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Topic: Air bearing

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	Nelson Air - Air Bearing Primer
		Air bearings also offer much higher stiffness than rolling element bearings because the air film fully supports the components, as opposed to balls or rollers which have point or line contact and are therefore limited due to Hertzian contact stiffness.
		What this means for air bearings is that although they have a lower load capacity, gas bearings have essentially zero friction at all speeds and because the tight bearing clearances demand high accuracy components this results in extremely high accuracy motion.
		Air bearings can be used without any preload (such as a simple flat pad riding on a granite surface), however, in order to maximize the stiffness of the air bearing and help maintain constant air gap it is typical to preload it using one of four basic methods:
	www.nelsonair.com /NA_primer.htm (2219 words)

	Fluid bearing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fluid bearings are bearings which solely support the bearing's loads on a thin layer of liquid or gas.
		Foil bearings are a type of air bearing that was introduced in turbine applications in the 1960s by Garrett AiResearch.
		Air hockey is a game based on an aerostatic bearing which suspends the puck and player's paddles to provide low friction and thus fast motion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Air_bearing (1278 words)

	Self-acting air bearing - Patent 5909966
		A self-acting air bearing includes a housing, a shaft member supported in the housing, a cylindrical member which is installed around the shaft member coaxially and rotatably, and which rotates and generates a dynamic air pressure and thereby the cylindrical member is floatingly supported from the shaft member.
		A device with the self-acting air bearing according to claim 1, wherein the wave of one cycle between the beginning position of the one of the concavities and the ending position of the one of the convexes includes a harmonic wave and high frequency components of lower amplitude than the harmonic wave.
		Further, in the case of the air bearing, as the bearing number is higher, the pressure at a position of minimum bearing spacing is higher and the pressure at a position of maximum bearing spacing is lower by non-linear effect of the compressibility effect.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5909966.html (3848 words)

	The L.S. Starrett Company
		Air bearings are non-contact, minimizing wear and are also "self-purging" which keeps the machine guideways clean and free from particulate matter.
		The result is a larger bearing support surface and a significantly stiffer bearing with a small air gap between the air bearing and the granite or ceramic guide member.
		Since an air bearing is similar to a spring, it will attempt to move away from the guide member or compress toward the guide member whenever the machine is in motion and especially when there is a weight transfer as the carriage assembly moves across the bridge structure.
	catalog.starrett.com /bearing.html (520 words)

	Space Electronics - Air Bearings
		The motion of an air bearing follows the average of the shape of the rotor, so that the precision of motion is better than the precision of the surface of the bearing.
		In essence, the air bearing is a servomechanism with closed loop control, and maintains a uniform gap in spite of external forces that may be applied.
		The gap between rotor and stator is larger in an air bearing than it is in a ball bearing, and the flow of air constantly expels dirt from this gap.
	www.space-electronics.com /Products/air_bearings.php (979 words)

	Pressurized air-ionization ground for an air bearing spindle - Patent 5801464
		The bearings 24 and 26 rotate relative to a housing 44.
		The bearings 24 and 26 are typically constructed from aluminum with a hardened layer of carbon that is electrically conductive.
		The connecting shaft 28 of the bearings 24 and 26 may have a longitudinal air passage (not shown) that is in fluid communication with the chuck 12 and a pair of outer openings 60 located on opposing sides of the shaft 28.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5801464.html (1969 words)

	Interim Testing of CMM Systems
		For air bearing machines, water in the airlines is a significant source of bearing contamination and can produce undesirable conditions such as bearing drag or potential failure.
		Air lines should be kept in good condition and secure; a sudden drop in air pressure while the machine is in motion could damage both the air bearings and ways.
		Although air bearing systems tend to reject large debris by the outward flow of dispelled air, and by maintaining small (often under 10 micron) air gaps at the bearing-way interface, the gradual accumulation of material, e.g.
	www.helmel.com /BearingsVersusAirArt2.htm (462 words)

