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Topic: Ahmad Shah Durrani

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	Encyclopedia: Nadir Shah
		In 1729 Tahmasp II was proclaimed as shah in Isfahan.
		Shah Jahan seated on the Peacock Throne The Peacock Throne also know as takhte taoos was made for the Mughal Shah Jahan in the 17th century and taken from Delhi by Nadir Shah of Persia during his invasion of the Mughal Empire in 1739.
		During Nadir Shah's brief reign a 40,000-man army was created, and the boundaries of his empire extended to the greatest in Iran since the days of the Sassanids.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nadir-Shah (3406 words)

	Ahmad Shah -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ahmad Shah (1724-1773), founder of the (additional info and facts about Durrani dynasty) Durrani dynasty in (A mountainous landlocked country in central Asia; bordered by Iran to the west and Russia to the north and Pakistan to the east and south) Afghanistan, was the son of Sammaun-Khan, hereditary chief of the Abdali tribe.
		While still a boy Ahmad fell into the hands of the hostile tribe of Ghilzais, by whom he was kept prisoner at (A city in southern Afghanistan; an important trading center) Kandahar.
		Ahmad entered (A city in north central India) Delhi with his army in triumph, and for more than a month the city was given over to pillage.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ah/ahmad_shah.htm (641 words)

	AHMAD SHAH -E- DURRANI EMPIRE
		One of Ahmad Shah's first acts as chief was to adopt the title "Durr-i-Durrani" ("pearl of pearls" or "pearl of the age"), which may have come from a dream or from the pearl earrings worn by the royal guard of Nadir Shah.
		Ahmad Shah also faced other rebellions in the north, and eventually he and the amir of Bukhara agreed that the Amu Darya would mark the division of their lands.
		Ahmad Shah's successors governed so ineptly during a period of profound unrest that within fifty years of his death, Afghanistan was embroiled in a civil war.
	www.afghanzone.com /history/durani.html (1617 words)

	Ahmad Shah Durrani
		Ahmad Shah was a soldier in the persian army of Nadir Shah Afshar who had adopted a reconciliation stance towards the Afghans knowing he could not afford indefinite rivalry with them.
		Ahmad Shah may have won the hearts of the jingoistic Pakhtuns through military skill and 5000 strong army, but by communicating with them, leader prior to the Jirga, he must had been able to dispel the misgivings of the Afghan leaders.
		Pir Sabir Shah, the spiritual guide of the time, showered his praise for the young Ahmad Shah by declaring him Dar-e-Durran (pearl of the pearls) not because that he was a milititary giant but for his humanity a definite quality of statesman.
	home.no.net /dawatnet/ahmad_shah_durrani.htm (1145 words)

	Ahmad Shah Abdali @AryanaSite.com
		The reason why Ahmad Shahs merit was never recognised was his rise at a time when the Indian and Persian empires were disintegrating and the alien invaders from the West were scrambling into fill the vacuum.
		Ahmad Shah was a soldier in the persian army of Nadir Shah Afshar, king of Persia, who had adopted a reconciliation stance towards the Afghans knowing he could not afford indefinite rivalry with them.
		Ahmad Shah progressed from a Yasawal (personal servant) to the rank of the commander of the Abdali regiment.
	www.aryanasite.com /afghanistan/biographies/ahmadshahabdali.html (410 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Durrani was the second greatest Muslim empire in the second half of the 18th century, surpassed in size only by the Ottoman.
		Ahmad Shah died in 1772 and was succeeded by his son, Timur Shah, who received but nominal homage from the tribal chieftains.
		Shah Shoja''s troops were routed, and he withdrew from Afghanistan and found asylum with the British at Ludhiana in 1815.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Dynasty.Durrani.shtm (473 words)

	Ahmad Shah Baba
		Ahmad Shah encouraged the residents of Peshawar to join the consolidation of the Afghan Empire and assist their brothers in conquering India where Muslim brothers were being suppressed by the Maghul rulers.
		Ahmad Shah appointed Darwish Ali Khan Hazara as the governor of Herat.
		Nach Hause in Kandahar ankommend, entdeckte Ahmad Schah eine andere graphische Darstellung gegen ihn.
	www.beepworld.de /members4/wolas/ahmadshahbaba.htm (6594 words)

