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Topic: Agni II

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	Agni II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Agni missile family is envisaged to be the mainstay of the Indian missile-based strategic nuclear deterrence.
		The Agni's manoeuvring RV is made of a carbon-carbon composite material that is light and able to sustain high thermal stresses of re-entry, in a variety of trajectories.
		Agni is unlike long-range missiles developed by western missiles where the RV is a passive ballistic load, whose accuracy depends on the launching vehicle's exact insertion into the sub-orbital trajectory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agni_II (2524 words)

	Agni missile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Agni missile (from Sanskrit Agnī meaning "Fire", one of the 5 elements of nature) is an IRBM developed under the IGMDP by India.
		It was first tested at the Interim Test Range in Chandipur in 1989, and is capable of carrying a conventional payload of 1000 kg (2,200 lb) or a nuclear warhead.
		The Agni I has a range of 700-800 km while the Agni-II as a range of 2,000–2,500 km.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agni_missile (364 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Nation
		Today’s Agni II was test-fired from a mobile launcher at 12.55 this afternoon from the Interim Test Range at Wheeler’s Island on the Orissa coast.
		The Agni II was test-fired twice earlier — in April 11, 1999, and on January 17, 2001.
		This probably means that the Agni II was not flown for the full range it is designed to fire and its trajectory was altered to simulate the distance.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp (569 words)

	Production of Agni missile begins: Govt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Agni II with a range of 2,000 km is widely seen as a key element of India's plan to build a "credible nuclear deterrent" to defend itself against nuclear-armed neighbours China and Pakistan.
		"Agni II is planned to be inducted into the armed forces during 2001/2002," he said in a written answer to a question in the lower house of parliament.
		Agni is part of an integrated guidance missile development programme which began in the late eighties.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0701/173.html (207 words)

	Agni-II IRBM
		The first Agni test occurred on 22 May 1989, and two more tests were conducted on 29 May 1992 and 19 February 1994.
		After the second test, Agni's Program Director - Professor P.N. Aggarwal - said, "The flight test results have indicated that mission objectives were met satisfactorily." Although this was the second Agni-II test, it was for the first time that the missile was test-fired in its final configuration.
		Agni's Project Director, Avinash Chander, said the effort to operationalise the missile system was complex, as it involved reducing the host of computer's processing information, both inside the missile and ground control systems, to a single control system.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /MISSILES/Agni-II.html (1730 words)

	India Tests Enhanced Version of Missile (washingtonpost.com)
		It was the second test of the upgraded version of the original Agni, a two-stage, solid-fuel missile with a 1,250-mile range, which a defense analyst said was a key element of India's plan to build a credible minimum nuclear deterrent.
		"India's test-firing today of its Agni II missile is part of its ambitious nuclear and missile program which poses a direct threat to Pakistan's security and has been a matter of concern for the international community," the Foreign Ministry said.
		Agni, named after a Hindu fire god, is seen as a potential deterrent to China, India's nuclear-armed neighbor.
	www.nci.org /india/india-wp11801.htm (285 words)

	Asia Times
		At a length of 20 meters and a weight of 16 tonnes, the Agni II is an improvement over its predecessor, which had a length of 21 meters and a weight of 19 tonnes.
		The Agni II is thought to contain technology illegally acquired from Germany, such as hydraulic cylinders that were installed in mobile launching platforms.
		For example, a single-stage solid fuel Agni IA with a 700 kilometer range was test fired for presumed use against Pakistan, with the earlier Agni II and the coming Agni III slated for deterrence against China.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/DH24Df03.html (1023 words)

