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Topic: Agrichemicals

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	Agrichemical - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Agrichemical (or agrochemical), a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a generic term for the various chemical products used in agriculture.
		Most agrichemicals are toxic, and all agrichemicals in bulk storage pose significant environmental and/or health risks, particularly in the event of accidental spills.
		On farms, proper storage facilities and labelling, emergency clean-up equipment and procedures, and safety equipment and procedures for handling, application and disposal are specific areas of concern, often subject to mandatory standards and regulations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agrichemical (203 words)

	Agrichemicals
		Agrichemicals are “bad news”, and the New Zealand government has responded to national and international concerns with two pieces of legislation that are intended to achieve agrichemical risk reduction.
		Typical agrichemical use performance indicators utilised include; numbers of applications, timing of applications (especially in relation to pest or disease warnings/risk), intervals between applications and the range of different active ingredients used in different spray programmes.
		Grower records of agrichemical use are arguably the key source of data on which to base agrichemical use risk assessments and risk reduction strategies.
	www.winetech.co.nz /agrichem.htm (3142 words)

	Agrichemical Usage
		However, our average agrichemical usage increased in 2002 from the previous year, mostly due to efforts to manage fungicide resistance of the banana leaf fungus Black Sigatoka in Costa Rica and Panama.
		Agrichemicals used to control Black Sigatoka account for 80 percent of Chiquita’s total agrichemical use by volume.
		However, agrichemicals are still necessary to protect the bananas grown in nearly all commercial farms worldwide.
	www.chiquita.com /chiquitacr02/envirosocial_01b_4b.htm (818 words)

	On-Farm Agrichemical Mixing/Loading Pad, AEX-522-93
		Agrichemical storage and handling sites present a high potential risk for polluting surface and ground water because of the concentration, quantity and type of chemicals used.
		A recent study indicates that up to 90 percent of water pollution cases due to agrichemicals are the result of improper material handling and spills occurring during the loading and unloading of spraying equipment.
		Because of the potential for contamination of soil and water resources, it is important to protect areas where loading and rinsing of sprayers and equipment occurs.
	ohioline.osu.edu /aex-fact/0522.html (1619 words)

	EW Waikato Regional Plan/6 Air Module/6.2.4 Implementation Methods
		Where the agrichemical is being applied to vegetation on the sides of drains or artificial watercourses the application and consequent breakdown of vegetation shall not result in the concentration of dissolved oxygen falling below 80 per cent of saturation concentration.
		Where the agrichemical is being applied in a situation where it may enter water, any downstream water user within one kilometre of the point of discharge must be notified between 12 hours and three weeks prior to commencement of the discharge.
		Any discharge of agrichemicals into air, into water and onto or into land that is not permitted by or does not comply with Rules 6.2.4.8, 6.2.4.9 or 6.2.4.10 is a discretionary activity (requiring resource consent).
	www.ew.govt.nz /policyandplans/wrpintro/wrp/wrp6.2.4.htm (3491 words)

	Extension- Agrichemicals Safety
		Agrichemicals are chemicals used to improve the yields and quality of crops or animals with economic or aesthetic value.
		The agrichemical industry is constantly expanding and changing: new products are being registered and introduced; new uses for previously registered products are being found; and uses for older products are being discontinued because of their adverse effect on the environment or human health.
		The agrichemical industry is expanding rapidly, and continually offers both private and commercial consumers more types of chemicals that they can apply to control pests or fertilize their gardens and crops.
	www.bae.ncsu.edu /programs/extension/farm_safety/chemsaf.html (3366 words)

	Indicators of Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture - Agrichemical/Fertiliser Use Indicators
		Agrichemicals and fertilisers are regularly used on farms to improve the soil health, and provide additional nutrients for plants.
		Agrichemicals can produce spray drift, and reduce the biodiversity of plants and animals in the area.
		A second effect that irrigation has on fertiliser and agrichemical use is that it also increases production, and improves the soil quality, meaning that less chemicals may be required to achieve the same level of production.
	www.maf.govt.nz /mafnet/rural-nz/sustainable-resource-use/irrigation/indicators/indicators12.htm (505 words)

