Agonist (muscle) - Factbites

Agonist (muscle) - Factbites
Where results make sense
About us | Why use us? | Reviews | PR | Contact us

Topic: Agonist (muscle)

Note: these results are not from the primary (high quality) database.

	66623.asp
		Facial muscle anatomy is complex and requires a thorough understanding of both agonist and antagonist muscles, whose relationship to one another must be appreciated prior to administering botulinum toxin.
		For this reason, it is important to discuss this agonist/antagonist relationship between the two muscle groups with patients who are interested in having their transverse brow lines treated but who do not desire treatment of their brow depressors.
		Optimal results with respect to brow height and contour are usually obtained with either low dose treatment of the Frontalis muscle or co-administration of botulinum toxin to both the Frontalis muscle and brow depressors in order to equally weaken both muscle groups.
	www.slackbooks.com /excerpts/66623/66623.asp

	66623.asp
		Facial muscle anatomy is complex and requires a thorough understanding of both agonist and antagonist muscles, whose relationship to one another must be appreciated prior to administering botulinum toxin.
		For this reason, it is important to discuss this agonist/antagonist relationship between the two muscle groups with patients who are interested in having their transverse brow lines treated but who do not desire treatment of their brow depressors.
		Optimal results with respect to brow height and contour are usually obtained with either low dose treatment of the Frontalis muscle or co-administration of botulinum toxin to both the Frontalis muscle and brow depressors in order to equally weaken both muscle groups.
	www.slackbooks.com /excerpts/66623/66623.asp

	66623.asp
		For this reason, it is important to discuss this agonist/antagonist relationship between the two muscle groups with patients who are interested in having their transverse brow lines treated but who do not desire treatment of their brow depressors.
		Facial muscle anatomy is complex and requires a thorough understanding of both agonist and antagonist muscles, whose relationship to one another must be appreciated prior to administering botulinum toxin.
		Contraction of this muscle over time results in melomental folds or “marionette lines” which may be treated with dermal filler agents or softened by injecting botulinum toxin directly into the Depressor anguli oris muscle at one location.
	www.slackbooks.com /excerpts/66623/66623.asp

	Bolton School of Nursing: Newly Admitted Students
		Antagonist: is a muscle whose action opposes that of a specific agonist (ie., the triceps brachii muscle extends the elbow).
		Agonist/prime mover : is a muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for producing a specific movement (ie., the biceps brachii muscle produces flexion at the elbow).
		Factors involved in promoting muscle fatigue are: depletion metabolic reserves within the muscle fibers; a decline in pH within the muscle fibers and muscles (altering enzyme activity); and a sense of weariness and a reduction in the desire to continue activity (due to effects of low blood pH and pain on the brain).
	fpb.case.edu /NewStudents/nund412muscle.shtm (981 words)

	Brethine Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Studies, Metabolism - Terbutaline Sulfate - RxList Monographs
		The pharmacologic effects of beta-adrenergic agonists, including terbutaline, are at least in part attributable to stimulation through beta-adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
		-adrenergic receptors are the predominant receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, data indicate that there is a population of beta
		Increased cAMPlevels are associated with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic3/terbutaline_cp.htm (981 words)

	66623.asp
		For this reason, it is important to discuss this agonist/antagonist relationship between the two muscle groups with patients who are interested in having their transverse brow lines treated but who do not desire treatment of their brow depressors.
		Facial muscle anatomy is complex and requires a thorough understanding of both agonist and antagonist muscles, whose relationship to one another must be appreciated prior to administering botulinum toxin.
		Contraction of this muscle over time results in melomental folds or “marionette lines” which may be treated with dermal filler agents or softened by injecting botulinum toxin directly into the Depressor anguli oris muscle at one location.
	www.slackbooks.com /excerpts/66623/66623.asp (981 words)