	Agni - India Missile Special Weapons Delivery Systems
		Although accuracy is reduced with increased range, the Agni is believed to be fairly accurate, employing a closed-loop inertial guidance system, said to have been developed with a great deal of West German assistance.
		The next flight of Agni in 1994 was tested at a trajectory designed to simulate a range of 2500km, with an actual range achieved of 1450km.
		India may have decided to put the Agni under wraps until it decides the larger related issue of whether to test nuclear (perhaps thermonuclear) warheads for its missiles in the face of US and other diplomatic pressures to sign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the ratification process for which began in the fall of 1996.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/india/agni.htm (688 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: Agni-II successfully test-fired
		Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, addressing the country on national television later in the evening, announced the successful test and said that the act was an indication of "our steadfast commitment to self-reliance" on security matters, and had indicated that India would not, under any circumstances, compromise on its defence requirements.
		Defence analysts had at the time urged the government to go ahead with the tests of Agni-II before the closure of the 'test window' in the Bay of Bengal, the period during which such a test is not possible.
		There had been some opposition to the testing of the advanced version of the Agni, especially from the United States which reportedly advised India to refrain from further testing as part of the series of confidence building measures with Pakistan.
	www.rediff.com /news/1999/apr/11agni.htm (1709 words)

	WHAT
		Now India has the capability of having a Road Transportable 800km missile with a nuclear warhead in the Agni-I. Our analysis on the Prithivi, which was a missile manufactured by DRDO and all experts had opined that it was not feasible to fit a nuclear warhead on this liquid fuelled 200 km range missile.
		The first three Agni flights were in the 'technology development and demonstration' category to acquire and master indigenous expertise in areas like re-entry, multi-stage propulsion and related guidance technologies.
		This early Agni was a hybrid,: a solid propellant first stage and a liquid propellant second stage.
	www.indiadefence.com /Agni-I.htm (898 words)

	INDOlink - India General News - India Successfully Test-Fires Agni Variant Of Nuke Missile
		Balasore, July 4 (NNN): A short-range variant of Agni surface-to-surface ballistic missile with nuclear capability to strike targets deep into a distance of 700 kilometres (around 435 miles) was successfully test-fired on Sunday, according to defence sources here.
		Agni-I has major differences from its other longer range cousins with its height being 12 metres and being powered by a single stage solid fuel rocket which provided it a speed of 2.5 kilometres per second.
		Agni-I is a surface-to-surface, intermediate-range ballistic missile that was developed under India's integrated guided missile development programme launched in 1983.
	www.indolink.com /displayArticleS.php?id=070404013503 (390 words)

	www.ghalib.com/India launches Agni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Agni-I which was test-fired three times can carry a one megaton nuclear warhead to a distance of 1500 km.
		As the Indian Prime Minister said: "Agni is proof of our determination to strengthen our national security so comprehensively that we can defend ourselves." The question is whether India is threatened by any of her neighbours.
		Acquisition of nuclear weapons and sophisticated missiles to deliver them is certainly an intimidating sign and a "symbol of a resurgent India" which wishes to dominate the South Asian region and beyond, north east to the middle east and to the countries of South Asia.
	www.millat.com /ghalibcom/opinion/india_launches_agni.htm (1397 words)

	India successfully test fires Agni-I
		The AGNI missile was first test flown from the Interim Test Range at the beach resort of Chandipur-on-sea, 15 km from Balasore on May 22, 1989.
		The first extended version of the Agni, having a range of 2,000 km was test fired on April 11, 1999.
		Defence sources described the present series of Agni-I as a bridge between Prithvi-II (250 km range) and Agni-II which was capable of striking a target 2,000 km away.
	www.indiaabroad.com /news/2003/jan/09agni.htm (266 words)

	The significance of Agni-I
		The success of Agni-I is notable for the speed with which it was conceptualised, developed, mounted on a road launcher and flight-tested.
		The Project Director of the Agni-I flight was D. Purushotama Rao.The Project Director of the Agni was Avinash Chander.
		According to Vajpayee, the decision to test Agni missiles in different configurations had been taken earlier and it was an ongoing project.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1903/19031300.htm (1127 words)

	[No title]
		The 18-meter long, 7.5-ton Agni has a range of up to 2,500 km (allowing access to southern China) and is capable of delivering a 1,000-kg payload.
		India refers to the Agni not as a weapon system but as a "technology demonstrator project" to establish re-entry vehicle technologies.As with the Prithvi, the U.S. has opposed the program as another potential proliferation affront to the MTCR, which India has criticized as biased in favor of the major powers.
		Notwithstanding its justifications for the Agni development, India formally suspended the program at the end of 1995.Whether the suspension is real and the result of diplomatic pressure, technical problems, or other factors, is not evident.
	dr.abdulqadeer.8m.net /agni.htm (956 words)