	Greenhouse whitefly control - Encarsia - glasshouses
		There are not many agrichemicals allowed for use on greenhouse crops in NZ, and there are already signs that whitefly is becoming resistant against some of them.
		Therefore the emphasis is on biological control using the predatory wasp Encarsia, and agrichemicals that are compatible with it.
		Agrichemicals affect whitefly adults and larvae only, so repeated treatment is necessary until all stages have disappeared.
	www.redpathaghort.com /bulletins/whiteflycontrol.html (2573 words)

	Greater Wellington - Rule 1
		The application of agrichemical sprays and powders using small scale application methods, other than in public areas is a permitted activity, as long as the stated conditions are complied with. Any method of application in a public area is in activity (4). All other applications are in activity (1), (2) or (3).
		Conditions (ix)-(xi) require the provision of signage where agrichemical spraying has occurred or is in progress in public areas. Signs must be placed in the immediate vicinity of the spraying. This requirement does not apply to the application of agrichemical sprays and powders on or beside public roads.
		Where agrichemical spray or powder application occurs alongside public roads and other public thoroughfares, condition (xi) requires that vehicles associated with the spraying must display prominent signs (front and back) clearly indicating that spraying is in progress.
	www.gw.govt.nz /story3134.cfm (1307 words)

	Environmental issues of forages - Explain the concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and how it can be used to ...
		Despite the "success" story of agrichemicals, there are a number of serious risks or disadvantages in the use of these materials (see section 6).
		The goal of IPM is usually not the eradication of a pest, but instead the reduction of the pest population to a tolerable level.
		In general, the adoption of an IPM approach to pest control in forages reduces the dependence on fossil fuels and on purchased agrichemicals, both of which are considered nonrenewable resources (see section 2).
	forages.oregonstate.edu /nfgc/topics.cfm?ID=278 (950 words)

	Environmental issues of forages - Discuss advantages and disadvantages in using synthetic agrichemicals in forage ...
		More specifically the term agrichemicals includes herbicides (chemicals that are toxic to weeds), pesticides (chemicals that are toxic to insects), fungicides (chemicals that are toxic to fungi - a group of organisms that cause diseases in plants and animals), rodenticides (chemicals toxic to rodents), and antibiotics administered to livestock.
		Furthermore, it is far beyond the scope of this curriculum to address the many details of the hundreds of compounds that are in the category of agrichemicals.
		Perhaps the most useful and concise way to discuss the issue of agrichemicals in the context of this curriculum is to point out major advantages and disadvantages in the use of these products in forage production.
	forages.oregonstate.edu /nfgc/topics.cfm?ID=277 (611 words)

	DoIR - Chemistry Centre (WA) - Residue in Food and Feed - Agrichemical Residues in the Environment
		The presence of agrichemicals in the environment can arise from a number of sources, such as accidental overuse, spills, disposal, misuse, runoff and spray drift.
		The Chemistry Centre is involved in a number of collaborative projects concerned with the detection and movement of agrichemicals in the environment, especially within water systems such as groundwater flow and surface water run-off.
		Testing for agrichemicals can assist in identifing problems associated with the application of these chemicals on crops and and in the protection of the environment.
	www.doir.wa.gov.au /CCWA/69444DD154D24657BB4686051F77BD0B.asp (185 words)

	On-Farm Storage of Agrichemicals - Illinois Dept. of Agriculture
		Regulations regarding the proper storage and handling of bulk pesticides and fertilizers were modified in 2002 to require secondary containment of certain on-farm storage containers.
		In addition, to qualify as an on-farm storage facility, a site must not be being used for commercial purposes or would not meet the entire definition of a non-commercial agrichemcial facility which includes the mixing and loading of agrichemicals for more than a 45 day period and the non-commercial application of pesticides and fertilizers.
		A “secondary containment structure” is defined as any structure or basin used to contain agrichemical spills and prevent runoff or leaching from bulk agrichemical containers.
	www.agr.state.il.us /Environment/onfarm.html (521 words)

	courses
		It is the intention of the NZ Agrichemical Education Trust that the Applied certificate will become the recommended level of qualification for all agrichemical users.
		The National Certificate in Agrichemical Application will be awarded to people who have achieved all of the core compulsory unit standards, at least two credits from the core elective and specified unit standards from a strand.
		The outcome of this course is to ensure that holders of this certificate handle agrichemicals safely and accurately in support of aerial application according to NZS 8409.
	www.growsafe.co.nz /courses/courses_1.html (1404 words)