	Advantages
		With aerodynamic bearings, starting and stopping causes some rubbing within the bearing clearance, but this can be alleviated by introducing a pulse of air just as the bearing begins translation.
		The air bearing’s great resilience stems from the fact that with positive pressure existing inside the bearing, all foreign matter is repelled away from the critical bearing surfaces.
		Unlike some rolling element bearing supports that require periodic maintenance, cleaning, the addition of oil lubricants and sometimes the replacement or re-surfacing of guideways, the air bearing’s self-cleaning nature allows it to be virtually maintenance-free.
	www.specialtycomponents.com /nf/advantages.htm (707 words)

	Nelson Air - Atlas I Linear Motor Air Bearing Stages
		High performance air bearings with integrated linear servomotors and optical encoders deliver totally noncontact, frictionless motion with submicron resolution and repeatability.
		Air bearings are the proven standard for superior smoothness of motion and positioning control in high precision applications.
		Fully preloaded air bearings allow these stages to operate in any orientation and a pneumatic counterbalance can be fitted for vertical operation.
	www.nelsonair.com /NA_atlasi.htm (392 words)

	Maintenance
		That same chip can find its way just as well between the air pad and way of an air bearing machine, and is much more likely to do serious and costly damage there than to our machine.
		Air pads are less accessible, require more caution and skill and take longer to perform preventive maintenance.
		An air bearing CMM will consume $500.00 to $2,000.00 worth of compressed air each and every year, over and above the installation cost of the air supply line and filter system.
	www.helmel.com /BearingsVersusAirArt6.htm (302 words)

	Air Bearing Tables - Fiberoptics, Photonics, Semiconductor Equipment, Linear, Systems, Stages
		Aerotech air bearing tables incorporate over three decades of knowledge we have in designing high precision motion control and positioning systems.
		Driven by our brushless linear servomotors, Aerotech air bearings are perfect in semiconductor equipment, fiberoptics, photonics, and other critical industrial automation applications.
		This design, in addition to the large air bearing surface that distributes the load over a large surface area, results in outstanding stiffness that is ideal for heavy or offset loading.
	www.aerotech.com /products/airbearing/air_bearings.html (466 words)

	Lincoln Laser - High Capacity Aerodynamic Air Bearing (HCAB) by Sean Coleman
		Aerostatic air bearings are a good option to meet this demand for better performance however, these bearings tend to be expensive and require an additional air supply, filtering and drying system.
		Cylindrical air bearings are difficult to pair up with an optical encoder because of the axial movement of the rotor.
		A special fixture incorporating a static air bearing spindle was used to support the HCAB rotor for rotation while the disk was centered with an optical scope.
	www.lincolnlaser.com /articles/article.cfm?article=32 (3905 words)

	Air Bearing Clock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Air bearings have the advantage of providing very low friction, no wear and very low dependence on temperature.
		Porous carbon bearings are available as "off the shelf" design components from New Way Bearings (www.newwaybearings.com), The air bearing and the "pillow block" that supports it for this clock cost approximately $200.
		The air bearing (bushing) is attached to the fl anodized aluminum beam at the top of the channel.
	www.europa.com /~holmstro/Air.htm (466 words)

	Air Caster Rigging Equipment for Moving Heavy Loads on a Bearing of Air, Air Casters and Air Bearings float loads on ...
		Air Bearings can move your heaviest loads omni-directionally and provide an ergonomic means of moving and positioning loads that use to require a lot of physical brunt force to move.
		Air Bearing use in Turntables is beneficially for several reasons; to reduce the co-efficient of friction during the rotation of the loaded table.
		With the short lift of the top plate once the air bearings are energized, the rest position becomes an positive stop holding the table top in place during load and unload transfers or while work or assembly is performed.
	www.solvinginc.com /rig_set_modular_air_bearing_syst.htm (613 words)

