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Topic: Agricultural revolution

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	Neolithic Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term Neolithic Revolution was first coined in the 1920s by Vere Gordon Childe to describe the first in a series of agricultural revolutions to have punctuated human history.
		The agricultural revolution was inspired, in part, by the spreading of domesticated plants and animals and the growth of complex societies.
		Hodder believes that the Neolithic revolution was the result of a revolutionary change in the human psychology, a "revolution of symbols" which led to new beliefs about the world and shared community rituals embodied in corpulent female figurines and the methodical assembly of aurochs horns.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neolithic_Revolution (2118 words)

	Industrial Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Industrial Revolution was the major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture.
		The causes of the Industrial Revolution were complex and remain a topic for debate, with some historians seeing the Revolution as an outgrowth of social and institutional changes wrought by the end of feudalism in Great Britain after the English Civil War in the 17th century.
		This "second" Industrial Revolution gradually grew to include the chemical industries, petroleum refining and distribution, electrical industries, and, in the twentieth century, the automotive industries, and was marked by a transition of technological leadership from Great Britain to the United States and Germany.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Industrial_Revolution (6254 words)

	Encyclopedia: British Agricultural Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The British Agricultural Revolution describes a period of agricultural development in Britain between the 16th century and the mid-19th century, which saw a massive increase in agricultural productivity and net output.
		The British agricultural revolution is the name ascribed to a series of developments in agricultural practices in Britain somewhere between the Middle Ages and the mid-19th century which resulted in a massive increase in productivity and agricultural output.
		In the 16th and 17th centuries, the practice of enclosure was denounced by the Church, and legislation was drawn up against it; but the developments in agricultural mechanization during the 18th century required large, enclosed fields in order to be workable.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/British-Agricultural-Revolution (589 words)

	Reviews in History: Agricultural Revolution in England - The Transformation of the Agrarian Economy 1500-1850
		These indicate that the non- agricultural population rose from under a quarter of the whole in 1520 to as much as 45 per cent by 1700, and to as high as nearly 64 per cent by 1801.
		According to Wrigley's figures the non- agricultural population was already nearly a half of the total in 1700, and as a proportion of the whole had grown by some 90 per cent sine 1520.
		To repeat, Agricultural Revolution in England is a compact study primarily intended for students, and some of the material is presented at an elementary level.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/mingay.html (1780 words)

	EH.R: Forum: Agricultural Revolution
		This is remarkable given that there was no connection between the events of the two revolutions, the one founded on the mechanical innovations of a bright few artisans in textiles in the north west, the other on the small scale improvements of literally hundreds of thousands of farmers throughout the land.
		Instead it was compelled by the failure of agriculture to increase output in line with population, which led to huge imports of food and raw materials from abroad, and from the domestic coal industry.
		British agriculture did produce a lot more food in 1850 than in 1770, but it did so in part by reducing its output per head of the population of wood for building and fuel, of fiber and dyes for clothing, and of fodder for horses.
	www.eh.net /pipermail/eh.res/1998-November/001590.html (917 words)

	A BRIEF EXCURSION INTO THREE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first agricultural revolution and the associated dawn of civilization apparently coincided with the warming of the earth centered around 5-6000 years ago, Fig.
		With agriculture, a whole new set of conditions came into being, generally associated with the dawn of civilization, Table 2, and a new criterion of determining yield was established.
		Agricultural implements initially may have been weapons which served a secondary purpose as a tool to scratch the surface.
	climate.umn.edu /doc/journal/kuehnast_lecture/l4-txt.htm (4884 words)

	The Agricultural Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Crisis in agriculture is a chronic symptom of the type of agriculture we have been promoting in this country for the past fifty years.
		An industrial agriculture is said to be efficient, but the enormous costs it imposes on the environment and on people in rural communities are not counted.
		Agriculture ultimately must sustain a desirable quality of life for people — on farms, in rural communities, and in the cities — not the corporate bottom line.
	www.ssu.missouri.edu /Faculty/JIkerd/papers/revolution.html (1616 words)

	BBC - History - Agricultural Revolution in England 1500 - 1850 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		From the 16th century onwards, an essentially organic agriculture was gradually replaced by a farming system that depended on energy-intensive inputs.
		For many years the agricultural revolution in England was thought to have occurred because of three major changes: the selective breeding of livestock; the removal of common property rights to land; and new systems of cropping, involving turnips and clover.
		They are thought to have single-handedly, in a few years, transformed English agriculture from a peasant subsistence economy to a thriving capitalist agricultural system, capable of feeding the teeming millions in the new industrial cities.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/society_culture/industrialisation/agricultural_revolution_01.shtml (432 words)

