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Topic: Agriculture of Imperial Russia

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	Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Early East Slavs constituted the bulk of the population in Western Russia from the 7th century onwards and slowly assimilated the native Finno-Ugric tribes, such as the Merya, the Muromians and the Meshchera.
		Russia saw its comparatively developed centrally planned economy contract severely for five years, as the executive and the legislature dithered over the implementation of reforms and Russia's aging industrial base faced a serious decline.
		Population is densest in the European part of Russia, in the Ural Mountains area, and in the south-western parts of Siberia; the south-eastern part of Siberia that meets the Pacific Ocean, known as the Russian Far East, is sparsely populated, with its southern part being densest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russia (6312 words)

	RUSSIA
		The Varangians/Russes got to Russia through their technology, the sailing ships that could actually take them to Greenland; but they came to rule the area through forms of large scale political organization that may have been rudimentary compared to Francia and Romania, but were beyond anything seen previously east of Moravia.
		Russia would then always be hindered by autocratic government that alternatively smothered dissent and innovation and then, alarmed at the backwardness of the country, attempted to impose top-down reforms and development -- which then would be resisted by a national conservatism that the government in its phase of being threatened by change would have loved.
		Russia was as weary of war as a country could be, but the Provisional Government decided to stay in the war against Germany.
	www.friesian.com /russia.htm (8979 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Russia
		The boundaries of Russia are: on the north, the Arctic Ocean; on the west, Sweden, Norway, the Baltic Sea, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Rumania; on the south, the Black Sea, Turkey, Persia, the Caspian Sea; Afghanistan, and China; on the east, the Pacific Ocean.
		Russia shares the possession of the Baltic Sea with Sweden, Germany, and Denmark, and its waters have been the highway of Russian commerce since the time of Peter the Great, although their shores are rugged and reefs numerous.
		Russia is a great agricultural nation; three-quarters of its population derive their support from the soil, which furnishes the most important resources of the country.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13231c.htm (19658 words)

	The Avalon Project : Modern Customs and Ancient Laws of Russia - Lecture VI
		The prevalence in ancient Russia of the same rude and elementary mode of farming is established by numerous charters and contracts, some of which are as late as the end of the seventeenth century, whilst others go back to the beginning of the sixteenth.
		The peasant who chose to settle on the land of a manorial lord got the grant of a homestead in addition to that of land, and this was the origin of a sort of house-rent called the projivnoe, which as a rule amounted yearly to the fourth part of the value of the homestead.
		Capital was invested in land; agricultural machines were introduced; the yearly income began to rise rapidly, and with it the value of the land was augmented.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/econ/koval6.htm (7705 words)

	Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Imperial Palace in Tokyo is the primary residence of the Emperor]] Japan's head of state is the Emperor, but under the current constitution he performs only ceremonial duties and holds no real power, not even emergency reserve powers.
		The Imperial Household Law of 1947 limits succession to males: since neither of the former Emperor Hirohito's sons have a direct male descendant, some public and parliament members perceive Chrysanthemum Throne continuity to be in jeopardy despite a line of succession seven levels deep.
		The Japanese population is rapidly aging, the effect of a post-war baby boom followed by a decrease in births as the country modernised in the latter part of the 20th century (notable aspects including the shift from agricultural to urban lifestyles and the increasing tendency for women to remain in the workplace).
	japan.ask.dyndns.dk (4339 words)

	Commanding Heights : Russia Overview \| on PBS
		1910-1913: Imperial Russia is the largest state territory on earth, with the largest population in Europe and the world's biggest army.
		It is Europe's chief source of agricultural exports, and with rich mineral resources, the chief recipient of foreign investment.
		Russia descends into a three-year civil war between the "red" Bolsheviks and the "white" counterrevolutionary armies for control of the former empire.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/ru/ru_overview.html (927 words)

	Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Russia is widely accepted as the Soviet Union's successor state in diplomatic affairs.
		Revolutionary activity in Russia began with the Decembrist Revolt, uncovered in 1825, and although serfdom was abolished in 1861, its abolition was achieved on terms unfavorable to the peasants and served to encourage revolutionaries.
		Crises in the agricultural sector reaped catastrophic consequences in the 1930s, when collectivization met widespread resistance from the kulaks, resulting in a bitter struggle of many peasants against the authorities, famine, and between 5-10 millions of deaths, particularly in Ukraine, but also in the Volga River area and Kazakhstan.
	soviet-union.ask.dyndns.dk (4275 words)

	Commanding Heights : Russia \| on PBS
		Russia's colossal debt, owed to international creditors, is wiped out when the regime refuses to recognize the debts of the tsar.
		Agriculture and light industries lag, and food and essentials remain in short supply.
		Russia hopes to join the WTO and takes an important step in that direction when the European Union and U.S. both recognize it as a market economy.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/ru/ru_full.html (6884 words)

	Russian geography and history: Imperial Russia
		Russia's great power status obscured the inefficiency of its government, the isolation of its people, and its economic backwardness.
		Since playing a major role in the defeat of Napoleon, Russia had been regarded as militarily invincible, but the reverses it suffered on land and sea in the Crimean War exposed the decay and weakness of Tsar Nicholas' regime.
		Russia was paralyzed, and the government was desperate.
	www.guidetorussia.org /geopolitics/imperial-russia.shtml (2719 words)

	California - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		California's mountain ranges influence the climate as well: moisture-laden air from the west cools as it ascends the mountains, dropping moisture; some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes.
		In this period, some nobles of Imperial Russia made brief attempts to explore and claim parts of California, particularly at Fort Ross, but these were limited by a lack of Imperial interest.
		California was poorly settled until modern public health eliminated the endemic outbreaks of yellow fever, malaria and plague, caused from the area’s lack of frosts, which kills mosquitoes and fleas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/California (7156 words)

	Russia - Photos, Maps, Videos, Flags, Facts, More -- National Geographic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Heartland of the former Soviet Union, Russia is today a democratic federation, with ethnic groups such as the Tatars and Bashkirs politically represented in their own autonomous republics.
		Russia entered the 20th century as enormous and imperial.
		Russia seeks to protect these minorities, maintain its economic influence on resources (like oil), and confront separatism at home (as in Chechnya).
	plasma.nationalgeographic.com /places/countries/country_russia.html (564 words)

	W4343: Imperial Russia
		Rose from obscure origins to become extremely wealthy statesman and field marshal, and later ruled Russia during the reign of Catherine I and the minority of Peter II.
		He also wrote a history of Russia and altered the character of Russian prosody by adopting tonic versification in his poetry.
		Later one of the senior guards infantry regiments in the Imperial Army was named the Preobrazhensky.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/history/wortman/courseref.html (4409 words)

	Imperial Government of Russia Nicolas Railroad - 1869
		The first two steam railway locomotives built in Russia were made by E. Cherepanov and his son M. Cherepanov, both of whom were serf mechanics at the Demidov factories in the Urals at Nizhnii Tagil in Perm Province.
		Von Gestner requested extensive concessions for his work, including a twenty- year monopoly on railway-building in Russia, the creation of a stock company which would be ceded land for inns on a strip a mile wide bordering the lines, and land for factories four miles wide.
		Although he advertised for both rails and undercarriages to be made in Russia, no manufacturers were set up to build the quantities he needed in the short time frame he allowed, and so von Gerstner was forced to buy it all from foreign manufacturers.
	www.scripophily.net /imgovofrusni.html (4191 words)

	NEAS - Resources, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Russia is important to world energy markets because it holds the world\'s largest natural gas reserves, the second largest coal reserves, and the eighth largest oil reserves.
		Eastern Destiny: Russia in Asia and the North Pacific, March, Patrick G. Eastern Destiny: Russia in Asia and the North Pacific is the history of a remarkable eastern expansion under tsars, emperors, and commissars.
		Russia from the emancipation of the serfs to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
	neas.miis.edu /resources-russia.html (8335 words)