	RD1 - Low Prices Great Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We are able to offer a one day Agrichemical workshop to the farming community, held in local areas.
		Agrichemicals can include pour-ons, dips, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, grain treatments and many other commonly-used chemicals on farms.
		All farmers and growers, or their staff and family members who purchase, store or use agrichemicals should attend.
	www.rd1.com /web/content?in_section=3&in_item=782&in_page=4296 (344 words)

	Agrichemicals [Ministry for the Environment]
		In March 2006 the Minister for the Environment extended the agrichemical programme for a further three years, with a budget of $1.5 million.
		The aim of the programme is to address the historical legacy of unnecessary, and in some cases unsafe, storage of unwanted or old agrichemicals on rural properties.
		Following the clean-up, a long-term solution to safely and effectively dispose of agrichemicals will be developed to ensure we don't again end up with a legacy of unwanted agrichemicals sitting around on rural properties.
	www.mfe.govt.nz /issues/waste/special/agrichemicals/index.html (521 words)

	Monitoring Water Quality for Agricultural Wastes and Agrichemicals (II)
		Agrichemical detection in a shallow unconfined aquifer as influenced by sampling technique.
		In the unconfined aquifer, the probability of an atrazine detection was higher when samples were collected with a surface skimmer than a bailer.
		These results suggest that the ability to determine vertical transport of contaminants from surface soil to shallow aquifers at the point of agrichemical application is dependent on surface sampling of the aquifer.
	www.nal.usda.gov /wqic/Bibliographies/eb9606.html (7227 words)

	International Market Research - AGRICULTURE CHEMICALS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Agrichemicals are a key component to New Zealand's success although the negative image tagged globally to agriculture chemicals is prevalent in New Zealand society as anywhere else.
		As there is a strong correlation between farm incomes and farmers motivation to purchase farm equipment and supplies, 2003/04 agrichemical sales are unlikely to reach the 2002 levels.
		U.S. agrichemical producers are viewed locally as leaders in the research and development of new innovative products.
	strategis.ic.gc.ca /epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr109660e.html (3042 words)

	Pesiticide Net Sales
		Agrichemical stewardship is the joint responsibility of regulatory agencies, manufacturers, product reps, distributors, retail ag dealers, industry associations and producers.
		If the retailer’s role in the product chain is bypassed, the agrichemical industry may lose the strongest link in what has been a successful partnership between manufacturers, dealers, industry associations and producers.
		We are interested in any thoughts, suggestions or strategies that agrichemical manufacturers have developed to respond to this issue.
	www.ifca.com /programs/netsales.htm (522 words)

	IFCA Legislative Policies
		Illegal Use of Agrichemicals: IFCA opposes the use of fertilizers and pesticides for anything other than their intended, legal use.
		IFCA also supports eliminating civil liability for retail dealers of anhydrous ammonia, who, as a result of theft or attempted theft of anhydrous ammonia find themselves subject to suits seeking compensation for any damages occurring as a result of a theft or attempted theft of anhydrous ammonia from a storage or nurse tank.
		Storage and Handling of Agrichemicals: IFCA played a major role in the passage and implementation of state law, which requires secondary containment of bulk pesticides and fertilizers.
	www.ifca.com /legislation/legpolicies.html (1248 words)

	Extension Ag Update - Containment For On-Farm Storage of Agrichemicals
		Many changes have occurred in agriculture since 1990, including merger and consolidation of many agrichemical companies and an increase in farm size.
		The Illinois Director of Agriculture, under the authorities granted in the Illinois Pesticide Act and the Illinois Fertilizer Act of 1961, is responsible for creating reasonable requirements for storage and handling of agrichemicals.
		Also, to qualify as an on-farm storage facility, it must not be used for commercial purposes or would not meet the entire definition of a non-commercial agrichemical facility, which includes mixing and loading of agri-chemicals and the noncommercial application of pesticides and fertilizers.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /agupdate/0301_article3.html (500 words)

