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Topic: Agricultural Adjustment Act

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structural adjustment programs

Period of Adjustment

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	Agricultural Adjustment Act
		Its intent was to reduce the number of crops that farmers produced and the number of livestock sent to slaughter.
		In 1936, the United States Supreme Court declared the Agricultural Adjustment Act to be unconstitutional.
		The Agricultural Adjustment Act greatly improved the economic conditions of many farmers during the Great Depression.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1510 (213 words)

	Agricultural Adjustment Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The AAA was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the case United States v.
		Under the Thomas Amendment to the Agricultural Adjustment Act, approved May 12, 1933, the President was authorized for a period of five months to accept silver on war-debt account, at a maximum price of fifty cents an ounce, the total amount accepted not to exceed a value of $200 million.
		The impact of this amendment was to reduce the amount of silver that was being held by private citizens (presumably as a hedge against inflation or collapse of the financial system) and increase the amount of circulating currency.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act (705 words)

	Agricultural subsidy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An agricultural subsidy is a governmental subsidy paid to farmers to supplement their income, help manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and bolster the supply of such commodities on international markets.
		Between 1996 and 2002, an average of $16 billion/year was paid by programs authorized by federal legislation dating back to the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, the Agricultural Act of 1949, and the CCC Charter Act of 1948, among others.
		Currently (as of Nov. 2005), the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) forecast for the fiscal year 2005 is for a trade surplus of $4.5 billion with $62 billion in exports.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agricultural_subsidy (392 words)

	CRS Report: 96-900 - Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-98 - NLE
		Agricultural Adjustment Act Amendment of 1935 (P.L. signed August 24, 1935, gave the President authority to impose quotas when imports interfered with agricultural adjustment programs; Section 32 of the law also permanently appropriated 30% of all customs receipts to expand exports and domestic usage of surplus commodities.
		Agricultural Act of 1949 (P.L. signed October31, 1949, makes up the major part of permanent commodity legislation (along with the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938) and is still effective in an amended form.
		Agricultural Act of 1954 (P.L. signed August 28, 1954, established a flexible price support beginning in 1955 for basic crops (excluding tobacco) at 82.5-90% of parity and authorized a CCC reserve for foreign and domestic relief.
	www.cnie.org /nle/crsreports/agriculture/ag-60.cfm?&CFID=17415655&CFTOKEN=67934001&CFID=17415655&CFTOKEN=67934001&CFID=2409869&CFTOKEN=67943276 (2592 words)

	CRS Report: 96-900 - Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-98 - NLE
		Agricultural Adjustment Act Amendment of 1935 (P.L. signed August 24, 1935, gave the President authority to impose quotas when imports interfered with agricultural adjustment programs; Section 32 of the law also permanently appropriated 30% of all customs receipts to expand exports and domestic usage of surplus commodities.
		Agricultural Act of 1949 (P.L. signed October31, 1949, makes up the major part of permanent commodity legislation (along with the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938) and is still effective in an amended form.
		Agricultural Act of 1954 (P.L. signed August 28, 1954, established a flexible price support beginning in 1955 for basic crops (excluding tobacco) at 82.5-90% of parity and authorized a CCC reserve for foreign and domestic relief.
	www.ncseonline.org /nle/crsreports/agriculture/ag-60.cfm (2592 words)

	Agricultural Adjustment Administration on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ADMINISTRATION [Agricultural Adjustment Administration] (AAA), former U.S. government agency established (1933) in the Dept. of Agriculture under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 as part of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal program.
		The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 empowered the AAA in years of good crops to make loans to farmers on staple crop yields and to store the surplus produce, which it could then release in years of low yield.
		It was renamed (1942) the Agricultural Adjustment Agency, and in 1945 its functions were taken over by the Production and Marketing Administration.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/AgrA1dj.asp (498 words)

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		Filburn, an Ohio farmer, sued the Secretary of Agriculture, Wickard, to enjoin enforcement of the penalties, claiming that control of agriculture was reserved to the states.
		In July of 1940, pursuant to the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as then amended, there were established for the appellee's 1941 crop a wheat acreage allotment of 11.1 acres and a normal yield of 20.1 bushels of wheat an acre.
		The general scheme of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as related to wheat is to control the volume moving in interstate and foreign commerce in order to avoid surpluses and shortages and the consequent abnormally low or high wheat prices and obstructions to commerce.
	homepages.udayton.edu /~alexanrs/361Wick.html (1726 words)

	[No title]
		Under the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000, producers of wheat, oats, and barley in the 2001 crop year, on a farm with a production flexibility contract who graze the acreage, could receive a payment under the same terms and conditions as a producer who harvested a crop and applied for a loan deficiency payment.
		Under provisions of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000, for the 2000 crop year only, producers growing a contract commodity on a farm with no Agricultural Market Transition Act contract were eligible for loan deficiency payments subject to the same terms and conditions as a farm with a contract.
		Under provisions of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, the 16 commodities eligible for nonrecourse marketing assistance loans were wheat, corn, grain sorghum, barley, oats, soybeans, minor oilseeds (flaxseed, oil-type sunflowerseed, other-type sunflowerseed, canola, rapeseed, safflowerseed, and mustard seed), rice, upland cotton, and extra-long staple cotton.
	agglossary.uaex.edu /viewLGlossary1.asp (6457 words)