	Afghanistan Country Study
		One of Ahmad's first acts as chief was to adopt the title "Durr-i-Durran" (meaning "pearl of pearls" or "pearl of the age"), whether because of a dream or because of the pearl earrings worn by the royal guard of Nadir Shah.
		Ahmad Shah was less fit to cope with insurrection because he suffered from severe ulceration of the face, an ailment that was probably cancer.
		Ahmad Shah's successors were not so wise, and the nation he had built almost collapsed because of their misrule and the intratribal rivalry that they could not manage.
	www.gl.iit.edu /govdocs/afghanistan/AhmedShahDurranni.html (4715 words)

	Nancy Hatch Dupree. An Historical Guide To Afghanistan. Kandahar
		Durrani is, of course, the name which Ahmad Shah gave to the Abdali, the large tribe to which he belonged.
		The shrine of the Cloak of the Prophet Mohammad adjoins Ahmad Shah Durrani’s mausoleum.
		Shah Maqsud was a companion of the Hazrat Ali, cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Mohammad and fourth orthodox Caliph of Islam.
	www.zharov.com /dupree/chapter16.html (7966 words)

	AllRefer.com - Afghanistan - Ahmad Shah And The Durrani Empire in Afghanistan \| Afghan Information Resource
		Ahmad Shah began by capturing Ghazni from the Ghilzai Pashtuns, and then wresting Kabul from the local ruler.
		Ahmad Shah had succeeded to a remarkable degree in balancing tribal alliances and hostilities and in directing tribal energies away from rebellion.
		Painda Khan and the chiefs of the Nurzai and the Alizai Durrani clans were executed, as was the chief of the Qizilbash clan.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/afghanistan/afghanistan9.html (1934 words)

	Ahmad Shah Durrani -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Head of the central government, with full control of all departments of state in domestic and foreign affairs, both civil and military, the shah was assisted by a prime minister and a council of nine...
		In the time of Nader Shah the Durrani were granted lands in the region of Qandahar, which was their homeland; and they moved there from Herat.
		Shah Jahan was the Mughal emperor of India from 1628 until 1658.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9004137?tocId=9004137&query=ahmad (723 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Ahmad Shah Baba Durrani
		In 1747 Ahmad Shah and his Abdali horsemen joined the chiefs of the Abdali tribes and clans near Kandahar to choose a leader.
		Abdali Durrani is the First King of Afghanistan and founder of the Sadozay dynasty of the Abdali tribe.
		In October 1747 elected King (Shah) of Afghanistan by an assembly of Pashtun chiefs the new leader of the Afghans changed his title from khan (chief) to shah (king in Persian) and assumed the name Durrani (Pearl of Pearls).
	www.afghanland.com /history/ahmadshah.html (1219 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Afghanistan
		Nadir Shah was assassinated in 1933 by a young man whose family had been feuding with the king since his accession to power.
		The stability Zahir Shah had sought through constitutionally sanctioned limited democracy had not been achieved, and was a generally favorable response greeted Daoud's reemergence even though it meant the demise of the monarchy Ahmad Shah Durrani established in 1747.
		Ahmad Khan assumed the title of Durr-i-Durran (Pearl of Pearls) and was henceforth known as Ahmad Shah Durrani and his tribe, the Pushtun Abdali tribe, as the Durrani.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/afghanistan/afghanistan.html (21354 words)

	Ahmad Shah Durrani
		Ahmad Shah was an outstanding general and a just ruler.
		Ahmad Shah left twenty-three sons, but failed to nominate an heir.
		Ahmad Shah died of a natural death in April 1772.
	home.no.net /dawatnet/Ahmad_Shah.html (389 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Head of the central government, with full control of all departments of state in domestic and foreign affairs, both civil and military, the shah was assisted by a prime minister and a council of nine life-term advisers that he selected from the chiefs of the leading Afghan tribes.
		A member of the noble Sadozai clan and the second son of Mohammad Zaman Khan, a hereditary chief of the Abdali tribe of Afghans, Ahmad rose to command an Abdali cavalry group under Nader Shah of Persia, and, on Nader Shah's assassination, the Afghan chiefs elected Ahmad as shah.
		Timur was driven out in 1758 by a force of Sikhs, Mughals, and Marathas, but in 1759-61 Ahmad Shah swept the Marathas from the Punjab and destroyed their large army at Panipat, north of Delhi.
	www.sabawoon.com /Afghanpedia/Personalities.AhmadShahDurrani.shtm (321 words)

