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	Air Mail Scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Air Mail Act of 1930, passed on April 29 and known as the Watres Act after one of its chief sponsors, Rep. Laurence H. Watres of Pennsylvania, authorized the postmaster general to enter into longer-term airmail contracts with rates based on space or volume, rather than weight.
		Airmail carriers would be paid for having sufficient cargo capacity on their planes, whether the planes carried mail or flew empty, a disincentive to carry mail since the carrier received a set fee for a plane of a certain size whether or not it carried mail.
		The project, termed AACMO (Army Air Corps Mail Operation), was placed under the supervision of Brig.Gen. Oscar Westover, assistant chief of the Air Corps.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Air_Mail_Act (2007 words)

	Aviation Resource - History - 1920-1935
		Mail then could be delivered across the continent in as little as 29 hours eastbound and 34 hours westbound (prevailing winds from west to east accounted for the difference), which was two to three days less than it took by train.
		Scandal and the Air Mail Act of 1934
		By means of the Air Mail Act of 1934, the government once again tendered the mail to the private sector, but it did so under a new set of rules that would have a significant impact on the industry.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/4294/history/1920_1935.html (2359 words)

	North Coast Air: Stop Dreaming. Start Flying.
		Mail then could be delivered across the continent in as little as 29 hours eastbound and 34 hours westbound - prevailing winds from west to east accounted for the difference which was at least two days less than it took by train.
		The legislative authority for the move was the Contract Air Mail Act of 1925, commonly referred to as the Kelly Act after its chief sponsor, Rep. Clyde Kelly of Pennsylvania.
		By means of the Air Mail Act of 1934, the government once again returned airmail transportation to the private sector, but it did so under a new set of rules that would have a significant impact on the industry.
	www.northcoastair.com /educational.htm (5525 words)

	Airlines and Air Mail: The Post Office and the Birth of the Commercial Aviation Industry
		Air mail revenues were crucial to the formation of the first airlines as they struggled to develop and provide passenger service.
		According to van der Linden, it was Brown's air mail awards and guidance that "forged three large, stable, financially powerful aviation holding companies, each formed around a solid core of air transportation companies, solely dependent upon the federal government and thereby dedicated to operating in the public interest" (p.
		Airlines and Air Mail challenges the reader to keep track of the evolving company names, as well as the movers and shakers in the industry; a chart indicating the companies (with the names of the owners and chairmen) as they developed over time would have been a helpful addition to the book.
	eh.net /bookreviews/library/0630.shtml (1177 words)

	OnCourse - Aviation History Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Western Air Express was not happy with being forced into the central route with TAT, but Brown insisted it would be the only way they got into transcontinental service and knowing that Western would not survive without its air mail routes finally relented.
		The Air Mail Act of 1934 saw the government once again returning airmail transportation to the private sector, but it was under a new set of rules that would have serious impact upon the industry.
		It was the first pressurized aircraft, meaning that air was pumped into the aircraft as it gained altitude to maintain an atmosphere inside the cabin similar to the atmosphere that occurs at lower altitudes.
	www.vnwa.com /Oncourse/Histories/AviationHistory.htm (4964 words)

	Airmail and the Growth of the Airlines
		There was no incentive to carry mail since the airline would receive the same amount for a plane of a certain size whether it carried anything or not.
		The act also stated that the government would set airmail contracts, routes, and schedules; fix subsidy rates and airmail payments; and regulate the airways and license pilots.
		In skyhooking, a plane would hook outgoing mail that was hanging on a rope suspended between two posts using a grappling hook on the airplane's tail.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Government_Role/1930-airmail/POL6.htm (1673 words)

	Air Mail Comes of Age
		An important step bearing on the development of air mail traffic was taken by the Department on February 1, 1927, when a new postage rate of 10 cents per half ounce was put into effect, thereby entirely doing away with the complicated zoning system previously in use on the transcontinental and contract routes.
		The Air Mail Service was awarded the Collier trophy for the most important contributions to the development of aeronautics in the year 1922, and on its outstanding record of safety established, and again in the year 1923 for demonstrating the practicability of night flying.
		Interest in commercial aviation, and contract air mail service in particular, was further enlivened when in the spring of 1926 Congress passed a bill, known as the "Air Commerce Act of 1926," which briefly stated, imposed upon the Secretary of Commerce the duty of fostering the development of commercial aviation in the United States.
	www.airmailpioneers.org /history/Sagahistorytraffic.htm (1390 words)

	Chapter Five: Early Air Mail Flights
		Robertson was a major contractor to carry air mail between St. Louis and Chicago.
		Mail was stacked in the front seat and flown from the rear.
		To the modern day late show TV viewer or history buff, the experiences of the early air mail pilot were not unlike those of the pony express rider after a running encounter with a band of renegade Indians.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/mo/county/stlouis/tack/chap5.htm (840 words)

	Air Mail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It was the first move to pass on the Air Mail to private ownership.
		All of the Air Mail property was passed on to the US Department of Commerce.
		The privatization of the Air Mail was the beginning of modern air transportation.
	www.historicwings.com /features99/airmail/final-content01.html (128 words)