	INTENSE TRAINING - clenbuterol and apoptosis
		High doses of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, clenbuterol, can induce necrotic myocyte death in the heart and slow-twitch skeletal muscle of the rat.
		{beta}2-Adrenergic receptor stimulation in vivo induces apoptosis in the rat heart and soleus muscle.
		However, it is not known if this agent can also induce myocyte apoptosis and whether this would occur at a lower dose than previously reported for myocyte necrosis.
	www.intense-training.com /archive/t-19510.html (981 words)

	Synonyms of agonist
		usage: a muscle that contracts while another relaxes; "when bending the elbow the biceps are the agonist"
	www.infoplease.com /thesaurus/agonist (72 words)

	anabolicforum.com Needle Tid Bits
		- Antagonist muscles are one that stop or resist against the agonist muscles in a movement.
		Muscles in these areas, especially the gluteal muscles in the buttock, are fairly thick.
		Because of the large number of muscle fibers and extensive fascia, (fascia is a type of connective tissue that surrounds and separates muscles) the drug has a large surface area for absorption.
	anabolicforum.com /needles.htm (1779 words)

	Femalepatient.com
		A “nonsurgical brow-lift” can be achieved in some individuals by selectively altering the agonist-antagonist action of the muscles about the brows.
		The site of injection is made to the presumed belly or muscle mass of the selected muscle of facial expression and not typically at the site of the maximal skin depression.
		The transverse or horizontal furrow is created by the procerus muscle, which also aids in the downward pull of the brows medially.
	www.femalepatient.com /html/arc/sig/consul/articles/article_1.asp (1779 words)

	eMedicine - Infraspinatus Syndrome : Article by Jonathan C Reeser, MD, PhD
		The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles are part of the rotator cuff, which dynamically stabilizes the shoulder joint through a precise system of force couples and agonist-antagonist coactivation, keeping the humeral head centered in the glenoid socket.
		Infraspinatus syndrome is defined as a condition of frequently painless atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle caused by suprascapular neuropathy.
		Based on the anatomic considerations discussed earlier, a reasonable hypothesis is that athletes with more proximal lesions of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles are more likely to have pain and symptom-limited function.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/topic54.htm (1779 words)

	NOTES: LECTURE 1A&B: INTRODUCTION: CONNECTIVE TISSUE & MUSCLE
		The biceps brachii would be described as an agonist to the brachialis muscle for elbow flexion.
		Tensions generated in motor units of a given muscle are dictated by the size of the motor unit (the size of the individual fibers in the motor unit and the number of fibers in the motor unit).
		Muscles that are typically postural (e.g., soleus muscles, some of the muscles along the vertebrae of the back) must be almost continually contracting to maintain our vertical positions when we are awake (i.e, walking or sitting).
	www.med.usf.edu /CLASS/JohnMc/LEC1A&B.html (3351 words)

	ANNALS Sep1998: ADDUCTION ARYTENOPEXY: A NEW PROCEDURE FOR PARALYTIC DYSPHONIA WITH IMPLICATIONS . . .
		However, this procedure can exaggerate normal medial rotation of the vocal process, because the agonist-antagonist function of the interarytenoid, lateral thyroarytenoid, and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles is not simulated.
		In this technique, the lateral aspect of the cricoarytenoid joint is opened widely and the body of the arytenoid is manually medialized along the cricoid facet.
		The arytenoid is rocked internally on the cricoid facet, and suture tension is adjusted appropriately to simulate normal cricoarytenoid adduction.
	www.annals.com /abs/annals104.htm (3351 words)