	Gateway to Sikhism: Sikh Martyrs:Baba Ala Singh Ji
		In the battle fought on 11 March 1748, near Manupur, 15 km northwest of Sirhind, between the Mughals and Ahmad Shah Durrani, Ala Singh sided with the former.
		Ahmad Shah punished him with the devastation of the town of Barnala.
		On 29 March 1761, Ahmad Shah Durrani had already recognized by a written decree the sovereignty of Ala Singh over the territories held by him.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /martyrs/baba_ala.htm (690 words)

	Timur Shah - TheBestLinks.com - Ahmad Shah, Durrani Empire, January 14, Kabul, ...
		Timur Shah (1748 - 18 May 1793), the second son of Ahmad Shah and the second of the Durrani Dynasty, was the King of Afghanistan from 16 October 1772 until his death.
		In 1759, Ahmad Shah finally conquered Punjab, invading with a force of 60,000 against the Marathas 45,000.
		During his reign, the Durrani Empire began to crumble forcing the move of its capital from Kandahar to Kabul.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Timur_Shah.html (363 words)

	Lemar-Aftaab \| www.afghanmagazine.com \| June 2004 \| Vol 3 \| Issues 4 \| Feature Article \| Afghan History: kite flying, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When the Afshari king, Nadir Shah Afshar, was assassinated, his general Ahmad Shah Durrani, a Sadozai nobleman, became Afghanistan's first formal king in 1747.
		Ahmad Shah Durrani's rearguard army commander known as Wali Mohammad Khan Jawansher was given one of the settlements in Kabul, the Chindawal District.
		However, practically all-immediate descendants of Ahmad Shah Durrani left the Hazaras in relative peace with the exception of Shah Kamran's 1847 attack on Hazarajat.
	www.afghanmagazine.com /2004_06/articles/hsadat.shtml (3020 words)

	:: ISlam \| Quran in Urdu \| Quran in English \| Quran in Arabic \| Islamic History ::
		1712: Death of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah, accession of Jahandar Shah.
		The Persians were defeated and the Afghans under Shah Mahmud became the masters of a greater part of Persia.
		Ahmad Shah Durrani came to India at the invitation of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi and smashed rising Maratha power in the battle of Panipat.
	www.kashar.net /islam?link=18th (243 words)

	Ahmad Shah Durrani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An Abdali chieftain was appointed governor of Nadirabad and Abdali tribesmen swarmed in from Persia to occupy Ghilzai lands be-tween Kandahar and Herat.
		Nadir Shah also released several Abdali from Kandahar's pus-ons, one of whom was Ahmad Khan Sadozai, the young 16 year old son of a prominent Abdali chieftain.
		At Kandahar, the city which Ahmad Shah himself laid out to replace Nadirabad, the blue-domed mausoleum of Ahmad Shah towers over the city, a reminder of those days of glory when Kandahar was the capital of an empire.
	www.afghanan.net /afghanistan/sites/durrani.htm (859 words)

	Invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali
		Thus, when Ahmed Shah reached the bank of the Ravi on 8th January, 1748, the Lahore army of 70,000 prepared to oppose the invader.
		Shah Nawaz fled to Delhi, and Adina Beg was equally fast in running away to the Jalandhar area.
		Shah Nawaz Khan was too preoccupied with the confirmation of his command over the Punjab by the Minister at Delhi, to give the Sikhs much trouble.
	www.sikh-history.com /sikhhist/events/abdali.html (983 words)

