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Topic: Air Raid Precautions

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Air Raid Precautions
		Air Raid Precautions (ARP) was an organization in the United Kingdom dedicated to the protection of civilians from the danger of air-raids.
		The ARP was disbanded in 1946, to be reconstituted as the Civil Defence Corps in 1948.
		Air Raid Precautions (ARP) was an organisation in the United Kingdom dedicated to the protection of civilians from the danger of air-raids.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Air_Raid_Precautions (1175 words)

	Air Raid Precautions
		Volunteer air observers were constantly vigilant and civilians of all ages practiced concealment.
		Air Raid Precautions (ARP) is one of the most remembered aspects of home-front Australia.
		On 1 November 1942, extensive ARP exercises were carried out under air raid conditions by 5,000 ARP workers in seven municipalities of the city of Melbourne under air raid conditions.
	www.awm.gov.au /underattack/mobilise/precautions.asp (282 words)

	Air Raid Precautions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Air Raid Precautions (ARP) was an organisation in the United Kingdom dedicated to the protection of civilians from the danger of air-raids.
		During the Second World War, ARP was responsible for the handing out of gas masks, pre-fabricated air-raid shelters (such as Anderson shelters, as well as Morrison shelters), the upkeep of local public shelters, the maintenance of the flout and the rescue of people after raids.
		The ARP was disbanded in 1946, to be reconstituted as the Civil Defence Corps in 1948.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Air_Raid_Precautions (655 words)

	Air Raid Precautions - The Blitz
		Birmingham was raided in October and on the 14th November the whole of the centre of Coventry was totally devastated.
		On the 29th December, 1940 came the infamous attack on the City of London, when the Thames was at low ebb so that there was a great shortage of water.
		The 'Baedeker Raids' against historic and beautiful cities such as Bath and York in 1942, and the V1 and V2 rocket campaigns of the latter war years kept the civil defence services on alert almost to the end of the war in Europe, but nothing approached the intensity, horror and devastation of the London Blitz.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /homefront/arp/arp4.html (494 words)

	Report Of Professor Robert Jan Van Pelt
		From the beginning, all German air raid shelters were designed to protect against poison gas as well as against bombs.
		Description and drawing* of air raid protection tunnel frame made from concrete, which can be delivered immediately from our yard at a suburban railway station in Berlin by railway or road truck.
		One of the problems in the air raid shelter theory is that none of the plans of morgue 1 or crematorium 2 and 3 shows what is a necessary standard feature of any air raid shelter: an emergency exit.
	www.holocaust-history.org /irving-david/vanpelt/vanpelt-airraid.shtml (4581 words)

	Air Raid Precautions
		Cellars and basements were requisitioned for air raid shelters and trenches were dug in the parks of large towns.
		When air raids are threatened, warning will be given in towns by sirens, or hooters which will be sounded in some places by short blasts and in others by a warbling note, changing every few seconds.
		The A. (Air Raid Precautions) defences and expense are founded upon a wholly fallacious view of the degree of danger to each part of the country which they cover.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWarp.htm (2486 words)

	Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management
		Starting in 1924 the Air Staff provided estimates to the Air Raid Precautions subcommittee of the Home Office that indicated the outcome of an attack by a hypothetical continental adversary in the first few hours of a future war.
		The United Kingdom's air raid precautions organization was based on the theory that civil defense is a war fought at the neighborhood level.
		If the damage caused by an air raid was so large that neighborhood resources were unable to meet the needs, resources could be brought in from other areas to operate under the control of the local organization.
	www.richmond.edu /~wgreen/Earporgan.htm (1371 words)

	General Description Of War Gases WW1 \| Great War \| Medical Front WWI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Such substances are, generally speaking, dispersed in the air as vapours or as poisonous smokes, and exert their action on persons breathing the air thus contaminated.
		Essential air raid personnel who might have to be exposed to risk of contamination in performing public services will be supplied by the Government with the necessary protective clothing.
		At such times the absence of air movements causes the gas to dissipate very slowly with the result that a high concentration is maintained for a long time.
	www.vlib.us /medical/gaswar/arp3.htm (1761 words)

	Air raid precautions
		For your own safety you should make preparations now, and learn the things you should do immediately you are warned of an impending air raid.
		Air raid precautions: keep your head down when in an open trench.
		Also, you might be short of drinking water after an air raid.
	www.ww2australia.gov.au /allin/airraid.html (324 words)

	Two Japanese Air Raids at Darwin, NT on 19 February 1942
		By far the heaviest attack was the air raids on Darwin on 19 February 1942.
		This raid was upwards of 27 heavy bombers which flew at a great height and indulged in pattern bombing, more than 200 bombs being dropped according to one observer.
		Air Force officers, however, expressed the view that there were no novel tactics displayed and that the performance of the Japanese aircraft was not beyond their expectations.
	home.st.net.au /~dunn/darwin02.htm (5032 words)