	THE STATE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2003-2004 1
		National agricultural research capacity was a critical determinant of the availability and accessibility of Green Revolution agricultural technologies, and this remains true today for new biotechnologies.
		The Green Revolution defied the conventional wisdom that agricultural technology does not travel well because it is either agroclimatically specific, as in the case of biological technology, or sensitive to relative factor prices, as with mechanical technology (Byerlee and Traxler, 2002).
		Accelerated agricultural progress is the best safety net against hunger and poverty, because in most developing countries over 70 percent of the population depend on agriculture for their livelihood.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/Y5160E/y5160e08.htm (5846 words)

	EH.R:Forum:Agricultural Revolution
		Moreover, whether or not you consider the eighteenth century to be an 'Agricultural Revolution', there were a number of quantitatively important changes occuring in England which had not occured previously and which were not occuring anywhere else at that time.
		His paragraph then focuses on the fact that UK agriculture did not maintain its level of output per head of population, and he argues that this somehow 'required' labour to move into the industrial sector.
		Suppose that labour markets were functioning properly (ie wages changed in agriculture and industry competitively in response to changes in the demand and supply of labour; and workers changed sectors in order to maximise their utility, in which wage was a primary argument).
	www.eh.net /pipermail/eh.res/1998-November/001601.html (3553 words)

	Truth About Trade & Technology - The Future of Genetically Modified Crops: Lessons from the Green Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The world is now on the cusp of a new agricultural revolution, the so-called Gene Revolution, in which genetically modified (GM) crops are tailored to address chronic agricultural problems in certain regions of the world.
		The authors compare the Green Revolution of the 20th century with the GM crop movement to assess the agricultural, technological, sociological, and political differences between the two movements.
		We compare the Green Revolution and the current GM crop movement in four basic areas: science and technology, funding sources, where the movement occurred or is occurring, and the policies and political motivations surrounding each movement.
	www.truthabouttrade.org /article.asp?id=2422 (1817 words)

	The Agricultural Revolution
		The Agricultural Revolution occurred between 1750 and 1900 when the way in which farmers produced food in this country changed.
		As the country went through the Industrial Revolution though it was necessary to increase the amount of food grown.
		It can be argued that there was no Agricultural Revolution as the changes in farming were gradual.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /agriculturalrevolution.htm (253 words)

	Development Report No.14: Cuba's New Agricultural Revolution: The Transformation of Food Crop Production in ...
		Finally, the agricultural transformation underway in Cuba today will be situated within a larger discussion of the transformation processes that have been set in motion in a variety of socialist, or formerly socialist, countries, with the goal of highlighting the similarities and differences between the Cuban case and the others.
		Given the fact that agricultural labor is harder on workers than most other types of jobs and continues to have a low status, it is not surprising that potential laborers chose other options and farmers were forced to provide extra incentives to insure their labor needs were met.
		In the 1990s, with high input agriculture confronting serious limitations due to shortages of supplies, and lower input approaches being best suited for smaller-sized farms, scaling-down the size of production and increasing the link between the farmer and the land have come to be seen as important means of alleviating the agricultural crisis.
	www.foodfirst.org /pubs/devreps/dr14.html (12693 words)

	The Chicken & the Egg, or, Hierarchy Formation & the Agricultural Revolution » The Anthropik Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Famines are characteristic of agriculture, not foragers; but there is evidence for inclement conditions at the time of the Agricultural Revolution.
		Whereas agriculture would be a terrible idea for an overly-large population, or a group otherwise facing frank malnutrition, such an investment of food for the future would be quite reasonable for a group in the midst of a temporary time of plenty—particularly when inclement conditions assured such prosperity would not last.
		Agriculture began with Big Men persuading others to intensify cultivation, and they used language to do it, which developed as part of tool use, which we used to be better scavengers, so the cause of civilization is scavenging!
	anthropik.com /2005/04/the-chicken-and-the-egg (4298 words)

	Agricultural History
		Eventually, people decided that life would be a lot easier if they always had the animals with them and if edible plants or their produce were always available.
		It is a vast, fertile expanse ideal for primitive agriculture.
		In some areas, such as Madagascar, slash and burn agriculture is still practiced and the land is becoming less and less fertile.
	schoolscience.rice.edu /duker/garden/gardenhis.html (1196 words)

	Agricultural Revolution in England - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This book is the first available survey of English agriculture between 1500 and 1850.
		It combines new evidence with recent findings from the specialist literature, to argue that the agricultural revolution took place in the century after 1750.
		He then argues that the agricultural revolution consisted of two related transformations.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521568595&print=y (252 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: American History (1994): Chapter Seven: Revolution in Agriculture(5/11)
		The revolution in agriculture -- paralleling that in manufacturing after the Civil War -- involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming, and from subsistence to commercial agriculture.
		Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.
		Congress subsequently appropriated funds for the creation of agricultural experiment stations throughout the country and also granted funds directly to the Department of Agriculture for research purposes.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/H/1994/ch7_p5.htm (565 words)

