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Topic: Ailao Mountains

	Yuanyang
		The Ailao Mountain Range is a branch of the Yunling Mountains.
		The mountain range, running northwest to southeast, is the dividing line between the Hengduan Mountains valley in the west and the plateau in the east of Yunnan,and stretches several hundred kilometers to the Dawei Mountain, Huanglian Mountain and Fenshui mountain nature preserves.
		In the autumn and winter, the mountain is covered with mist, and in the spring, azaleas bloom.
	www.tourdesigner.cn /ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=4192 (653 words)

	Physical Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Of the world’s 14 mountains exceeding 8,000 meters, 9 are in China or on its borders.
		The Yinshan Mountains run west-east in the middle of Inner Mongolia composed of the Langshan and Ula mountains in the west; the Daqing and Huitengliang mountains in the middle; the Liangcheng and Huashan mountain sin the south; and the Damaqun Mountains in the east.
		Massive mountain ranges loom on all sides---the Himalayas to the south, the Kunlun and Qilian ranges to the north, the Hengduan Mountains to the east and Karakorum Mountains to the west.
	www.accec.org /english/natural/physical.htm (5699 words)

	Bibliography: Biodiversity Issues and Status -- Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development in Southwest China
		This study analyzes the bird diversity of three different ecosystems: primary broad-leaved evergreen forest on the crest of the Ailao Mountains, and two secondary pine forests, regenerating from clear-cut evergreen broad-leaved forest, on the eastern and western slopes.
		The primary forest {30 ha plot) has the greatest diversity of bird species with 169 species in the summer and 107 in the winter compared to 98 and 75, respectively, for the western slopes (40 ha plot) and 72 and 49, respectively, for the eastern slopes {40 ha plot).
		The research found a large local seasonal migration between the crest of the mountain range and the slopes as well as increasing numbers of long-distance migrants.
	swc.cals.wisc.edu /bibliography/bib_biodiversity.en.html (2996 words)

	China's Geography - Terrain
		This region is punctuated by hills and mountains and valleys that lie between the eastern lowlands and the Tibetan Plateau in the west.
		Northeast of Nanchang is Lake Poyang, fed by the Yuan River and runoff from the Chiuling Mountains to the west.
		Further west, beyond the Mufuo and Chiuling Mountains in northern Hunan Province, is Lake Tungt'ing, fed by numerous rivers and streams descending from the surrounding mountains.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Jta/Ch/ChGEO1.htm (1056 words)

	Sound Gallery: Nomascus concolor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Duet song, Xujiaba, Ailao mountains, China, 27 Aug. 1990.
		Duet song, Xujiaba, Ailao mountains, China, 26 Aug. 1990.
		Male solo song, Xujiaba, Ailao mountains, China, 25 Aug. 1990.
	www.tiho-hannover.de /gibbons/main/sound/08conc.html (214 words)

	The Hani ethnic minority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Most of the 1,254,800 Hanis live in the valleys between the Yuanjiang and Lancang rivers, that is, the vast area between the Ailao and Mengle mountains in southern Yunnan Province.
		Growing on the rolling Ailao Mountains are pine, cypress, palm, tung oil and camphor trees, and the forests abound in animals such as tigers, leopards, bears, monkeys, peacocks, parrots and pheasants.
		In the Ailao mountains, the Hanis were impoverished and suffered under various forms of exploitation.
	www.chinaembassy-indonesia.or.id /eng/5292.html (1559 words)

	Terraced Fields in Yuanyang
		The fields are food sources for a population of 350,000, the 640 square kilometers of forests on the mountains hold the water for daily use and irrigation, and a total of 4,653 canals in the county carry water to irrigate the terraced fields.
		Yuanyang is at the foot of the Ailao Mountains on the south bank of the Honghe River in southern Yunnan Province, south of the Tropic of Cancer.
		When the clouds and fog rise to the forests on the mountains, they are cooled down to water droplets by the tree branches and leaves.
	www.china.org.cn /english/travel/56238.htm (1260 words)

