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Topic: Ai (biblical)

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	Et-Tell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Edward Robinson suggested in 1838 that et-Tell could be the location of the Biblical city of Ai, as did Charles Wilson in 1866, on the evidence of Biblical references and nearby topography.
		In this version of events, Joshua and the invading Israelites are depicted as conquering Ai, killing its residents and burning the city; however, et-Tell was unoccupied at this time according to the established archaeological chronology, and the later Iron Age I village appeared with no evidence of initial conquest.
		Another hypothesis is that the Iron I settlement wave at Ai, as well as in other sites in the region at this time, fits better with the account given in the Biblical Book of Judges, which posits the settlement process of the nation of Israel in somewhat different terms than the Book of Joshua.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Et-Tell (1374 words)

	Ai
		AI’s style of poetic utterance has from the outset rarely been other than tough-edged, in the words of an early critic, "as if she made her poem(s) with a knife." Little wonder that the title poem in Cruelty begins with an image of a dead wildcat.
		But AI is not to be denied her own kind of verse Gothic, an America, a world, seen as though through disembodied witness and nothing if not at one with her slightly maverick status in contemporary African American poetry.
		As Bulgarian literary theorist Julia Kristeva argues, ambiguous image--images that obscure or transgress boundaries--tend to disturb the sense of settled identity.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/a_f/ai/about.htm (1270 words)

	Ai - Et-Tell (BiblePlaces.com)
		Was Ai a ruin at the time of the Conquest (Stichting Bijbel, Geschiedenis en Archeologie) A lengthy summary of the Livingston/Rainey dialogue, focusing largely on the location of Bethel, which in turn affects the location of Ai.
		Biblical and Archaeological Data on Ai Reappraised (dabar.org) An extensive paper examining both the biblical and archaeological evidence on Ai, by W.W. Winter.
		The Archaeology of Ai (Mysteries of the Bible) Describes the archaeological dilemmas simplistically, although from a conservative perspective.
	www.bibleplaces.com /ettell.htm (388 words)

	Ai - LoveToKnow Watches
		A little to the south of a village called Deir Diwan, and one hour's journey south-east from Bethel, is the site of an ancient place called Khirbet Haiydn, indicated by reservoirs hewn in the rock, excavated tombs and foundations of hewn stone.
		This may possibly be the site of Ai; it agrees with all the intimations as to its position.
		It has also been identified with a mound now called et-Tell (" the heap "), but though the name of a neighbouring village, Turmus Aya, is suggestive, it is in the wrong direction from Bethel.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Ai (289 words)

	Bible History, Old Testament: Vol III - Chapter 8
		Ai, situated on a conical hill about ten miles to the west of Jericho, was a comparatively smaller city, numbering only 12,000 inhabitants (Joshua 8:25).
		The men of Ai issued from the city, and routed Israel, killing thirty-six men, pursuing the fugitives as far as "Shebarim" ("mines," or perhaps "quarries" where stones are broken), and smiting them "in the going down," that is, to about a mile's distance, where the wadys, descending from Ai, take "their final plunge" eastwards.
		Upon this, all the people that were in Ai, in their eager haste to make the victory decisive, "allowed themselves to be called away"* to pursue after Israel, till they were drawn a considerable distance from the city.
	philologos.org /__eb-bhot/vol_III/ch08.htm (2991 words)

	Archaeology and Biblical Accuracy
		The Moabite Stone, for example, corroborates the biblical claim that there was a king of Moab named Mesha, but the inscription on the stone gives a different account of the war between Moab and the Israelites recorded in 2 Kings 3.
		Mesha's inscription on the stone claimed overwhelming victory, but the biblical account claims that the Israelites routed the Moabite forces and withdrew only after they saw Mesha sacrifice his eldest son as a burnt offering on the wall of the city the Moabites had retreated to (2 Kings 3:26-27).
		Another case in point is the biblical record of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt and their subsequent 40-year wandering in the Sinai wilderness.
	www.infidels.org /library/magazines/tsr/1998/2/982front.html (1096 words)

	Ancient Days :: Locating Biblical Ai Correctly :: Proofs for Khirbet Nisya :: by David Livingston
		And in Koehler and Baumgartner’s Lexikon the meaning of ha’ai is that Ai, or ‘ay, is a corruption of ‘iy.
		For example,60-plus sherds (not all are displayed on Plate 5.1 of Khirbet Nisya: the Search for Biblical Ai, 1979-2002) of handmade, flat-bottomed, pie-crust-rimmed cooking pots are considerable when compared with those found by Kenyon in her much larger excavations at Jericho.
		In light of its match with the biblical account for topography, geography, and archaeological periods present, it should be considered as a candidate.
	www.ancientdays.net /ai15.htm (6217 words)

	Biblical Ai (Et Tell) in Israel
		Ai is a biblical site located east of Bethel.
		Et Tell is generally accepted as biblical Ai; both the Hebrew and Arabic names for the site mean the ruin heap.
		Ai was the second place attacked by the incoming Israelites under Joshua.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Ai_Tell.html (354 words)