	Eastern Airlines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Air Mail Act of 1934 was major piece of legislation created by Congress in 1934 that would effect the aviation industry.
		In essence, this Act authorized the awarding of government mail contracts to private carries, established the rates for transporting mail and it set the airmail rates.
		Eastern Air Transport was one of several carriers that grew out of the Air Mail Act of 1934.
	avstop.com /History/HistoryOfAirlines/Eastern.htm (810 words)

	New England Air Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		His opportunity came with the passage of the Air Mail Act of 1925, commonly called the Kelly Act, which authorized the U.S. Post Office Department to contract with civilian contractors to transport air mail.
		The air mail contract for CAM No. 1 (Contract Air Mail route No. 1) was awarded to Colonial November 7, 1925.
		When, on this day, the Colonial Fokker Universal air mail plane landed at Hartford, Governor Trumbull climbed in next to the mail sacks and flew to Boston to celebrate the completion of the first flight.
	www.neam.org /avindct3.htm (855 words)

	Clean Air Act 1993 (c. 11) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Acts of Parliament printed from this website are printed under the superintendence and authority of the Controller of HMSO being the Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament.
		It should be noted that the right to reproduce the text of Acts of Parliament does not extend to the Queen's Printer imprints which should be removed from any copies of the Act which are issued or made available to the public.
		Braille copies of this Act can also be purchased at the same price as the print edition by contacting TSO Customer Services on 0870 600 5522 or e-mail:customer.services@tso.co.uk.
	www.opsi.gov.uk /acts/acts1993/Ukpga_19930011_en_1.htm (619 words)

	Airmail: The Air Mail Act of 1925 Through 1929
		As Kelly explained: The act “permits the expansion of the air mail service without burden upon the taxpayers.” By transferring airmail operations to private companies, the government effectively would help create the commercial aviation industry.
		One carrier, Ford Air Transport, won two of the routes and was the first to fly airmail under contract, starting on February 15, 1926.
		The mail carriers still favored the shorter routes within their zones but to meet government requirements, airlines began to merge and create longer routes to more cities.
	centennialofflight.gov /essay/Government_Role/1925-29_airmail/POL5.htm (1511 words)

	Eastern Air Lines 1939 - Eddie Rickenbacker as President
		The Air Mail Act of 1934 was passed after several more Army pilots were killed because they were untrained in instrument flying and their aircraft were inadequately equipped.
		Under the terms of the act, General Motors had to divest itself of most of its aviation holdings, but it was permitted to retain General Aviation Corporation and a reorganized Eastern Air Transport, with its name changed to Eastern Air Lines.
		Eastern at the end of 1934 was setting the pace for air transportation by flying passengers, mail and express on eight-hour nighttime schedules between New York and Miami and nine-hour schedules between Chicago and Miami to make connections with Pan American's system to South America and the Caribbean.
	www.scripophily.net /easair.html (5748 words)

	FAA History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		On May 15, 1918, the first air mail flight was made from New York to Washington, DC by an Army pilot in an Army aircraft.
		Plans were made to extend the air mail route all the way to the West Coast.
		There was no ‘air mail’ per se - local postmasters picked bags at random to send to the airfield.
	www.ama500.jccbi.gov /afss/History/faa.htm (1336 words)

	Lindbergh: U.S. Air Mail Service Pioneer
		Air Mail Service pilots are the unsung heroes of early aviation.
		During this period he twice had to bail out from the mail aircraft, and although on the first occasion the mail was destroyed, some of the mail is believed to have survived the second crash, as one piece has been found.
		The fledgling commercial air carriers were eager to have Charles Lindbergh work for them, and he joined Transcontinental Air Transport Company (TAT) for $10,000 a year and stock in 1929.
	www.charleslindbergh.com /airmail (2628 words)

	Cyrus K. Bettis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The U.S. air mail was carried from the west coast along the same route as the train through Chicago, Cleveland and New York to Washington, D.C..
		The Kelly Act authorized the Postmaster General to contract with any individual, firm, or corporation for the transportation of air mail by aircraft [as amended the next year] for the transmission of mail by aircraft at fixed rates per pound, including equipment.
		The Glenn Hammond Curtiss achievement award for outstanding "lifelong contribution and pioneering in the field of aviation" and for "his dogged determination in development of an air mail route" was presented to D. Barr Peat on May 19, 1962 in Bedford, Pennsylvania at a reunion of the OX5 Club of Pennsylvania.
	www.earlyaviators.com /ebettis5.htm (503 words)

	Understanding Clean Air Act
		The county Health Department has been relying on the bucket brigade to monitor for benzene and acrylonitrile because of the way the Clean Air Act breaks down responsibility for identifying chemicals in the air.
		The act requires the enforcing agency to control these by setting and enforcing standards for the maximum emission amounts at the source of emission.
		The act also provides that after seven years, the federal government will examine the residual risk from these chemicals.
	www.post-gazette.com /neigh_north/20030409nairside0409p7.asp (293 words)