	EW Waikato Regional Plan/6 Air Module/6.2.2 Objective
		Agrichemicals used in a manner that avoids the significant adverse effects of off-target exposure from their discharge and which do not have adverse effects that conflict with the objectives in Section 3.1.2 of this Plan.
		A stricter standard such as avoiding all off-target exposure to agrichemicals would be impossible to achieve without substantially changing the nature of agriculture in the Region or effectively prohibiting most uses of agrichemicals.
		The use of agrichemicals in water, either to control aquatic plant pests or to maintain water flows in drains and flood control areas is widespread in the Region.
	www.ew.govt.nz /policyandplans/wrpintro/wrp/wrp6.2.2.htm (325 words)

	Transport of agrichemicals to ground and surface water in a small central Indiana watershed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Transport of agrichemicals to ground and surface water in a small central Indiana watershed
		ABSTRACT: The occurrence, distribution, concentrations, and pathways of agrichemicals in water were investigated in the Sugar Creek watershed, a poorly drained agricultural watershed typical of many watersheds in the midwestern United States.
		Water samples from Sugar Creek, 2 tile drains, and 11 wells along a ground-water flowpath to Sugar Creek were collected between May 1992 and August 1996 and analyzed for nitrogen and pesticide compounds.
	in.water.usgs.gov /nawqa/wr03018.htm (312 words)

	News
		There are concerns about old and unwanted agrichemicals sitting around on rural New Zealand properties and council is keen to seen these substances disposed of appropriately.
		The Ministry for the Environment is working in partnership with the council to reduce the accumulation of the potentially hazardous unused agricultural chemicals.
		Council is aware that changes in farming practices have led to the stockpiling of unwanted agrichemicals on many farms that can no longer be used.
	www.gdc.govt.nz /NewsAndEvents/News.htm?sec=News&ID=4566 (314 words)

	I have unwanted agrichemicals, what can I do with them?
		Residents living in rural or semi-rural areas in Christchurch and the Banks Peninsula will be given the opportunity to have their agricultural chemicals collected and disposed of for free.
		The final free agrichemical collection for Christchurch and Banks Peninsula will occur in the 2007/2008 financial year.
		If you would like your agrichemicals to be disposed of now you can contact a commercial waste service.
	www.ccc.govt.nz /QuickAnswers/Waste/HazardousWaste/F826.asp (224 words)

	ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TO OFFER FREE DISPOSAL OF UNWANTED AGRICHEMICALS
		Farmers, retired farmers, nursery owners, private applicators and landowners who inherited agrichemicals with their property are eligible to participate.
		All agrichemicals must be registered prior to the collection date.
		Registration is necessary to allow the waste disposal contractor to prepare for the different kinds of materials that will need to be handled.
	www.agr.state.il.us /newsrels/r0314051.html (318 words)

	iNSnet spot on - internetwork for sustainability, sustainable development
		Some people reported feeling ill or getting sick because of agrichemicals and some farmers began to stop using them on the principle that food produced using such dangerous substances cannot be good for the human body.
		The Daichi-o-Mamoru-Kai was established in 1975 as a result of an encounter with farmers disillusioned with agrichemicals.
		However, 30 years ago, using agrichemicals was standard practice, and the public had no understanding or appreciation for organic farming.
	www.insnet.org /ins_spoton.rxml?cust=210&id=1545&url=&_.url (1792 words)

	Agricultural chemical collection
		The agricultural chemical collection, also known as the agrichemical collection, is a programme set up by the Christchurch City Council, Environment Canterbury and the Ministry for the Environment to offer a free collection of old/unwanted agrichemicals to all rural landowners.
		The Council has limited funds for the agrichemical collection so some properties were not able to have their agrichemicals collected this year.
		Farmers in targeted areas were sent letters asking them to register their interest and this was followed up with a phone call.
	www.ccc.govt.nz /Waste/HazardousWaste/AgriculturalChemicalCollection.asp (537 words)

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