	Agricultural Adjustment Administration - Britannica Concise
		Agricultural Revolution - Gradual transformation of the traditional agricultural system that began in Britain in the 18th century.
		Agricultural Adjustment Administration - in American history, major New Deal program to restore agricultural prosperity by curtailing farm production, reducing export surpluses, and raising prices.
		The Agricultural Adjustment Act (May 1933) was an omnibus farm-relief bill embodying the schemes of the major national farm organizations.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9354752 (467 words)

	Agricultural Adjustment Administration - Conservapedia
		While the AAA was paying out hundreds of millions to kill millions of hogs, burn oats, plow under cotton, the Department of Agriculture issued a bulletin falsely telling the nation that the great problem of the times was a failure to produce enough food to provide the people with a mere subsistence diet.
		The AAA was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in the case United States v.
		This second AAA was funded from general taxation, and therefore acceptable to the Supreme Court.
	www.conservapedia.com /Agricultural_Adjustment_Administration (850 words)

	The Voice of Agriculture - American Farm Bureau
		The 1938 act continued the SCS payments and principles, authorized acreage allotments by counties supervised by farmers, CCC loans up to 75 percent of parity prices on a sliding scale depending upon production, provisions for restrictions on marketing in years of serious overproduction and penalties for farmers not staying within their quotas.
		Agriculture Secretary Henry Wallace said farm production controls would be needed to meet the challenges of the war in Europe and at the same time to prepare for the changes that would come when peace returned.
		Parity based agricultural loans on basic farm commodities, still a part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, as amended in 1938, were due to expire at the end of 1948.
	www.fb.org /index.php?fuseaction=about.history (7708 words)

	Agricultural Adjustment Administration. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		(AAA), former U.S. government agency established (1933) in the Dept. of Agriculture under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 as part of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal program.
		The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 empowered the AAA in years of good crops to make loans to farmers on staple crop yields and to store the surplus produce, which it could then release in years of low yield.
		It was renamed (1942) the Agricultural Adjustment Agency, and in 1945 its functions were taken over by the Production and Marketing Administration.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ag/AgrAdj.html (287 words)

	Chapter 4: Crisis and Activism: 1929-1940
		The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929 was endorsed by President Hoover as a substitute for the proposal to increase the domestic price level for the major export crops relative to the world level.
		Under authority of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, large quantities of surplus food were distributed to needy households and to school lunch programs.
		In some ways, the Bankhead-Jones Act was an extension of the earlier Purnell Act of 1925 which had expanded the scope of agricultural research to include investigation of the social and economic problems associated with agriculture.
	www.access.gpo.gov /congress/senate/sen_agriculture/ch4.html (2973 words)

	Agricultural Adjustment Act
		The intent of the AAA was to restore the purchasing power of American farmers to pre-World War I levels.
		AAA controlled the supply of seven "basic crops" — corn, wheat, cotton, rice, peanuts, tobacco, and milk — by offering payments to farmers in return for farmers not planting those crops.
		AAA paid farmers not to grow crops and not to produce dairy produce such as milk and butter.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1639.html (680 words)

	U.S. Department of Labor - A Summary of Major DOL Laws
		The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act regulates the hiring and employment activities of agricultural employers, farm labor contractors, and associations using migrant and seasonal agricultural workers.
		The Act has special child-labor regulations that apply to agricultural employment; children under 16 are forbidden to work during school hours and in certain jobs deemed too dangerous.
		The Immigration and Nationality Act requires employers who want to use foreign temporary workers on H-2A visas to get a labor certificate from the Employment and Training Administration certifying that there are not sufficient, able, willing and qualified U.S. workers available to do the work.
	www.dol.gov /opa/aboutdol/lawsprog.htm (1751 words)

	Find an Agriculture Law Lawyer Today
		The United States Department of Agriculture is a central federal department that was first created to provide American farmers with a source of knowledge about farming and was meant to be a resource that farmers could turn to, to receive general information.
		The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was drafted in 1933 by Henry Wallace, Franklin D. Roosevelt's Secretary of Agriculture.
		The AAA paid farmers not to grow crops and not to produce dairy produce such as milk and butter or to raise pigs and lambs.
	www.pickalawyer.com /Agriculture-Law.htm (656 words)

	[No title]
		For tobacco, the farm acreage allotment for the respective kind of tobacco, if in the current year or either of the two preceding years the sum of theplanted and considered planted acreage of such kind of tobacco was as much as 75 percent of the farm acreage allotment.
		A provision in food and agricultural legislation that permits a foreclosed producer-borrower to remain in the principal residence on the farm even though the land is repossessed.
		The Act amended the Federal Meat Inspection Act by requiring that all meat inspected by the Food Safety and Inspection Service for use as human food be produced from livestock slaughtered by humane methods in accordance with the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1958.
	agglossary.uaex.edu /viewHGlossary1.asp (5540 words)