	Global Politician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The EU is forced to revamp its costly agricultural policies and attendant bloated bureaucracy.
		Small wonder he was whistled down by irate Polish parliamentarians in an address to a joint session of the parliamentary committees for agriculture and European integration in the Sejm.
		Their ministers of finance, foreign affairs and of agriculture, parliamentary deputies in their finance and farm committees - all issued and issue common statements, position papers, briefings and memoranda of understanding.
	globalpolitician.com /articledes.asp?ID=918&cid=3&sid=7 (1949 words)

	Book chronicles 'agricultural revolution' of 20th century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Don Paarlberg, a professor emeritus from Purdue's Department of Agricultural Economics, and his nephew, Philip Paarlberg, an ag economist in the same department, say farming practices and machinery advanced dramatically in the past century.
		"The Agricultural Revolution of the 20th Century" is published by Iowa State University Press.
		Review copies of "The Agricultural Revolution of the 20th Century" are available from Iowa State University Press at (515) 292-0140 ext.
	www.purdue.edu /UNS/html4ever/0010.Paarlberg.book.html (498 words)

	Read about Agricultural revolution at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Agricultural revolution and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term is quite vague, however, and many claims of revolutionary change are contested by some economic historians.
		Origins of agriculture - (perhaps 10000 years ago) - forms the basis for human civilization to develop.
		Green Revolution (1945-) use of industrial fertilizers and new crops greatly increases the world's agricultural output.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Agricultural_revolution (115 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Agricultural Revolution is the term used to describe the transition from nomadic hunting and gathering societies to settled agrarian societies.
		Taken as a whole, from start to finish, the transition certainly was a revolution in the entirety of changes it brought in the way people lived.
		For generation after generation, the people who lived through the Agricultural Revolution and made it happen had no idea they were part of anything like a revolution.
	www.ualberta.ca /~vmitchel/rev2.html (735 words)

	NEH 2000 Summer Seminar - Andrew Angus-Smith's Paper
		The lives of most students, and most teachers, are now so removed from rural life that Agriculture and the Agricultural Revolution is now taught merely as a piece of colourful background or as a quick precursor to industrialization.
		Time constraints in our school and college courses have killed the study of agriculture - which is a tremendous loss as it is important to teach it, simple to teach it, and fun to teach it.
		I enjoy teaching the Agricultural Revolution because it feels different every time I do it, largely as a result of the students' personalities and contributions.
	www.umassd.edu /ir/aangussmith/Teaching_the_Ag.html (1642 words)

	The agricultural revolution (from Central Africa) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "The agricultural revolution (from Central Africa)" when you join.
		The inability of France to feed its huge peasant population was a leading cause of the French Revolution.
		Underlying the American Revolution were unresolved abuses by the British Parliament and Crown, as specified in the Declaration of Independence.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-40635 (935 words)

	The Agricultural Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Agricultural Revolution represents perhaps the greatest transition that humanity has ever experienced.
		This is because the Agricultural Revolution - for better or for worse - unleashed changes that one may argue brought out the best and worst of humanity’s potential.
		After we have explored the evidence presented and established a general understanding of the agricultural revolution we will end with a debate and evaluate whether the Agricultural Revolution represented a positive or negative transition for humanity.
	www.4j.lane.edu /~gallo_d/globalhistory/agricultural (260 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : The Agricultural Revolution : The Seed Drill
		Up until this period, farmers planted the seeds for cereal crops by carrying the seeds in a bag and walking up and down the field throwing or broadcasting the seed.
		Jethro Tull was born in Basildon, Berkshire in 1674.
		Although his Seed Drill was improved in 1782 by adding gears to the distribution mechanism, the rotary mechanism of the drill provided the foundation for all future sowing technology.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/IR/004f.html (494 words)

	Published by Liberia Analyst Corporation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Previous agricultural production schemes such as the Green Revolution Program under President Doe and the Green Revolution Program under President Tolbert’s five to ten years food self-sufficiency plan yielded limited or no tangible results in easing Liberia’s dependency on foreign nations for the supply of rice, the national staple.
		I believe that agricultural production is the lifeline Liberia and every national leader in the new Liberia would do well to make agricultural production a national priority.
		Our nation has the soil and natural habitats for ample agricultural activities leading to a reasonable, safe and plentiful food supplies, clothing and shelter, poultries, plants, and animals, and natural resources for recreation, companionship and aesthetic value.
	www.analystnewspaper.com /environmentalissues.htm (2099 words)

	Agricultural Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Agricultural And Industrial Revolution The agricultural and industrial revolutions greatly changed daily life in Europe.
		The agricultural revolution created a widespread social misery of its own when small fields were converted into large farms.
		The agricultural revolution enabled farmers to produce high yields on their lands.
	www.radessays.com /link.php?site=re&aff=r2c2&dest=viewpaper.php?request=83081 (176 words)

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