	Canaan Conquest in Biblical Archeology
		Frequent biblical reference to Jericho shows that it was of major importance in the land.
		Jericho, Ai, Bethel, Beeroth, Gibeon, Chephirah, and Kirjath-jearim formed a continuous line across southern central Canaan; and the fact that Israel had been able to assemble peaceably at Shechem indicates control had been gained in the northern central area as well.
		Biblical use of the Urim and Thummim is not specifically mentioned after the reign of David.
	www.truthnet.org /biblicalarcheology/6/conquestcanaan.htm (6571 words)

	The Old Logic
		Biblical archaeology was begun at a time when the divine inspiration of the Bible was taken for granted.
		He excavated the ruins of the ancient city of Ai, whose destruction by Joshua's army is alleged in Joshua 8.
		According to biblical chronology, the sacking of Ai would have occurred around 1426 B. C., but Callaway's work indicated that the Bible was inaccurate in this claim.
	www.infidels.org /library/magazines/tsr/1996/2/2old96.html (1003 words)

	Ai - Walking in Their Sandals - location profile
		The fact that Abram built his altar and pitched his tent "between Bethel and Ai" would seem to indicate that these centers were in close proximity, perhaps no more than two or three miles apart and also that Ai existed at least six or seven centuries before the Conquest.
		It was at Ai, however, that God taught them that their success at Jericho was not due to their own strength or strategy.
		Ai was allotted to the tribe of Ephraim (1 Chr 7:28) but was occupied by the Benjamites after the exile (Neh 11:31).
	www.ancientsandals.com /overviews/ai.htm (624 words)

	Glossary
		The name ‘Ai’ means ‘ruin’ in Hebrew, paralleling the modern Arabic name ‘et-Tell,’ ‘heap, mound.’ Et-Tell, about one and a half miles east of Bethel (modern Beitin), was excavated by Judith Marquet-Krause from 1933 to 1935 and again by Dr. Joseph A. Callaway from 1964 to 1970.
		Ai was an important urban center of about 27.5 acres during the Early Bronze Age from approximately 3000 to 2400 b.c.
		An alternative view favored by W. Albright suggests that the biblical story of Joshua 8 originally referred to the capture of Bethel and was later transferred to the nearby ruins of Ai.
	www.bibletexts.com /glossary/ai.htm (459 words)

	Chronology of the Exodus and the Israelite Conquest of Canaan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This is largely because of the numerous details preserved in the biblical account―details that simply could not, and would not, have been made up hundreds of years later.
		Ai is thought to be at a site known as et-Tell, which means "the ruin." It is near a site known as Beitin, which is presumed by most to be the site of Bethel.
		One of the most-often-used arguments in favor of a 13th-century Conquest is the cultural break between the Late Bronze II and the Iron Age.
	www.bibarch.com /Perspectives/Articles/7.3D.htm (5713 words)

	Jericho VI
		This was due to the fact that in conventional dating, the attack on Ai and Jericho by Joshua and the Children of Israel took place at the end of the Late Bronze Age and in neither case was there any evidence of a Late Bronze Age city.
		Wood on the other hand has suggested in a widely quoted paper in the prestigious Biblical Archaeological Review (16:2 1990), that Dame Kathleen Kenyon was wrong in her assessment of the site and that the town which she dated to the Middle Bronze Age should in fact be dated to the late Bronze Age.
		For example Ai did not exist as a city in the Middle Bronze Age and there are problems with the way other cities were abandoned or destroyed that do not fit the Biblical account.
	www.biblemysteries.com /lectures/jericho6.htm (1330 words)

	March Bible Quotes
		When the king of Ai saw the Israelites across the valley, he and all his army hurriedly went out early the next morning and attacked the Israelites at a place overlooking the Jordan Valley.
		When the men of Ai looked behind them, smoke from the city was filling the sky, and they had nowhere to go.
		So the men of Ai were caught in a trap, and all of them died.
	www.evilbible.com /March.htm (2792 words)

	Biblical Archaeology
		The term biblical archaeology refers to archaeological investigations that serve to clarify, enlighten, and enhance the biblical record.
		The American clergyman and biblical scholar Edward Robinson played a fundamental role in recognizing that an acquaintance with the Holy Land was essential to an understanding of biblical literature.
		Thus, although the city of Ai is recorded as having been captured by Joshua, no remains dating from the appropriate period were found during its excavation, which suggests that the site was unoccupied at the time of the supposed conquest.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txw/bibarcha.htm (709 words)

	Is there evidence of the Conquest at Ai?
		Et-Tell, the Remains of Ai Ai was the second city Joshua's army attacked during the Conquest.
		And he hanged the King of Ai on a tree until evening; and at sunset Joshua gave command and they took his body down from the tree, and threw it at the entrance of the city gate, and raised over it a great heap of stones that stands to this day.
		The evidence was not recognized by the original excavators, however, because the traditional biblical chronology upon which they were relying misdated the Conquest by a full millennium.
	www.biblicalchronologist.org /answers/conquest_ai.php (850 words)