	Ailao Mountain-the buoyant music
		Located at the juncture of the Yungui Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains, and that of two large natural geographical regions, the Ailao Mountain becomes a divide between the eastern and western landform types.
		The climate at the Ailao Mountain belongs to the kind in a transitional belt between the central subtropical and south subtropical zones.
		Composing rare subtropical rain forests, the middle mountain subtropical humid broadleaf evergreen forests are the backbone of the Reserve.With humid climate.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /citylife/2006-07/31/content_653533.htm (267 words)

	The Yi ethnic minority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Traditionally, this area is subdivided into the Greater Liangshan Mountain area, which lies east of the Anning River and south of the Huangmao Dyke, and the Lesser Liangshan Mountain area, which covers the Jinsha River valley and the south bank of the Dadu River.
		Most Yis are scattered in mountain areas, some in frigid mountain areas at high altitudes, and a small number live on flat land or in valleys.
		Around the 8th century, a slave state named "Nanzhao" was established in the northern Ailao Mountain and the Erhai areas, with the Yis as the main body and the Bai and Naxi nationalities included.
	www.toptrip.cc /destination/minority/yi.htm (3147 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests (PA0102)
		Mountains, especially those in the western part of the plateau, support luxuriant evergreen broadleaf forest and populations of threatened species like Asiatic fl bears, fl gibbons, and several pheasant species.
		Nature reserves tend to be places at the crests of the mountains because elevations above 2,400 m are foggy during the growing season and less attractive for settlement.
		A study of the structure and composition of an old growth and secondary broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains of Yunnan, China.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0102_full.html (1310 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Yulong Xueshan (”Jade Dragon Snow Mountains”) are a small isolated mountain range east of Tibet and north of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.
		The boundaries of the range are very clear, as the entire range is ringed by a system of active normal and left-lateral transtensional faults, the most recent major rupture of which was a M 7.0 quake in 1997.
		Beyond simply being a spectacular piece of geography, the tectonic evolution of the Yulong mountains shed light into several aspects of both the history and evolution of the India-Asia collision in particular, and to the interactions between tectonic processes at upper and middle crustal levels with surface geomorphic processes in general.
	darla.mit.edu /~chrissg/research/research.html (1251 words)

	Big Bar Gold Corporation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pursuant to the agreement, Tiancheng shall be responsible for securing the exploration and development rights to about 1,000 square kilometres of concessions to be divided between the immediate northwest and southeast of the existing mine and obtaining all exploration data concerning the area.
		The Zhenyuan Project is located in Zhenyuan County, Yunnan Province in the Wuliang Shan Mountains, part of the Ailao Shan Mountain Range, about 300 kilometers southwest of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province.
		The oldest rocks in the area are ultramafic rocks, part of the Ailao Shan Mountains ultramafic zone, that are about 500 Ma, or Cambrian, in age.
	www.bigbargold.com /index_prj_zhenyuan.htm (1170 words)

	Akha history
		A journey to this world, with nine layers, is described as a descent from the mountain into the lowlands, where the person's soul has been captured in the 'labyrinth of the dragon' and condemned to perform corvée or slave labour for life.
		Lower down the mountain slope are the Sjhehlo, among whom the women wear trousers, and the Lawbi or 'dry Tai', a Tai-related group, possessing elephants, with whom relations seem to have been good (Dzoedang, 1979a: 38, 57-8, 73, 120, 123).
		In the mountainous Menghai district of Sipsongpanna there is an old conglomeration of Akha villages known as 'Guilanghui Pu' or 'the village of good fortune'.
	www.hani-akha.org /mpcd/hani-akha/history.html (4923 words)

	Ethnologue: China
		Mountains in central and south central Hainan Province, southern China.
		Dayao Mountains, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces.
		Lhunze and Mainling counties in southeast Tibet, in the Danba River valley and adjoining mountain slopes, near the Bhutan border.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Chin.html (11262 words)