	Clean Air Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Passed into law in 1970 with amendments in 1977 and 1990, the Clean Air Act is the federal law designed to make sure that all Americans have air that is safe to breathe.
		Public health protection is the primary goal, though the law also seeks to protect our environment from damage caused by air pollution.
		The air is cleaner and public health has improved.
	www.csc.noaa.gov /cmfp/reference/Clean_Air_Act.htm (239 words)

	The Clean Air Act
		Air pollution is the contamination of air by the discharge of harmful substances.
		The warnings also inform the general public that the air quality is so poor it could affect asthmatics and cause other respiratory problems and to be careful in their outdoor activity.
		The air we breathe, the water we drink, wildlife habitat, natural resources, and Earth's protective atmosphere are all affected by decisions we make about the vehicles we buy, how we drive them, how we refuel them, and how we maintain and repair them.
	www.nsc.org /ehc/mobile/acback.htm (3068 words)

	About ATA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The act brought the government into commercial aviation as regulator of the private airlines spawned by the Kelly Act of the previous year.
		The breakthrough came at Boeing with the Stratoliner, a derivation of the B-17 bomber introduced in 1940 and first flown by TWA.
		With its regulated air compressor, the 33-seat Stratoliner could fly as high as 20,000 feet and reach speeds of 200 miles per hour.
	www.airlines.org /about/d.aspx?nid=7946 (4801 words)

	Air Mail Service
		Domestic.—Five cents for the first ounce or fraction and ten cents for each additional ounce or fraction thereof, fully prepaid; such charge includes transportation to or from the Air Mail route as well as transportation by air.
		Special Air Mail Stamps are issued, but any stamps good for postage may be used.
		Indorsement.—All mail matter intended for dispatch "Via Air Mail" should be indorsed with those words to avoid possible errors in handling and dispatch.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles32n/law-32.shtml (144 words)

	PBS - Chasing the Sun - Timeline: 1920 to 1929
		During the nine years the U.S. Postal Office operated air mail service, 32 pilots - about one out of every six - were killed.
		Congress passes the Air Mail Act of 1925 (also known as the Kelly Act), permitting the government to hire private air carriers to deliver the mail.
		Pan American Airways officially begins air mail service by flying seven sacks of mail from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba.
	www.pbs.org /kcet/chasingthesun/timeline/1920.html (303 words)

	United Airlines - Timeline
		The air mail "scandal" prompts U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt to cancel all air mail contracts.
		U.S. Congress passes the Air Mail Act of 1934, authorizing bids on new contracts for air mail routes and prohibiting airlines from owning aircraft and/or equipment manufacturing companies.
		The act emancipates airlines from the control of the U.S. Post Office Department and establishes the Civil Aeronautics Board as the airlines' regulating agency.
	www.united.com /page/article/0,6722,2311,00.html (299 words)

	North Coast Air: Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Contract Air Mail Act of 1925
		Half of the tour consists of being driven by your naturalist in an open air, authentic safari vehicle.
		The remainder of the tour allows ample time for walking in the inner compound to visit giraffes, primates and walking through our open-air aviary.
	www.northcoastair.com /Resources.htm (6020 words)

	Aviation Firsts - Pennsylvania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Before retiring from NASA, Bluford became a veteran of four shuttle flights as mission specialist and flight engineer, including the third flight of the space shuttle Challenger in 1983.
		Before retiring from NASA in 1993, Bluford became a veteran of four shuttle flights as mission specialist and flight engineer, including the third flight of the space shuttle Challenger in 1983.
		Juan Trippe, one of the original partners in Colonial, would later pioneer international air travel with Pan Am, a carrier he founded in 1927 to transport mail between Key West, FL, and Havana, Cuba.
	www.dot.state.mn.us /aero/aved/museum/aviation_firsts/pennsylvania.htm (432 words)

	Air Mail Contracts Given
		(10/7/25) Five private companies won air mail contracts in the United States.
		The air mail awards were given after the Air Mail Act took effect.
		Under the Act, all air mail that was once transported by the US government would soon be transported by private companies.
	www.multied.com /Technology/Tech1920-1939/AirMailContracts.html (60 words)

	Miss Pittsburgh, Early Airmail Pickup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Kelly Air Mail Act was finally signed into law by President Calvin Coolidge on January 17, 1925.
		Aside from its original purpose, to relieve the government of the responsibility for carrying mail by air, the Kelly Act also contained a clause that allowed the fostering of commercial aviation in the United States.
		Clifford Ball, Inc. was awarded Contract Air Mail 11 (CAM 11) on March 21, 1926.
	facweb.stvincent.edu /academics/english/faculty/wissolik/misspgh.htm (200 words)

	Clean Air Act
		Such ventilation system shall discharge air from the separate smoking room at least twenty-five feet away from operable windows, doors, air conditioning, and any other heating, ventilation and air conditioning intakes.
		Playgrounds, gymnasiums, health clubs, enclosed areas containing a swimming pool and areas where bingo is played are not “sports arenas and recreational areas” within the meaning of this subdivision.
		“Negative air pressure” shall mean the air exhausted to the outdoors from a room is at a greater volume than the volume of air supplied into the room.
	cigarettesmokingkills.com /caanew.html (2789 words)

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