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Topic: Agudat Israel of Israel

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	Background Notes Archive - Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Israel and the PLO subsequently signed the Gaza-Jericho Agreement on May 4, 1994, and the Agreement on Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities on August 29, 1994, which began the process of transferring authority from Israel to the Palestinians.
		Israel and the Palestinians did agree, however, in September 1997, to a four-part agenda to guide further negotiations: security cooperation in the fight against terror; further redeployments of Israeli forces; a "time-out" on unilateral actions that may prejudge the outcome of the permanent status talks; and acceleration of these talks.
		Israel also has trade and cooperation agreements in place with the European Union and Canada, and is seeking to conclude such agreements with a number of other countries, including Turkey and several countries in Eastern Europe.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/nea/israel9812.html (6168 words)

	Aguddat Israel
		In the early 20th century, Aguddat Israel ("the Israelite union") was established as the political arm of traditional Orthodoxy, representing a wide range of anti-modern branches who were not ready to accept the cultural openness of Hirsch's Neo-Orthodoxy.
		Active in the Aguddah were several Hasidic groups, alongside advocates of Lithuanian-style yeshivahs, and even a Labor wing that called for the establishment of strictly religious agricultural settlements in Palestine, outside the framework of the Zionist movement.
		In Israel they have represented the interests of the "ultra-Orthodox" constituency in the national parliament, the Knesset.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Politics/aguddat.html (483 words)

	"The Ultra-Orthodox in Israeli Politics" by Menachem Friedman
		In 1912, the world Agudat Israel organization was founded in the city of Katowice, in Eastern Prussia, uniting various Jewish groups that differed radically from one another in their respective perceptions of religious lifestyle and attitudes to modern culture.
		The resignation of Sephardim from Agudat Israel was not considered unjustified; it was accepted with understanding by Ashkenazi Haredi circles and sanctioned by the religious leadership.
		Lubavitcher Hassidim were never part of Agudat Israel and their leaders never belonged to the Council of Torah Greats; the Habad school system, from the outset, was part of the state-religious educational system (with internal autonomy) and not the independent system of Agudat Israel.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/vp104.htm (4056 words)

	Israel (05/06)
		Israel, having failed to finalize an agreement with Lebanon, withdrew most of its troops in June 1985 save for a residual force which remained in southern Lebanon to act as a buffer against attacks on northern Israel.
		Israel’s tech market is very developed, and in spite of the pause in the industry’s growth, the high-tech sector is likely to be the major driver of the Israeli economy.
		Israel has diplomatic relations with nine non-Arab Muslim states and with 32 of the 43 Sub-Saharan states that are not members of the Arab League.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3581.htm (5923 words)

	ISRAEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The working movement in Israel is trying to improve the woman's status and position in society, but despite the objectively favourable conditions which exist in the kibbutz it has not succeeded in entirely solving the problem.
		Israel's national-religious holidays have acquired new significance in our day, and the kibbutz has been in the forefront of those seeking to give expression to this significance.
		(The total crop area in Israel amounted in the report year to 4.3 m dunams.) To appreciate the significance of these figures it should be borne in mind that the population of the kibbutzim represents only 3.5% of the country’s total Jewish inhabitants.
	www.geocities.com /claudeporter/ISRAEL_KIBBUTZ_1969.htm (10367 words)

	Making Israel a Light Unto the Nations: Conservative Zionism Reconsidered (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Israel stirs the emotions of secular and religious Jews alike, especially in moments of crisis...
		Hence the law admits to Israel the spouse, children, and grandchildren of a Jew, including their spouses, as long as they are not a member of another faith community.
		One thing is sure, the minions of Shas, Agudat Israel, Degel HaTorah, and even the National Religious party will not be deterred from advancing their cause openly and surreptitiously, no matter how tortured and protracted the reconciliation with the Palestinians may be.
	www.wzo.org.il /en/resources/view.asp?id=1645 (1907 words)