	Feature
		After the successful launch of Agni-I, it took our scientists, engineers and technologists ten years of patient and painstaking effort to evolve and test Agni-II.
		It lost no time in testing its nuclear capable Ghauri II and Shaheen-1 missiles which are claimed to have a range of 1,500 and 750 km respectively.
		Agni is at the heart of deterrence in the larger context of Sino-Indian equation.
	pib.nic.in /feature/fe0499/f2304991.html (1042 words)

	The Indian Drive towards Weaponization: the Agni Missile Program
		Agni is at the heart of deterrence in the larger context of Sino-Indian equation….The acquisition of a missile system capable of delivering conventional or nuclear warhead bridges a key gap in the nuclear deterrent profile of the country.
		The Agni was developed principally by the Indian Defense Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) under the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), at the Defence Research Complex at Kanchanbagh, on the periphery of Hyderabad’s Old City.
		The purpose of the Agni I was primarily to test reentry vehicle technology for military use.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/india/missile/agni-improvements.htm (1561 words)

	Agni-I test-fired successfully
		Scientific advisor to the defence ministry A V Atre said the missile was tested in a user mode, specifically for the army and hence the use of mobile launchers.
		Agni-I is expected to bridge the gap between indigenously built short-range Prithvi, already deployed in the army, and the intermediate range Agni-II which has a range of more than 2,000km, sources said.
		The Defence Research and Development Organisation had launched the Agni project in 1983 as part of the country's Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme and the first test flight of the missile was conducted on May 22, 1989.
	www.rediff.com /news/2004/jul/04agni.htm (459 words)

	India successfully test-fires Agni-I at Bay of Bengal
		Balasore: With the 2,500 km longer-range Agni-II having become operational, India on January 9 successfully test-fired the Agni-I missile from the launch complex at the Wheeler's island located in the Bay of Bengal off the Orissa coast, according to Defence sources.
		This is the second trial of Agni-I, the first one having been conducted successfully from the same complex on January 25 last year.
		A second test-firing of the longer-range Agni was conducted on January 17, 2001.
	news.indiainfo.com /2003/01/09/09agni.html (376 words)

	Agni II successfully test fired for the third time - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		India’s indigenously built Agni II missile was successfully test fired again from the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)’s missile testing range at the Wheelers Island in the Bay of Bengal off the Orissa coast on Sunday afternoon.
		The Agni II missile has the capability to cover a distance of 2000 to 2500 kms carrying both conventional as well as nuclear warheads weighing up to 1000 kg.
		Earlier, Agni series of missiles were being test fired from the missile testing centre at Chandipur in Balasore district.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/aug302004/n7.asp (409 words)

	News Headings
		NEW DELHI, April 11 (PTI) — The Prime Minister, Mr Atal Behari Vajpayee, in his address to the nation today on the successful test-firing of Agni-II missile, congratulated and expressed deep appreciation for the team of Indian scientists, technicians, jawans and other defence personnel responsible for this historic achievement.
		Agni is a symbol of that resurgent India which is able to say: "Yes, we will stand on our own feet," he said.
		India wanted peace in her neighbourhood and peace in the world and would continue to strive for this noble goal, he said, and added, 'My recent bus journey to Pakistan is an earnest attempt to open a new chapter of peace, and cooperation in the history of the Indian subcontinent.'
	www.tribuneindia.com /1999/99apr12/head.htm (924 words)

	A success story
		When the programme on the development of a technology demonstrator for the Agni missile began as part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) in 1983, the objective was to establish the re-entry technology for long-range missiles.
		Two more flight-tests of Agni were held, in 1992 and 1994, establishing the re-entry technology for long-range missiles and the manoeuvring re-entry technology.
		According to Agarwal, although the Agni-I system was smaller, it had its own technological problems, particularly during its flight through the atmosphere for about 10 to 12 seconds with the closed-loop guidance system, high acceleration and associated rocket motor propellant issues.
	www.frontlineonnet.com /fl2220/stories/20051007002009200.htm (1417 words)

