were faced with in bidding on the REVS project: the number of lines it would take to provide acceptable service for a village in Denmark.
		The point of my personal history using the Erlang tables is to illustrate how easy and common and routine it is for anyone working in telecommunications to predict need.
		Erlang science is used today as a high-tech version of a grocer's thumb on the scale.
	www.pjprimer.com /erlang.html (1117 words)

	Erlang from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An interpreter in SICStus Prolog and compilers in C and Erlang are available for several Unix platforms.
		Erlang is a unit without dimension, accepted internationally for measuring the traffic intensity.
		An intensity of one Erlang means the channel is continuously occupied.
	ftp.sunet.se /foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Erlang (206 words)

	Gamma distribution - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		For integer values of the parameter k it is also known as the Erlang distribution.
		If $k$ is an integer, the gamma distribution is an Erlang distribution (so named in honor of A.
		Erlang) and is the probability distribution of the waiting time until the $k$ -th "arrival" in a one-dimensional Poisson process with intensity $1/\theta$ .
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Gamma_distribution (854 words)

	Biography of A. K. Erlang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Agner Krarup Erlang (January 1, 1878 - February 3, 1929) was a Danish mathematician, statistician, and engineer who invented the fields of queueing theory and traffic engineering.
		Erlang was born at Lonborg (Lønborg), near Tarm, in Jutland.
		He worked for the Copenhagen Telephone Company for almost 20 years, until his death in Copenhagen after an abdominal operation.
	biography-1.qardinalinfo.com /e/Erlang_A_K.html (596 words)

	A.K. Erlang:
		Erlang published other papers, invented a tester for measuring AC current and did many practical things to help the company.
		Using the Erlang B Table it can be determined that the grade of service is about.04 If the traffic remains at 2 erlangs and the desired grade of service is.01 then 7 lines are required.
		B =.005 from 1 lines to two is only.101 erlangs, but from 13 to 14 lines is.7 erlangs.
	cs.roosevelt.edu /ru-telecom/331/ERLANG.htm (1871 words)

	Erlang, Agner Krarup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Erlang was born near Tarm in Jutland and studied at the University of Copenhagen.
		Especially important are his formulas for the probability of barred access in busy-signal systems and for the probability of delay and for the mean waiting time in waiting-time systems.
		Erlang also constructed a measuring bridge to meter alternating current (the so-called Erlang complex compensator), which was a considerable improvement on earlier apparatus of similar function.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/E/Erlang/1.html (147 words)

	Erlang/OTP Professional Services by Sjöland&Thyselius - Erlang/OTP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Erlang is highly declarative in its nature and therefore provides short development-test-deployment cycles.
		Modern Erlang with OTP is from the middle of the 90's.
		Erlang is named after the Danish mathematician Agner Krarup Erlang (1878-1929).
	www.erlang-services.com /eng/erlang_erlangotp.htm (200 words)

	Erlang
		Erlang is a computer language for developing distributed computer applications for networks.
		It was named for the Danish mathematician Agner Krarup Erlang, the originator of queueing theory.
		Erlang also includes support for other network technologies, such as an HTTP server, a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent, a Common Object Request Broker Architecture / CORBA interface and a fully distributed database engine.
	www.inforingpress.com /computer-book/erlang.htm (416 words)

	Erlang :: Languages : Gourt
		Erlang programming language, a programming language oriented to the development of concurrent software.
		Agner Krarup Erlang, the mathematician and engineer after whom all the above concepts are named.
		Erlang Projects - Site allowing members to participate in Erlang related projects, share documents, and add resources of interest to others.
	computers.gourt.com /Programming/Languages/Erlang.html (310 words)

	Agner Krarup Erlang Biography \| scit_06123_package.xml
		Born in 1878 in Lonborg, Jutland, Denmark, Erlang showed early promise in mathematics.
		While attending meetings of the Mathematical Association, he met the chief engineer of the Copenhagen Telephone Company, who persuaded Erlang to use his mathematical skills to benefit his employer.
		Erlang applied theories of probability to help solve problems in several areas of the company's operations and eventually provided a formula for loss and waiting time, which drew interest from many other countries in Europe, including the British Post Office.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/agner-krarup-erlang-scit-06123 (160 words)

	Stochastic Processes and Queuing Models, Queueing Theory - Numericana
		5 erlangs of load is offered to 15 circuits for half an hour, and 15 erlangs in the next half-hour.
		The plural form is "erlangs", whereas the symbol "E" is invariable.
		Thus, correct usage include "five erlangs", "5 erlangs" or "5 E" (while "five E", "five Erlangs" "5 e" and "5 Es" are unacceptable).
	home.att.net /~numericana/answer/stochastic.htm (1774 words)

	Siemens Communications Lexicon - erlang (Erl)
		A unit of measurement for traffic intensity on connection-oriented transmission lines or wireless communications networks, named after the Danish mathematician Agner Krarup Erlang (1878 to 1929).
		The Erlang, which is also known as a traffic unit (TU), represents the average load on a connection, for a specific path, at a specific time of day, known as the busy hour; the value is ascertained empirically, just like counting rush hour traffic in a city.
		The Erlang is a dimensionless measurement (Erl) between 0 and 1, which was introduced in 1946 by CCIF, the predecessor of CCITT.
	networks.siemens.com /communications/lexicon/2/f004452.htm (167 words)

	erlang - Ask.com Web Search
		To investigate the traffic unit Erlang, and the Erlang traffic models, we suggest the following...
		Yaws is entirely written in Erlang furthermore it is a multithreaded webserver where one Erlang light weight process is used to handle each client.
		Erlang does not make use of the underlying OS's threads and processes for managing its own process pool and thus does not suffer from these...
	search.ask.com /web?q=erlang (222 words)

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