	Ergonomic Equipment, Mobile Scissor Lift Tables, Air Bearing Pallets, Turn Tables and Air Casters
		Air bearing turntable with two tilt tables are standard ergonomic equipment among the automotive industry.
		Once the air casters are de-energized, the lift table rests on landing pads for a positive stop during load / unload and assembly.
		The Air casters provide a separate means of ergonomics by making the mobile lift table easier to move, and saves on the back by raising the load at an ergonomic height.
	solvinginc.com /ergonomic_equipment.htm (560 words)

	NASA - NASA FactSheet
		Foil air bearings are self-acting hydrodynamic bearings that use ambient air as the lubricant instead of oil.
		For a foil air bearing, the maximum load capacity is dependent on the design of the top and bump foils, diameter, and length and speed of the rotating shaft.
		Until recently, foil air bearings were relegated to applications under approximately 400 °F. One obstacle was the need for a high-temperature coating on the shaft.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/glenn/about/fs14grc.html (1557 words)

	Microglide™ Air Bearing Positioning Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Since air bearings distribute their load over a relatively large and extremely flat area, they have built-in averaging effect that compensates for any minor irregularities in the reference surface.
		Combining an engineered-ceramic beam and air bearing technology produces a precise, non-contacting positioning system, with the optimal arrangement of components for repeatable sub-micron performance.
		The upper (X) axis glides on a set of Anorad air bearings, to perform extremely smooth scanning moves with negligible velocity ripple and vibration.
	rockwellautomation.com /anorad/products/airbearingsystems/index.html (287 words)

	Poul Ladegaard's Air Bearing Tangential Tonearm Page
		Independent of the design it is a welcome property of air bearing arms that they almost automatically have the desirable big difference in vertical and horizontal inertia.
		The air holes can be drilled on a 'kitchen table' level from th back of the angle profile with bits of comfortable oversize.
		The distance from the horizontal bearing to the bottom of the the arm base can be be made as little as 10 mm, depending on the thickness of the profile.
	www.aiko.com /roscoe/airbearingarm.html (3192 words)

	Air Tight Hubs
		If you had to press on the bushing with an old bearing, when the bearing bottoms out, remove the bearing and use a brass or aluminum punch to place the bushing in against the shoulder.
		If the bushing has to be driven on with an old bearing, then once the bearing bottoms out on the spindle, remove the bearing and use a brass or aluminum punch to place the bushing in that 1/8 of an inch.
		Clean the hub where the seal is pressed in with a degreaser and apply bonding agent 360 degrees on the hubs inner dimensions and apply bonding agent 360 degrees on the seal's outer dimensions.
	www.airtighthubs.com /installation.php (3038 words)

	Air bearing information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An air bearing is a device that is designed to be inflated with compressed air to initially form a seal with the floor surface and, with further inflation, to create a thin film of air between the bearing and the floor surface causing the air bearing to float in a similar way to a hovercraft.
		A load module is a device that houses an air bearing and an air flow control valve, and allows the passage of compressed air to enter the air bearing and causes it to inflate and float on a floor surface.
		The bottom shows the four air bearing exhaust holes and a center hole through which a load pad is attached securing the air bearing to the load module.
	www.airbearing.com /air-bearing-information.html (282 words)

	The Cartridge Man : The Conductor Parallel Tracking Air Bearing Tonearm
		Unusually for an air bearing, the air is pumped into the bearing tube from both ends and the inner chamber is divided into two sections.
		Unusually for an air bearing, the air is pumped into the inner bearing tube (# C) from two ends (# H) and the inner chamber is divided into two sections.
		The bearing tube is thus completely supported on a cushion of air as it travels across the record.
	www.soundscapehifi.com /cartridgeman-conductor.htm (1394 words)