	Fitness Endeavor - Fitness Terms
		During a bicep curl, the bicep is the active muscle or agonist; compare antagonist.
		isotonic-Refers to a type of muscle contraction performed while equal tension is maintained on the muscle, and the length of the muscle is decreased or lengthened.
		isometric-Working a muscle against an immovable object; tension is developed but no mechanical work is performed; contraction of a muscle in which shortening or lengthening is prevented; involves muscular force equal to, but not greater than the resistance.
	www.fitnessendeavor.com /resources/resourcesterms.html (3351 words)

	beta 2-Adrenergic Receptor Pharmacogenetics -- LIGGETT 161 (3): 197 -- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
		Transfected CHW cells (A) or airway smooth muscle cells (B) expressing the indicated polymorphic receptors were exposed to vehicle or isoproterenol (1 µM) in cell culture for 24 h and receptor density was determined by radioligand binding.
		greater responsiveness to this agonist compared with those homozygous
		Consistent with this notion, agonist competition studies in the
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/161/3/S1/S197 (3351 words)

	American Pain Foundation
		Foradil is a bronchodilator that belongs to the long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist class of compounds.
		The pharmacologic effects of beta2 adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including formoterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP).
		Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells.
	www.centerwatch.com /cgi-bin/cl.pl?p=patient/drugs/dru724.html&h=painfoundhead.txt&f=painfoundfoot.txt (3351 words)

	New Horizons In Asthma: Importance Of b2 Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms
		adrenergic receptors are expressed in all cell types comprising the airway including smooth muscle, epithelial cells, blood vessels and cholinergic nerves; they are also expressed in inflammatory cells, and in cells and vessels of the peripheral lung and in circulating lymphocytes.
		adrenergic receptor are not a primary cause of asthma.
		Genetic polymorphisms of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in nocturnal and nonnocturnal asthma.
	www.dcmsonline.org /jax-medicine/1999journals/nov99/horizons.htm (3351 words)

	A Computational Model of Muscle Recruitment for Wrist Movements -- Fagg et al. 88 (6): 3348 -- Journal of Neurophysiology
		Agonist muscle activity (normalized and relative to baseline) as a function of target direction for muscles extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) (A) and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) (B) in the midrange wrist posture.
		Muscle FCU was deactivated prior to application of the optimization process; its pulling direction is shown as a light, dotted line.
		Muscles contribute to the endpoint of movement along their vector of action, where the length of the vector is proportional
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/88/6/3348 (6151 words)

	beta 2-Adrenergic Receptor Haplotypes in Mild, Moderate and Fatal/Near Fatal Asthma -- WEIR et al. 158 (3): 787 -- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
		Beta agonists and the risk of asthma death in near-fatal asthma.
		-adrenergic receptors and in vitro relaxant responses to isoproterenol in asthmatic airway smooth muscle.
		A biallelic DNA polymorphism of the human beta-2 adrenergic receptor detected by Ban I Adbr 2.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/158/3/787 (6151 words)

	NEJM -- The Effect of Common Polymorphisms of the {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor on Agonist-Mediated Vascular Desensitization
		receptor, one at codon 16 and one at codon 27, on agonist-mediated
		Keys, J. R., Zhou, R.-H., Harris, D. M., Druckman, C. A., Eckhart, A. Vascular Smooth Muscle Overexpression of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5 Elevates Blood Pressure, Which Segregates With Sex and Is Dependent on Gi-Mediated Signaling.
		NEJM -- The Effect of Common Polymorphisms of the {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor on Agonist-Mediated Vascular Desensitization
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/345/14/1030 (6151 words)

	Advair Diskus Clinical Pharmacology - Salmeterol/Fluticasone - HealthScout
		Although beta2-adrenoceptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta1-adrenoceptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, there are also beta2-adrenoceptors in the human heart comprising 10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenoceptors.
		The pharmacologic effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including salmeterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3,5 -adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP).
		In vitro assays using human lung cytosol preparations have established fluticasone propionate as a human glucocorticoid receptor agonist with an affinity 18 times greater than dexamethasone, almost twice that of beclomethasone-17-monopropionate (BMP), the active metabolite of beclomethasone dipropionate, and over 3 times that of budesonide.
	www.healthscout.com /rxdetail/1/33/5/main.html (6151 words)