	passia
		The political class of Israel was surprised when in April 1984, the police arrested members of a Jewish terror group who were suspected of killing several students from the University of Hebron and of carrying out attacks against Palestinian mayors.
		If Israel did not claim Eretz Israel in its entirety, it would lose the justification for its existence within the 1948 borders, and if the Israelis do not raise claims over the entire country they are nothing but ordinary land thieves, quasi intruders that have become guilty of the dispersion of the indigenous population.
		Although the extreme nationalistic right wing in Israel had continuously drummed into their followers' heads that it was not allowed to kill a member of their own 'tribe', this taboo was broken as a result of the radicalization of the society.
	www.passia.org /publications/research_studies/peace/chapter5.html (9021 words)

	The Constitution of the State of Israel (1993)
		Although Israel does not have a single complete constitutional document, in its forty-five years of statehood the Jewish state has developed an operative constitution of its own, embodied in a set of written texts that reflect the political system on which the state is based, its social content, and an expanding constitutional tradition.
		Israel has been unable to adopt a constitution full blown, not because it does not share the new society understanding of constitution as fundamental law, but because of a conflict over what constitutes fundamental law within Israeli society.
		Israel is, in fact, formally committed to the adoption of a written constitution.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles/const-intro-93.htm (6537 words)

	CNN - Police prepare for possible violence at Israel rallies - February 14, 1999
		Menachem Porush, acting chairman of the Agudat Israel party and organizer of the ultra-Orthodox protest outside the Supreme Court, said the rally would be peaceful.
		Israel's secular majority is made up of a relatively small group which rejects all Jewish practice and ritual, and a larger portion that is sympathetic to Judaism, attending synagogue occasionally and celebrating Jewish holidays.
		Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu failed in a last ditch attempt on Saturday night to persuade ultra-Orthodox rabbis, some of them his own coalition partners, to cancel the mass anti-judiciary demonstration.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/meast/9902/14/israel.jews/index.html (700 words)

	The Foundation for Constitutional Democracy » Why Israel Needs A Constitution
		If it can be shown, however, that Israel’s political system — really a melange — is itself a fundamental cause of her internal crises, and that these crises enfeeble the country and magnify its external dangers, it would logically follow that Israel will not overcome her precarious situation without drastically changing her system of government.
		Bearing in mind that Israel is a unique case, nothing so weakens this country as the absence of a Legislature independent of the Executive, one whose members are directly accountable to the voters (and not simply to a party).
		Moreover, because Israel is perceived as a democracy, her Government is expected by the democratic world to make gratuitous concessions to Arab despots, indeed, to take “risks for peace— which no democratic government would dare ask of its people.
	foundation1.org /wp-en/2002/01/01/why-israel-needs-a-constitution-3 (5104 words)

	Israel Agudat Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		During the prestate period, Agudat Israel, founded in 1912, opposed both the ideology of Zionism and its political expression, the World Zionist Organization.
		The Council of Torah Sages, a panel of rabbis to which both religious and secular decisions had to be referred, contained representatives of each faction in Agudat Israel.
		Agudat Israel engaged in ultra-Orthodox educational and social welfare activities, as well as in immigrant absorption.
	www.country-studies.com /israel/agudat-israel.html (257 words)

	Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson --The American Israel Numismatic Association
		Within the sorrow at the passing of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, lies a deep and everlasting gratitude for all that he inspired and inspires in the lives of his followers and in his work.
		His picture hangs in the windshields of cab drivers, behind the counters of street corner pubs and fast food stands; his visage is tucked in the corner of barber shop mirrors, selflessly gazing back at patrons as they vainly examine their newly coiffed hair.
		When finally the children arrived safely in Israel, the Rebbe sent a communiqué: "When are you bringing the next flight?" he asked.
	amerisrael.com /article_rebbe.html (1069 words)

	Joel M. Hoffman, PhD: A Guide to Israel's Political Parties
		The Shas movement believes in the existence of the State of Israel as the state of the Jewish People, a state founded on the principles of democracy according to the Torah of Israel.
		Agudat Yisrael was represented in all of the Knessets, either as an independent parliamentary, or as part of a larger unified religious bloc.
		Agudat Yisrael participated in a number of parliamentary coalitions, but mostly was not represented by ministers in the government.
	exc.com /JoelHoffman/Resources/Israel2006-1.html (2824 words)