	Plmouth, UK, Air Raids in World War II
		Plmouth, UK, Air Raids in World War II By the late 1930s it was obvious that war with Germany was imminent.
		Tungsten mine outside of Plymouth at Hemerdon,which still has it`s Blackout blinds in place as well as an air raid shelter running under it,..complete with sign.People would have to remain in the shelters until the All Clear was sounded.
		At the end of the tunnel section was a false wall - testament to the day when the shelter was damaged in an air raid - and where part of it was sealed off.
	www.cyber-heritage.co.uk /waiting/air.htm (1163 words)

	Air Raid Precautions - Gas Masks
		Thousands of crippled ex-servicemen were living reminders of the horrors of the gas attacks on the Western Front during the First World War; gas had been used by the Italians in their invasion of Ethiopia in 1935.
		ARP volunteers were drilled in anti-gas measures, gingerly sniffing tiny phials of the poisonous stuff to learn how to distinguish the distinctive odours of each type.
		It was built of wood with a triplex glass window, air valve, a filter from a gas mask and a large bulb at the rear to pump out the air - ‘when the bulb is pressed, air is forced out via the valve, and the air is let in via the filter.'
	www.fortunecity.co.uk /meltingpot/oxford/330/arp/arp5.html (647 words)

	The National Archives Learning Curve \| Home Front
		A.R.P. became the name of the organisation that was in charge of air raid precautions
		In the war, these guns were set up around air fields, docks and military bases, and also in towns and cities where they were often placed in parks and playing fields away from houses.
		A large air raid shelter that was stronger than the small shelters people used in their houses or gardens.
	www.learningcurve.gov.uk /homefront/glossary.htm (3048 words)

	Publish and be Damned \| The fourth Arm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Air Raid Precautions sub-committee of the Committee for Imperial Defence was established in 1924 to examine the effects of the small number of air raids on London during World War One and the likely effects of aerial bombardment in any future war.
		The majority of the initial ARP training materials issued by the Home Office were related to gas and the bulk of the equipment issued for ARP - respirators of six different types, anti-gas capes and oilskins, detector plates, anti-gas ointments and so on - was for personal protection against gas.
		The central pillar of the wartime civil defence service was the air raid warden, who acted as the prime point of contact between the civil defence services and the public.
	www.pabd.com /2004/books/jaitken/Excerpt (2145 words)

	Air Raid Precautions (ARP) and Civil Defence (CD) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A corp of ARP volunteers was established throughout Britain starting in 1938 -- Air Raid Wardens, Observers (plane spotters), Fire Watchers, Rescue Workers, Messengers, etc. A small percentage of the Air Raid Wardens were full-time and paid a small stipend.
		The most visible ARP volunteers were the Air Raid Wardens who were invested with the authority to enforce flout regulations, determine Air Raid alert status and establish shelter assignments.
		My job was to ride my bike to the local ARP Warden's post (#1 Glen View Rd.) after the air raid all-clear had sounded in order to deliver messages to other posts and Civil Defence control as directed by the Wardens.
	www.jp29.org /2arp.htm (1815 words)

	Frontline London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In 1935 the Home Office had set up an ARP department tasked with planning for the mass scale evacuation of cities, the training of gas and bomb precautions and the wholesale expansion of fire services that would be required if Britain was subjected to a large scale bombing campaign.
		Secondly by giving out clear, concise instructions to members of the public during a raid, they were able to gain their trust and confidence, leading them to the shelter at night, pulling them free from debris if the rescue services had yet to arrive and making their nightly rounds to the shelters.
		He was killed during a particularly heavy raid on the 19th April 1941 in the area of Kensington.
	www.frontlinelondon.com /arp.htm (646 words)

	The National Archives Learning Curve \| Home Front
		Evacuation plans were hastily announced; anti-aircraft guns were set up; and deep trenches were dug in London parks to serve as air raid shelters.
		One result of the crisis was the fast development of air raid precautions (A.R.P.) under the leadership of Sir John Anderson.
		The experts had over-estimated the strength of the German air force, and the amount of bombs that it could drop.
	www.learningcurve.gov.uk /homefront/bombing/shelters/default.htm (353 words)

	HyperWar: Problems of Social Policy [Chapter V]
		The first were intended to form part of an air raid precautions medical organisation, they were to be run by local authorities under the direction of the Air Raid Precautions Department, and part of the cost was to fall on local revenues.
		The great majority of hospitals were therefore expected to treat or give first aid to casualties resulting from air raids in their locality, while those outside the dangerous areas were expected, in addition to carrying on their ordinary work, to receive for further treatment both casualties and other patients transferred from the towns.
		This would make it possible to send air raid victims to any of the inner casualty hospitals irrespective of their voluntary or municipal status and, subsequently, for patients to be evacuated to affiliated institutions in outer areas again regardless of hospital ownership.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-Civil-Social/UK-Civil-Social-5.html (14180 words)