	BodyBuilding4Life - Clenbuterol
		Myocyte-specific necrosis in the heart and soleus muscle of adult male Wistar rats was investigated in response to a single subcutaneous injection of the anabolic beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol.
		Methylation of the phospholipids is stimulated by the binding of beta agonists to their receptors.
		However, Beta receptors are embedded in the cell's outer phospholipid membrane.
	www.bodybuilding4life.com /forums/showthread.php?t=5399 (6151 words)

	Untitled Document
		Expression of transient receptor potential C6 and related transient receptor potential family members in human airway smooth muscle and lung tissue.
		Association analysis of beta2 adrenoceptor polymorphisms with hypertension in a Black African population.
		Mutation screening of the muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptor genes in normal and asthmatic subjects.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /therapeutics/Publications.html (6151 words)

	Coordination of Multiple Muscles in Two Degree of Freedom Elbow Movements
		In multiarticular muscles contributing to motion in two degrees of freedom at the elbow, we found that the magnitude of the agonist burst was greatest for movements in which a muscle acted as agonist in both degrees of freedom.
		The burst magnitudes for one degree of freedom movements were, in turn, greater than for movements in which the muscle was agonist in one degree of freedom and antagonist in the other.
		It was also found that for movements in which a muscle acted as agonist in two degrees of freedom, the burst magnitude was, in the majority of cases, not different than the sum of the burst magnitudes in the component movements.
	www.psych.mcgill.ca /labs/mcl/abstract_ebr95.htm (6151 words)

	Stretching
		In the hold-relaxed agonist contraction method, the contraction and relaxation of the muscle to be stretched (antagonist) is followed by a concentric contraction of the muscle opposing the muscle to be stretched (agonist) to inhibit further the antagonist through the alpha-gamma co-activation and reciprocal innervation.
		Muscle imbalances of agonist and antagonist can be explained by Sherrington’s Law of Reciprocal Innervation.
		This law implies that a strained or tight muscle will inhibit its antagonist.
	www.drkochno.com /stretching_overview.htm (6151 words)

	DOES THE CEREBELLUM LEARN STRATEGIES FOR THE OPTIMAL TIME-VARYING
		The former task was achieved by a reciprocal inhibition of antagonists whereas the latter was accomplished by a co-contraction of both flexor and extensor muscles of the hand.
		In a similar study of monkeys performing two tasks one involving reciprocal inhibition and the other agonist-antagonist co-contraction, Humphrey and Reed (1983) found two spatially separated populations of motor cortical neurons which were preferentially activated with either reciprocal muscle control or with agonist-antagonist co-contraction respectively.
		The degree of reciprocal inhibition of antagonist muscles could be increased or decreased by greater or lesser Purkinje cell activity.
	bbsonline.cup.cam.ac.uk /Preprints/OldArchive/bbs.neur4.smith.html (6151 words)

	Eidactics Visual Biosimulation/ Orbit Movies
		Reciprocal Innervation: Inervation (the frequency of impulses in the audio track) increases for the agonist (the muscle that is pulling) and decreases for the antagonist.
		Thus there might be cases in which innervation is constant and yet total force varied, although, because of the muscle pulleys, this does not occur in the normal eye.
		These are effects the muscle pulleys, which stabilizing the muscle paths relative to the orbital wall.
	www.eidactics.com /Orbit_Movies/index.html (6151 words)

	The Neurological Control System for Normal Gait - Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 1990 American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists
		lB afferents coming from the golgi tendon organs to the spinal cord are stimulated by muscle tension and selectively inhibit the alpha motorneurons of the agonist muscles while facilitating those of the antagonist muscles.
		The golgi tendon organs are encapsulated organs which are attached in series to the collagenous fibers of tendons at the point of muscle insertions and also exist in the fascial coverings of muscles.
		Since the muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs are the ultimate sensory organs which control this tone, there has been a great deal of interest in them.
	www.oandp.org /jpo/library/1990_01_001.asp (4978 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)