	IMPERIAL RUSSIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Historiography of Imperial Russia: The Profession and Writing of History in a Multinational State.
		Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Russian History.
		Lord and Peasant in Russia from the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century.
	www.history.uiuc.edu /areas/russia/Russiaprelimbio.htm (2776 words)

	Imperial Russia - Research Guide
		Work was translated on a volume-for-volume basis and articles are arranged within each volume according to the English form of the entry.
		Russia and the Armenians of Transcaucasia, 1797-1889 : a documentary record.
		On the corruption of morals in Russia / [by] Prince M. Shcherbatov; edited and translated [from the Russian] with an introduction and notes by A. Lentin.
	gethelp.library.upenn.edu /guides/hist/imperialrussia.html (1959 words)

	Russia, Victory Day, Imperialism - JRL 5-6-05
		Commenting on a publication in one influential Western newspaper, which alleged that Russian imperial and strategic ambitions would be again displayed on May 9, Kozhin said in a Rossia TV Channel interview that it was very difficult to agree with this opinion.
		He also expressed confidence that the event would not be limited to festivities and the president had promised this.
		In the opinion of Kozhin, the involvement of a great number of foreign delegations in the V-Day holiday in Moscow is an international recognition of Russia's current status.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/9141-18.cfm (382 words)

	Category:Imperial Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are 14 subcategories shown below (more may be shown on subsequent pages).
		Prisons and detention centres of Russia and Soviet Union
		Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Imperial_Russia (80 words)

	H-Net Review: Theodore R. Weeks on Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire
		In a similar vein, Steven Hoch in his essay "The Serf Economy, the Peasant Family, and the Social Order," insists that such long-maligned institutions of the Russian agricultural economy as the peasant commune and "peasant patriarchy" were in fact reasonable responses to a harsh and unpredictable climate.
		Hoch argues that agricultural output in Russia was in fact higher and the rate of poverty and famine in Russia lower than generally presumed.
		At the end of the essay one is left, however, with the nagging question: if agriculture in Russia was indeed in relatively good health, then why did the "land question" and perceptions of peasant poverty play such a great role in Russian political and social thought in the second half of the nineteenth century?
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=5845924881113 (1524 words)

	Collect Russia Excellence in Socialist Agriculture /similar to "Avers 2", fig 160/. Soviet Russian
		Collect Russia Excellence in Socialist Agriculture /similar to "Avers 2", fig 160/.
		Excellence in Socialist Agriculture /similar to "Avers 2", fig 160/.
		In gilded brass, shows a tractor in the field with farm buildings and rising sun on the background; red flag at the top, and red plaque at the bottom.
	collectrussia.com /DISPITEM.HTM?ITEM=6106 (133 words)

	The Murder of Russia's Imperial Family, Appendix
		Wilton's examination of the tumultuous 1917-1919 period in Russia is his frank treatment of the critically important Jewish role in establishing the Bolshevik regime.
		"If the reader is astonished to find the Jewish hand everywhere in the affair of the assassination of the Russian Imperial family, he must bear in mind the formidable numerical preponderance of Jews in the Soviet administration," Wilton went on to write.
		Effective governmental power, Wilton continued (on pages 136-138 of the same edition) is in the Central Committee of the Bolshevik party.
	library.flawlesslogic.com /tsar_3.htm (889 words)

	History of Imperial Russia - Recommended Links
		Beyond the Pale: The History of Jews in Russia.
		Russian regions, churches, literature, culture and art, estates, agriculture and trades, are just some of the many topics covered.
		Back to course page for "History of Imperial Russia"
	it.stlawu.edu /~rkreuzer/imprus/rushist.htm (233 words)

	ARSC: Association for Recorded Sound Collections
		Towers recorded the now-famous Duke [Ellington] at Fargo 1940 concert, which was released in 2000, in a special 60th anniversary CD edition.
		Beginning in the 1940s he wrote--alone and with others--numerous singer discographies, many of which were published in Recorded Sound and The Record Collector.
		One of his last major projects was the 15-CD set "Singers of Imperial Russia" for Pearl Records.
	www.arsc-audio.org /awards.html (4437 words)

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