	U.S. v. BUTLER
		As the present depressed state of agriculture is nation wide in its extent and effects, there is no basis for saying that the expenditure of public money in aid of farmers is not within the specifically granted power of Congress to levy taxes to 'provide for the...
		Although the Agricultural Adjustment Act was put into operation in June, 1933, the official reports of the Department of Agriculture show that 6,343,000 acres of productive cotton land, 14 per cent.
		The Report of the Department of Agriculture on the administration of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (February 15, 1934 to December 31, 1934), p.
	www.tourolaw.edu /PATCH/Butler/Stone.asp (2695 words)

	Brock v. Superior Court (1937) 9 C2d 291
		Section 1 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act declares that there exists a state and national emergency productive of widespread agricultural collapse, vitally affecting the public welfare; and that it is the policy of the state to cooperate with and assist the national government in promoting the rehabilitation of agriculture.
		Section 2 states the purposes of the act, among them being the restoration of farm prices to a level which will give a purchasing power equivalent to that during the period of 1909 to 1914, and the elimination of waste resulting from overproduction, disorderly marketing and unfair methods of competition.
		655, the federal district court in Massachusetts held that the entire Agricultural Adjustment Act fell as a result of the Butler case; but the opposite conclusion was later reached by the federal district court in California in a subsequent hearing in the case of United States v.
	online.ceb.com /calcases/C2/9C2d291.htm (2437 words)

	Farm Bill Glossary Definitions, The National Agricultural Law Center
		This law, along with the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, makes up the major part of permanent legislation that is still effective in amended form.
		The Act amended permanent legislation the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 and the Agricultural Act of 1949 for the 1986 through 1990 crop years.
		The Act provided direct payments to producers of cotton, rice, feed grains, and wheat that were independent of market prices, and expanded planting flexibility opportunities.
	www.nationalaglawcenter.org /assets/farmbills/glossary.html (1134 words)

	AAA, the Agricultural Adjustment Act & Administration
		One of the first to be introduced and enacted was the AAA, the Agricultural Adjustment Act.
		AAA controlled the supply of seven "basic crops" – corn, wheat, cotton, rice, peanuts, tobacco and milk – by offering payments to farmers in return for taking some of their land out of farming, not planting a crop.
		The AAA did not end the Depression and drought, but the legislation remained the basis for all farm programs in the following 70 years of the 20th Century.
	www.livinghistoryfarm.org /farminginthe30s/water_11.html (319 words)

	[No title]
		As authorizedby the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, the USDA was mandated to establish a recourse loantransition program beginning January 1, 2001.
		Authorized by the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2001, the DRA is a federal-state partnership serving a 236-county area in the eight-state lower Mississippi River region.
		The Act was passed in recognition of the limited application of the 1862 Homestead Act.
	agglossary.uaex.edu /viewDGlossary1.asp (9779 words)

	The Agricultural Adjustment Act, approved May 12, 1933.
		And whereas, in order, effectively and efficiently, to carry out the provisions of said acts it is expedient and necessary that a corporation be organized with such powers and functions as may be necessary to accomplish the purposes of said acts.
		The Secretary of Agriculture and the Governor of the Farm Credit Administration are hereby authorized and directed to cause said corporation to be formed, with such articles or certificate of incorporation and bylaws, which they shall deem requisite and necessary to define the methods by which said corporation shall conduct its business.
		The Secretary of Agriculture and the Governor of the Farm Credit Administration are authorized and directed to subscribe for all of said capital stock for the use and benefit of the United States.
	www.conservativeusa.org /eo/1933/eo6340.htm (559 words)

	American Experience \| The Presidents \| Franklin D. Roosevelt \| PBS
		I want, for a moment, to emphasize that word "adjustment." It is almost a forgotten word just as some of you, once upon a time, were forgotten men.
		I think it is your duty and mine to continue to educate the people of this country to the fact that adjustment means not only adjustment downward but adjustment upward.
		It you and I agree on a correct figure for a normal carryover in a basic crop, it means that if we have a bumper crop one year we will, by mutual consent, reduce the next year's crop in order to even up that carryover.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/presidents/32_f_roosevelt/psources/ps_aaaspeech.html (1564 words)

	Federal Emergency Relief Act \| Your reference guide for Federal Emergency Relief Act and more. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The great experiment of the Federal Emergency Relief Act had implications that went beyond its immediate purpose: it challenged directly the deep-seated conviction that the relief of poverty was a...
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		ACT community services were forced to turn away more than 13,000 people seeking help last financial year, unable to cope with a significant increase in demand for such needs as housing assistance, legal services and emergency relief, according to a new report.
	www.pajournal.com /Emergencies/federalemergencyreliefact (1458 words)

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