	TAMUCC Wiki \| Harding / SampeJournal
		Crest forest cover cultivation refers to a system where the primary forest remains on the mountain crest and the swidden cultivation and fallow forests occur on the slopes and the edges of the primary forest are important in regenerating the fallows.
		The vegetation in the Jinuo mountain study area for the 6-year fallow plots featured fewer tree species and was dominated by the weedy herbaceous species Eupatorium odoratum.
		Here the forests along the mountain crests are considered as sacred forests to be protected, so the situation of the monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest is better than other forest types in the Jinuo area.
	falcon.tamucc.edu /wiki/Harding/SampeJournal (6923 words)

	Design Template
		Regarded by Chinese travelers as one of China’s 17 most beautiful scenic areas, Yuanyang County is in the depths of the Ailao Mountains in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, southern Yunnan Province.
		Incredibly enough, Yuanyang, with its high mountains and steep valleys and forests, is actually a huge granary in Yunnan Province that was relied on heavily in the 1960s and 1970s to alleviate famine in the inland areas.
		Ailao Mountain’s temperate climate and large scope of vegetation assures precipitation adequate to water the terraces, but equal apportionment of water to each plot on each terrace requires specialized skill.
	www.chinatoday.com.cn /English/e2006/e200602/2p64.htm (1270 words)

	Hani (Akha) Culture in Yunnan, China
		They were not limited to the Talian Shan and Ailao Shan mountains, but also cultivated rice in the Red River, Black River, and probably also the Mekong river valleys.
		They were 'late' in the sense that by the twelfth and thirteenth centuries they were able to develop from a 'tribal minority' into a dominant, quickly expanding proto-state system, based in valleys with irrigated rice cultivation.
		In this process of marginalization, tribal groups such as the Hani and Akha also selected and constructed their habitats - in terms of altitude and surrounding forestation - in such a way that they would not be easily accessible to soldiers, bandits, and tax-collectors.
	www.sinowaytravel.com /kunming/attractions_hani_history.htm (1045 words)

	People's Daily Online The Yi ethnic minority
		Though the system of appointing hereditary headmen in northeastern Yunnan and northwestern Guizhou was abolished in the Qing Dynasty, some local tyrants, until liberation in 1949, used political power and influence in their hands to bully and exploit peasants as slave owners did, treating poor peasants as serfs.
		Though it was hard for slaves in remote mountain areas to run away, they still tried to escape at the risk of their lives.
		Lack of transportation facilities was one of the factors contributing to the seclusion of the Liangshan Mountains.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /data/minorities/Yi.html (5935 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Culture :: People :: Minorities
		In the mountains which border the Daur community on the north are stands of valuable timber, such as oak, birch and elm and medicinal herbs.
		Jinoluoke is a mountainous area stretching for 70 kilometers from east to west and 50 kilometers from north to south.
		Lying at the foot of the Wuzhi Mountains, the Li area is a tropical paradise with fertile land and abundant rainfall.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/02cul/c06s01.html (18495 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China - Overview
		The Mountains of Southwest China Hotspot stretches over 262,400 km² of temperate to alpine mountains between the easternmost edge of the Tibetan Plateau and the Central Chinese Plain.
		The Mountains of Southwest China are characterized by extremely complex topography, ranging from less than 2,000 meters in some valley floors to 7,558 meters at the summit of Gongga Shan (Mountain).
		The mountain ridges are oriented in a generally north-south direction, perpendicular to the main Himalayan chain.
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/china (561 words)

	TrekEarth \| The best vehicle in village Photo
		The dense, virgin forest on Mt. Ailao is home to the Hani people, whose ancestors relocated from the Tibet Plateau to southern Yunnan long ago.
		The ditches wrap the mountains like silver belts, diverting brooks and mountain springs into the terraced fields.
		Absorbed by the forest, the clouds condense into moisture, returning to the mountains as brooks and springs again.
	www.trekearth.com /gallery/Asia/China/photo272275.htm (409 words)