	Encoders - Air Bearing
		The rotation precision of an air bearing is designed to be 0.05µm maximum, much more precise than ball bearings.
		Canon’s air bearings use porous chokes in their bearings, so even under normal factory supply-air pressure (490 kpa), they are sufficiently rigid for common use.
		Compared with bearings with orifice chokes and selfformed chokes, the rigidity per unit area is higher, the flow consumption is about ten times (one digit) smaller, and the damping capacity is also higher than that of bearings with other types of chokes.
	www.usa.canon.com /html/industrial_encoders/ab_index.html (179 words)

	Excellon Automation Co. - Leading Manufacturer of PCB Drills&Routers
		The air pressure to keep the air bearings "stiff" must be at least 80 PSI at the input to the spindle.
		The air pressure to keep the bearings "stiff" must be at least 80 PSI at the input to the spindle.
		Overheating a spindle causes the metal to expand, sufficating the air bearing gaps.
	www.excellon.com /spindlerepair101.htm (450 words)

	Hovair Systems - If it's heavy...float it! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When compressed air is applied through feed holes in the backing plate, the Air Bearing inflates a centimetre or two.
		The air is then allowed to leak to atmosphere around the perimeter of the diaphragm, creating a film of air between the diaphragm and the floor.
		This film of air produces a coefficient of friction as low as 0.001 or 0.002, thus allowing very heavy loads to be moved with little effort.
	www.hovairsystems.co.uk /how.htm (194 words)

	Rapid Traverse - Air Bearing Spindles For Very High Speed Operations
		Compressed air entering the air bearing spindle is divided into two paths—one to rotate the spindle and the other to support the spindle in the bearing chamber.
		The spindle and air bearing race are precisely machined to allow 0.02-mm separation between surfaces.
		That is, air pressure must first be applied to the spindle to create the cushion between the spindle and bearing race.
	www.mmsonline.com /articles/0504rt2.html (373 words)

	GMN Paul Müller Industrie GmbH & Co. KG
		Ball bearings, on the other hand, offer an attractive price-performance ratio apart from the advantage of sturdiness in a rough environment.
		In addition, the hybrid air bearing unites the advantages of a purely dynamic and a purely static air bearing in an ideal manner; low operating costs and maximum life.
		These values are achieved because the polygons and the air bearings are manufactured from one piece, i.e.
	www.gmn.de /e/spindeln/opto/information/index.html (542 words)

	Air Caster Systems by IntelliCaster Company
		The floor surface cannot be significantly porous to air pressure to the limit of the air bearing pressure (about 30 PSI).
		At best, air supply will be wasted by these imperfections and at worst, the membrane can drag on the floor and possibly stop movement.
		Rough floors (even carpeted floors) can be traversed by air bearings if the floors can be covered with thin sheets of metal (such as.040 inch aluminum 4 foot by 10 foot sheets), and the air bearings can be levitated upon the sheets.
	www.intellicaster.com /floorcond.htm (1061 words)

	Air Bearing
		AIR BEARING TECHNOLOGY, Inc. is the leading manufacturer of precision air bearing spindle systems, linear air slides, air supplies, controllers, pneumatic and manual disk chucks for magnetic and optical media.
		If you are unable to attend, e-mail us with your pertinent information and we will be happy to send you our product catalog.
		AIR BEARING TECHNOLOGY is dedicated to continually improving our products.
	www.airbearingtechnology.com (94 words)

	ABTech : X-Theta Air Bearing Stage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		ABTech's X-Theta stage combines ultra-precision rotary and linear air bearing stages with DC brushless motors and high resolution non-contact encoders to produce the ultimate smooth moving stage, ideally suited for wafer scanning machine applications.
		The CET feature allows the air bearing exhaust to be drawn to a common port, where a vacuum supply can be connected to take the exhaust flow away from the work area.
		The Theta or rotary axis is a custom 150mm diameter air bearing rotary spin table with a DC brushless motor integrally built into the lower thrust plate.
	www.abtechmfg.com /xtheta.html (255 words)

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