	The Agni Missile is for Nuclear Aggression
		After AGNI II’s firing India has claimed that its nuclear deterrent and nuclear doctrine has become credible ie Bharat now has the retaliatory second strike capability to respond powerfully to nuclear first strikes from its adversaries; be it China or Pakistan.
		The instant firing AGNI II ballistic missile could devastate much of China, entire Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, all the Arab Gulf states, Iraq, and most of Saudi Arabia, and all the Central Asian States.
		The fact is that the AGNI II is a dangerous menace because it will provide over kill nuclear capability and has been evaluated by Indian specialists as an effective ‘minimum deterrent’ against Pakistan as well.
	www.defencejournal.com /2001/feb/agni-missile.htm (1452 words)

	Agni [Strategic Ballistic Missile]
		IGDMP Ballistic Missiles: Prithvi-II, Agni-I, Agni-II and Agni-IIAT
		The temperature in the Agni payload was 30° Celsius.
		Agni-I is also designed to be launched from a rail-based mobile launcher; one that can move on a standard broad-gauge rail system and also from a road-mobile launcher system.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /MISSILES/Agni.html (8086 words)

	Agni II and Ghauri II
		Agni II is a totally indigenous product and the test was a prelude to its serial production and deployment.
		The Agni II test elicited the expected Pakistani reiteration of its determination to give a matching response to India.
		Pakistan was reported to have bought from North Korea---partly for cash, partly for foodgrains and partly for fertilisers-- 12 Nodong II missiles-- with a range of 1,500 kms, a payload of 1,000 kgs, and a circular error probability of 800 metres.
	www.saag.org /papers/paper47.html (1560 words)

	India: Ballistic Missile Update - 2000
		Agni: In April 1999, India tested the Agni-II, an intermediate-range nuclear-capable ballistic missile.
		Unlike the first Agni, which had a solid-fueled first stage and a liquid-fueled second stage, the Agni-II is believed to be powered entirely by solid fuel and is said to have a mobile launch capability.
		The April 1999 missile test was reportedly designed to demonstrate the Agni's mobile launch capability, its solid-fuel propulsion system, its features designed to carry special payloads, and its navigation, guidance and control systems.
	www.wisconsinproject.org /countries/india/missile2000.htm (712 words)

	CDI Nuclear Issues Area - Nuclear Weapons Database: French Nuclear Delivery Systems
		India has tested the Agni at a range of 1,500 kilometers and a newer Agni II to a range of 2,000 kilometers.
		The Agni II was tested again in January 2001, to a range of 2,200 kilometers.
		It is not clear whether the Agni I is deployed, but Indian officials have announced that the Agni II will be deployed in 2002.
	www.cdi.org /issues/nukef&f/database/innukes.html (1456 words)

	Defence: Missiles; Boom for Boom
		Pakistan's prompt reply to India's testing of the Agni II intensifies the deadly nuclear missiles race in the region.
		After India's Agni test, China made it a point to mention the Security Council Resolution 1172 of June 6, 1998, which had urged both India and Pakistan to refrain from further weaponising their nuclear capability and to cap their missile programmes.
		Agni II is designed to carry a nuclear warhead if required.
	www.india-today.com /itoday/26041999/defence.html (2003 words)

	Pakistan Times \| Top Story: India Test-fires Guided Missile Agni-II
		The surface-to-surface Agni II missile, which has a range of 2,000 km (1,250 miles), was also tested in 1999 and 2001.
		India is developing a range of missiles, including the Agni, or "fire" in Sanskrit, as part of its nuclear defence strategy against neighbours China and Pakistan.
		The Agni-I has an estimated range of 1,200 km (750 miles) and the Agni III, still under development, will have a range of 4,000 km (2,500 miles).
	pakistantimes.net /2004/08/30/top9.htm (188 words)

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