	Yi people - Wikichinatravel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the 3rd century, the ancient Yis extended their activities from the Anning River valley, the Jinsha River, the Dianchi Lake and the Ailao Mountains to northeastern Yunnan, southern Yunnan, northwestern Guizhou and northwestern Guangxi.
		In the Eastern Han (25-220), Wei (220-265) and Jin(265-420) dynasties, inhabitants in these areas came to be known as "Yi," the character for which meant "barbarian." After the Jin Dynasty, the Yis of the clan named Cuan became rulers of the Dianchi area, northeastern Yunnan and the Honghe (Red) River area.
		However, because most of the Yi people live in mountainous areas, buckwheat, corn, potatoes are suitable for planting and are regarded as their staple food.
	www.wikichinatravel.com /index.php?title=Yi_people&redirect=no (1507 words)

	Biosphere reserves in focus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Located in the southern side of the Hengduan Mountains, Xishuangbanna is sheltered by the towering Ailao and Wuliang Mountains to the north, which keeps cold damp currents from moving southwards.
		Seasonal rain forests are mainly distributed in the valleys; certain of their plants take on certain seasonal aspects by having a short leaf changing period in the dry season.
		In contrast to the seasonal rain forests, the mountain rain forests present much shorter crowns, with their upper canopies usually standing about 30 meters high.
	www.unesco.org /mab/br/focus/2005sept/focus.htm (1011 words)

	Hani of China \| OMF
		Only people up in the mountains, and perhaps old ladies in the towns, still manage to keep their Hani identity.
		According to anthropological studies, the Hani, Yi and Lahu are descendants of the ancient Qiang people of northwest China, who gradually migrated to the south and eventually settled in the area between the Ailao and Mengle mountains in the seventh century.
		Most of the Hani live in southern Yunnan province, where most are located in the valleys between the Yuanjiang and Lancang rivers, a vast area between the Ailao and Mengle mountains.
	www.omf.org /omf/us/peoples_and_places/people_groups/hani_of_china (549 words)

	t21a in sm99
		The development of topography often creates strong rain shadows on the lee side of mountain belts, which in turn creates large isotopic depletions of 18O and D in precipitation.
		Oxygen isotope of smectites from the Sierra Mountains show little or no change in isotopic composition for the past 16 Ma, which suggests that the Sierra Mountains have been a long-standing topographic feature.
		A positive correlation between distance from the Yeyensun Complex and ages for the same mineral type further implies that the magmatic activity contributes mostly to change the retentivity of argon isotopes within minerals for the Posen Complex.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=sm99&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/sm99/sm99&maxhits=200&="T21A" (2107 words)

	aboat yizu culture
		Most of the places in this region are mountainous or half-mountainous areas, such as Ailao Mountains and the Wuliang Mountains, and range from 1,000 meters to 2,500 meters above sea level.
		And a few of them are cold and high mountainous areas with the altitude of 3,000 meter around; they are the hinterland of Daliangshan Mountain and Xiaoliangshan Mountain, the east of Yunnan and the Northwest of Guizhou.
		In high-cold mountains it is very cool while in mountains and half-mountain it is warm and rains moderately.
	www.ebloggy.com /blog.php?username=bluesky&id=2&entry=24 (201 words)

	Puer tea, fermenting green Chinese tea, from old trees in mountain forests of Xishuangbanna, China
		They are excusively from old trees of mountain forests and are designed to mature with age.
		This tea from our highest mountain forests is designed to mature with age.
		Harvested in 2003 from the Ailao Shan mountains
	natureproducts.net /Products/Tea_list.html (943 words)

	CCTV International
		Being subtropical, the land is fertile and the rainfall plentiful -- ideal for growing rice, millet, cotton, peanuts, indigo and tea.
		Growing on the rolling Ailao Mountains are pine, cypress, palm, tung oil and camphor trees, and the forests abound in animals such as tigers, leopards, bears, monkeys, peacocks, parrots and pheasants.
		Rituals are regularly held to worship the Gods of Heaven, Earth, the Dragon Tree and their village, as well as their family patron gods.
	www.cctv.com /english/special/C16472/20060921/101503.shtml (505 words)

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