	Archaeology Projects (Associates for Biblical Research)
		An important field of Biblical studies is the Israelite Conquest of Canaan.
		Bryant Wood, director of the Associates for Biblical Research, has reexamined and reevaluated the excavated evidence from Jericho to better correlate that data with the Biblical story of Joshua's conquest as contained in the inspired Scriptures of the Old Testament (Joshua 6).
		The Bethel / Ai Project provides sponsorship, oversight and publication of research and field work related to the ongoing effort to identify the location of the Biblical cities of Bethel and Ai.
	abr.christiananswers.net /archaeology-projects.html (170 words)

	Was Ai a ruin at the time of the Conquest?
		The conclusion that Ai was located in et-Tell is due to the circumstance that Bethel is almost unanimously identified with Beitin.
		Ai is to be found in modern Khirbet Nisya and Bethel in modern el-Bireh.
		The implication is that Ai was not a ruin at the time of the Invasion, which is consistent with the information given by the Bible.
	www.bga.nl /en/articles/ai.html (3782 words)

	Ai (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		The fall of Ai gave the Israelites entrance to the heart of Canaan, where at once they became established, Bethel and other towns in the vicinity seeming to have yielded without a struggle.
		Ai was rebuilt at some later period, and is mentioned by Isa.
		(2) The Ai of Jeremiah 49:3 is an Ammonite town, the text probably being a corruption of 'ar; or ha-'ir, "the city" (BDB).
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/343 (510 words)

	Fall of Ai; Law inscribed on stone walls; Renewal of the covenant relationship between God and Israel
		Not only was this a signal to begin the attack (verse 19), but it was also a symbol of God's presence and help to His people in the battle (compare verses 1,18)—displayed in the fact that Joshua did not lower his spear until the victory was won (verse 26).
		Along with the defeat of Ai, the city of Bethel is also mentioned (verse 17).
		Or it may be that Ai was a small outpost for the larger city of Bethel (7:3) and an attack on Ai was understood to be an attack on Bethel.
	www.ucgstp.org /bible/brp/jos8.htm (387 words)

	The Bible vs. Modern Scholarship > The Good News : March/April 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The point is that all the chronological indications in the Old Testament support this earlier dating of the mid-15th century for the time of the Exodus and the late 15th century for the time of the conquest.
		BW: Ai is the second big problem with regard to the conquest in biblical archaeology and biblical history because the site that scholars have identified as Joshua's Ai was not occupied during the time of Joshua.
		The name Ai means "the ruin" in Hebrew, and the Arabic name et-Tell also means "the ruin." So that would seem to be the origin of the name, this big Early Bronze Age ruin that's there.
	www.gnmagazine.org /issues/gn39/scholarship.htm (2054 words)

	Defeat at Ai because of the sin of Achan
		Defeat at Ai Because of Achan's Sin (Joshua 7)
		Achan stole 200 shekels of silver, a Babylonian garment, and a wedge of gold weighing 50 shekels and hid them in the earthen floor of his tent (verse 21).
		The sin of Achan was imputed to the whole nation (verses 11,12), and thus they were soundly defeated in the battle of Ai (verses 4,5).
	www.ucgstp.org /bible/brp/jos7.htm (315 words)

	SAB, Joshua 8
		But Ai was an abandoned city by the time of the Israelites and this story is a myth invented to explain the ruins of an ancient city that the Israelites encountered.
		8:2 And thou shalt do to Ai and her king as thou didst unto Jericho and her king: only the spoil thereof, and the cattle thereof, shall ye take for a prey unto yourselves: lay thee an ambush for the city behind it.
		After Joshua kills all the inhabitants of Ai, burns their city, and hangs their king on a tree, he kills some animals and burns them as a "peace offering" to his God of war.
	www.skepticsannotatedbible.com /jos/8.html (1444 words)

	Kh. el-Maqatir (BiblePlaces.com)
		el-Maqatir was Ai and it is possible that this church preserved the memory of this identification.
		Archaeology Confirms the Biblical Account (Watchman Bible Study Group) This page includes multiple articles written by ABR staff, a few of which pertain to the excavations at Kh.
		Ancient Days: Khirbet Nisya - Dr. Livingston's Search for Bethel and Ai A website by the founder of Associates for Biblical Research which includes articles concerning the locations of Bethel and Ai and the author's belief that Ai should be identified with Khirbet Nisya.
	www.bibleplaces.com /maqatir.htm (379 words)

	AardsmaExodusTheoryEBII
		The Gerald Aardsma proposal associates the fall of Jericho and Ai to Joshua with the destruction of these cities at the end of the Early Bronze Age.
		Thus the statement in 1 Kings 1:6 of 480 years elapsing between Solomon's 4th year and the Exodus becomes for Aardsma 1480 years, placing the event in the Early Bronze Age and "aligning" with the archaeologically attested fallen walls found by Garstang in the 1930's and confirmed by Kenyon in the 1960's.
		The 400 year difference between the fall of Ai (et-Tell) and Arad (Tell Arud) is a "fatal" blow to the Aardsma proposal.
	www.bibleorigins.net /AardsmaExodusTheoryEBII.html (796 words)

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