	[ Afghan Elections 2004-2005 ]
		Intertribal conflict prompts Timur Shah to move his capital from the Pashtun city of Kandahar to the ethnically heterogeneous Kabul.
		British forces invade Afghanistan, ousting Dost Mohammad and installing as ruler in Kabul the former Saduza'i monarch, with disastrous consequences as the puppet ruler along with the entire British army is killed by the Afghans.
		While he is still seen as the nominal leader of the anti-Taliban alliance, Ahmad Shah Mas'ud holds real power until 9 September 2001, when he is assassinated.
	www.azadiradio.org /en/specials/elections/historical-chronology.asp (2041 words)

	[No title]
		Ahmad Shah became King of a people whose lives were governed by this established tribal system, which is still very persistent up to this day.
		Ahmad Shah consulted this council on many important matters, such as the raising of taxes, the army, or declarations of war.
		Ahmad Shah died at the age of 51.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Gulf/9506/PASHTOON.htm (5060 words)

	The Punjab Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Shah Zaman, Ahmad Shah Durrani’s grandson, became the king of Kabul after his father, Timur, Following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, he led an expedition into the Punjab and, meeting with little resistance on the way, reached Lahore.
		Shah Zaman was reduced to such a predicament that he had to leave the fort and return to his country.
		Ahmad Khan, forestalling Ranjit Singh’s plans, marched upon Ramnagar, but was killed in action.
	www.punjabheritage.com /man_of_destiny.htm (1950 words)

	CPAmedia.com: Afghanistan's Complex Ethnic Patchwork
		Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of modern Afghanistan in the mid-18th century, was a Pashtun.
		Hamid Karzai, a prominent Pashtun leader and official representative of former King Zahir Shah, is currently pursuing the same complex goal in the hills of Uruzgan Province, north of Kandahar.
		The nominal head of the Northern Alliance and leader of the Jamiat-e-Islami party, Burhanuddin Rabbani, is a Tajik, as was the "Lion of the Panjshir", Ahmad Shah Massoud, assassinated by Al-Qaeda suicide bombers in early September.
	www.cpamedia.com /politics/afghanistan_ethnic_patchwork (1563 words)

	Khaled Hosseini :: Press » Afghan History: kite flying, kite running and kite banning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ahmad Shah Durrani continued to hold the Qizilbash as advisors and ghulam khana (royal personal bodyguards).
		When Ahmad Shah Durrani’s son, Timur Shah, moved the capital from Kandahar to Kabul, he brought with him more Qizilbash families to Chindawal (Adamec, 2003; Ghobar, 1967; Gregorian, 1969; Noelle, 1997).
		While Shah Amanullah outlawed slavery, still after his 1929 departure from Afghanistan until the early 1970s era when The Kite Runner’s young Amir grows up in Kabul, the slave-like old practices of Hazaras still continued.
	www.khaledhosseini.com /press/index.php?p=8 (2944 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After the death of Nader Shah, Ahmad Shah Durrani took the Koh-e Noor to Afghanistan, where it passed onto Shah Shuja.
		Later, Nasseridin Shah Qajar believed that that this diamond was one of the gems decorating the crown of Cyrus the Great, so he often wore it on an armband.
		Reza Shah, the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty, wore it as a decoration on his military hat during his coronation in 1926, and it was used in Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's coronation ceremony in 1967.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Base/1406/jewel/3.html (392 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum
		Ahmad Shah Abdali, the King of Afghanistan, Persia and parts of Central Asia and India, one of the greatest conqueror of his time, was ranged against Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, Padshah of the Sikhs.
		Ahmad Shah had then blown up the Harmandir Sahib and filled the holy tank with the carcasses of dead cows.
		Coins were struck and although Jassa Singh had to vacate Lahore on Ahmad Shah's return, the Sikhs were to take it over again in 1765.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2005/20050123/spectrum/main2.htm (957 words)

	Gateway to Sikhism : Sikh Warriors : Binod Singh
		When in December 1766, Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded Lahore and Lahina Singh retired towards Kasur, the Muslim citizens of Lahore pleaded before Shah to confirm Lahina Singh in the governorship of the Punjab.
		He returned to the Shah the fruit he had sent him (just like Sardar Charat Singh), saying that such delicacies were meant for royalty alone.
		Of this he gave a quantity to the messenger to be presented to Ahmad Shah on his behalf.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /warriors/lahina.htm (288 words)

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