	Agudat Israel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When both parties joined the government coalition of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon in 2004 the UTJ union was broken due to rivalries.
		Agudat Israel supported Ariel Sharon's unilateral disengagement plan of 2005.
		Rabbis Meir Porush, Yaakov Litzman, and Yisroel Eichler, from the Hasidic courts of Ger and Belz have represented the party in Israel's Knesset recently.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agudat_Israel_of_Israel (568 words)

	Neturei Karta
		Nevertheless, Agudat Israel reevaluated its position upon the establishment of Israel and has been a participant in most governments since that time (though it still will not accept a ministerial portfolio as a result).
		This switch of allegiance by Agudat Israel caused a radical shift in the ideology of Neturei Karta, which felt betrayed by their Orthodox Allies.
		Their attacks against Israel and Zionism became all the more extreme, especially under the leadership of Rabbi Amram Blau and his wife, a convert and former member of the French Resistance, who had rescued Blau during the Holocaust.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/nk.html (930 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Shas - Israel
		Shas resulted in 1984 from allegations of Agudat Israel's inadequate representation of ultra-Orthodox Sephardim in the Council of Torah Sages, the party organization, and educational and social welfare institutions.
		It was far more anti-Arab than Agudat Israel and sought increased representation for its adherents in all government bodies, in Zionist institutions, and in the Jewish Agency.
		Despite its ethnic homogeneity, Shas was not immune from bitter infighting over the spoils of office, as shown by the rivalry between factions led by Rabbi Peretz and Rabbi Arieh Dari, leader of the party's apparatus, who remained director general of the Ministry of Interior until the National Unity Government's term ended in 1988.
	www.exploitz.com /Israel-Shas-cg.php (383 words)

	Israel Government Information
		From the founding of Israel in 1948 until the election of May 1977, Israel was ruled by successive coalition governments led by the Labor alignment or its constituent parties.
		Increased fighting in southern Lebanon, which also brought Katyusha rocket attacks against northern Israel, also raised tensions and weakened the government politically a month before the May 29 elections.
		Israel maintains an embassy in the United States at 3514 International Drive NW, Washington DC, 20008 (tel.
	www.traveldocs.com /il/govern.htm (1353 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Israel / Appendix B
		Nevertheless, Mapai became the dominant party in the Yishuv and later in Israel; after 1968 it was the dominant faction in the Labor Party.
		The joint Arab-Jewish party was established in 1984 and advocated the establishment of a Palestinian state alongside Israel.
		) and Poalei Agudat Israel (Workers' Society of Israel) to campaign in the 1955 and 1959 elections.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/israel/il_appnb.html (1743 words)

	History of orthodox Jewish opposition to Zionism and Israel
		According to Güdemann, the vocation of Israel lies in the spiritual impress that it has been able to put upon humanity and in its endeavor to further the Messianic time which shall conciliate nations to one another.
		Once the state was formed however, Agudat Yisrael has been quite happy to participate i the government and to accept government subsidies for its schools and
		Halukah (charity distribution) of ultraorthodox Jews in the land of Israel and to the nonproductive way of life it entails.
	www.zionism-israel.com /his/orthodox_judaism_history.htm (604 words)

	CNN.com - Holocaust debate used to settle scores in Israel - August 14, 2000
		JERUSALEM (AP) -- Israel's founding fathers didn't lift a finger to help religious Jews in Eastern Europe escape the Holocaust, a prominent ultra-Orthodox politician said Monday, triggering a bitter debate -- the second in a week -- about assigning blame in the Nazi genocide.
		The leaders of the Jewish community in Palestine distributed the immigration permits based on the strength of political factions, with the ultra-Orthodox Agudat Israel party receiving 6 percent of coveted entry visas, Holocaust scholars said.
		They noted that many of Europe's leading rabbis counseled their supporters not to immigrate to Palestine, even after it became clear the Nazis were systematically killing Jews, and thus blocked an important escape route.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/meast/08/14/israel.holocaust.ap (834 words)