	The Homeroom - Air Raid Safety Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The chilling prospect of an attack by the Soviet Union caused the provincial government to establish a Civil Defence Committee.
		Air raid sirens were positioned in many city neighbourhoods and in larger communities, air raid shelters were constructed.
		On hearing the eerie wail of the air raid siren, pupils were supposed to make their way to the nearest air raid shelter.
	www.mala.bc.ca /homeroom/content/topics/Programs/airraid.htm (142 words)

	Air Raid Precautions - Home Front - WWII - The Keep Military Museum, Dorchester, Dorset
		Amongst the duties of the ARP was to enforce the 'Blackout', which was intended to prevent streetlights, light from windows, etc. providing German night bombers with visual navigation aids.
		As a first response to the threat of bombing in the late summer of 1939, trenches were dug around schools and factories for children and workers to take cover during the confidently expected air raids.
		As the Phoney War lengthened into autumn and winter, however, proper air raid shelters were issued to the population to supplement the public and institutional shelters that were replacing trenches as places of shelter around the county.
	www.keepmilitarymuseum.org /homefront/precautions.php (387 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 - This Sceptred Isle - Anschluss and the Munich Agreement
		For the first time in history Britain was faced with the terrible threat of attack from the air.
		It is not true to say, as a government spokesman said recently, that we are all pretty well acquainted with the details of air raid precautions.
		The public who have noticed only the sensational superficialities of newspapers, have the most fantastic ideas about the nature of aerial warfare, the dangers of gas, and the futility of resistance.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/sceptred_isle/page/201.shtml?question=201 (483 words)

	Evidence: What to do in an Air Raid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In an attempt to settle the panic, the government issued the booklet to prove that civil defence and air raid precautions were in place.
		By the time of its release in the autumn of 1938, senior British government figures at the Cabinet Office, Air Ministry and in the RAF were convinced that civil defence measures were unlikely to play much of a part in reducing civilian casualties.
		I first came across this book as a reference in an American Air Force journal and there lies the clue to the clarity of this work, it wasn't written as sentimental history it was meant to be a manual of what not to do if you find yourself in a crucial management position.
	www.swanseahistoryweb.org.uk /subheads/samples/raidfr.htm (1041 words)

	Report of the result of the investigation into the working of the financial provisions of the Air Raid Precautions Act, ...
		Report of the result of the investigation into the working of the financial provisions of the Air Raid Precautions Act, 1937, under Section 10 of that Act
		Working of the financial provisions of the Air Raid Precautions Act, 1937, under section 10 of that Act
		Local authorities submitted that where in 1941-42 or any subsequent year, after allowing for any grant receipt, the burden left on the rates in respect of civil defence expenditure exceeded the produce of a 3d.
	www.bopcris.ac.uk /bopall/ref8949.html (190 words)

	No. 83/1940: AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS ACT, 1939 (GRANTS UNDER SECTION 58) REGULATIONS, 1940.
		AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS ACT, 1939 (GRANTS UNDER SECTION 58) REGULATIONS, 1940.
		These Regulations may be cited as the Air-raid Precautions Act, 1939 (Grants under Section 58) Regulations, 1940.
		Subject to the provisions of Regulation 5 of these Regulations, no expenses incurred in providing or securing the provision of air-raid shelter shall be deemed, for the purposes of Section 58 of the Act, to be reasonable in so far as they exceed the appointed standard.
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /ZZSI83Y1940.html (865 words)

	Air Raid
		However Wills, Air Raid Precautions [1938] is, for me, probably the set which sums up the mood of the time and the fact that cards were to be taken very seriously indeed.
		The Air Raid Precuations Badge is made of silver and consists of the Royal Crown with the letters 'ARP' underneath.
		All members of the following ARP Services are eligible for the badge, providing they are serving on a voluntary basis in peacetime, have served for at least one month and are efficient members of the organization to which they belong;
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/Franklyn_Roberts/raid.htm (1194 words)

	Air Raid Precautions Homepage
		These pages about Air Raid Precautions and Civil Defence form a website within the wider NBCD (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence) website [www.nbcd.org.uk].
		For the moment concentration will centre on the British Air Raid Precautions service, in particular the advice given to householders on how to prepare for air raids in the run-up to the outbreak of war in 1939.
		The equipment and methods of using it will also be examined in detail, along with the myriad handbooks, manuals and other published material.
	www.nbcd.org.uk /arp/index.asp (156 words)

	Welcome to British Red Cross and St John Ambulance
		The plan was to destroy morale through heavy bombing raids on towns and cities.
		With other staff, she slept on the platform, supervised the nightly arrival of ‘food trains’, and calmed people as the bombs fell.
		On October 19,1940, she called into the ARP (Air Raid Precautions) post near her Coventry home.
	www.caringonthehomefront.org.uk /airraids/stories.htm (584 words)

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