	Arutz Sheva - Israel National News
		Rabbi Yisrael Eichler, formerly representing Agudat Yisrael in parliament, is working to draft joint "red lines" for all right-wing and religious political parties.
		In an interview with Arutz Sheva Radio on Tuesday, Rabbi Eichler said that his efforts are aimed at foiling a divide-and-conquer approach from being effective against the religious and right-wing parties.
		However, barring that, he is working on a minimal agreement that the religious Zionist parties will fight legislation that could harm the interests of Hareidi Torah institutions and the Hareidi parties will fight legislation that harms the interests of Jewish communities in Judea and Samaria.
	www.israelnationalnews.com /news.php3?id=93935 (334 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Agudat Israel - Israel
		From 1955 to 1961 Agudat Israel formed a part of the Torah Religious Front (see Appendix B).
		Israel Hotels - Israel Hostels - Israel Sights
		If you did not find the information you were looking for on the subject of Agudat Israel you may wish to do another search of Exploitz.com: related Agudat Israel search
	www.exploitz.com /Israel-Agudat-Israel-cg.php (407 words)

	Agudath Yisrael Israel Political Party - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of Zionism/Israel/
		In 1955 and 1959 it joined Poalei Agudat Israel to form the Torah Religious Front.
		This work and individual entries are copyright © 2005 by Ami Isseroff and Zionism and Israel Information Center and may not reproduced in any form without permission unless explicitly noted otherwise.
		Individual entries may be cited with credit to The Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Zionism and Israel
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/Agudath_Yisrael.htm (564 words)

	MavenSearch Israel News. Latest Headlines. Breaking News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		According to the election law, the right of free transport applies to eligible voters who on Election Day are in a locality over 20km in distance from the area of jurisdiction of the locality where the polling station at which they should vote is situated.
		El Al and Israir are offering special cheap flight deals for Israelis living in the USA who want to come back to Israel for a short trip in order to cast their vote.
		In Israel Election law there is no postal votes.
	www.maven.co.il /israel/IsraelElections2006.asp (459 words)

	Yahadut HaTorah Party from WUJS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The party is a coalition of two ultra-Orthodox parties, Agudat Israel and Degel HaTorah, which submitted a joint list for the 1992 elections.
		The party wants to maintain a status quo relationship in regard to religion and state issues.
		The party advocates increasing settlements throughout Israel for economic, social and security reasons.
	www.wujs.org.il /activist/campaigns/israel/yahadut.shtml (86 words)

	Israel
		Israel -- and the Zionist ideology which it represents -- has been a major factor, perhaps the major factor, in Arab League politics, unity and organizational strength.
		National Holiday: Independence Day; Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May
		Manpower Availability: Eligible 15-49, 2,357,195; of the 1,189,275 males 15-49, 977,332 are fit for military service; of the 1,167,920 females 15-49, 955,928 are fit for military service; 44,624 males and 42,705 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes are liable for military service; Nahal or Pioneer Fighting Youth, Frontier Guard, Chen
	faculty.winthrop.edu /haynese/mlas/israel.html (308 words)

	Israel Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Arab Citizens of the State of Israel (Hebrew)
		Israel's Political Structure - The Ministry of Foreign Affairs
		Amira Arnon, Representative of Israel to the UN Third Committee on Advancement of Women - Oct 13, 1999
	www.hum.huji.ac.il /dinur/Internetresources/modern/T.htm (846 words)

	Political Resources on the Net - Israel 1:5 (Parties)
		The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel May 14, 1948
		The Tekuma Party For the Revival of Israel, with its Torah, on its Land
		Organization for Democratic Action - ODAction ODA is a revolutionary democratic party working inside Israel to achieve a just peace in the Middle East
	www.politicalresources.net /israel.htm (130 words)

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