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Engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In the context of propulsion systems, an air breathing engine is one that uses atmospheric air to oxidise the fuel carried, rather than carrying an oxidiser, as in a rocket. Human power was focused by the use of simple engines, such as the capstan, windlass or treadmill, and with ropes, pulleys, and block and tackle arrangements, this power was transmitted and multiplied. Design changes incorporated all known methods of raising engine capacity, including increasing the pressure in the cylinders to improve efficiency, increasing the size of the engine, and increasing the speed at which power is generated. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Engine   (1406 words)

Scramjet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sometimes engines also include a region which acts as a flame holder, although the high stagnation temperatures mean that an area of focused waves may be used, rather than a discrete engine part as seen in turbine engines. For a scramjet, the kinetic energy of the freestream air entering the scramjet engine is large compared to the energy released by the reaction of the oxygen content of the air with a fuel (say hydrogen). The jetliner uses scramjet engines to reach a point high in the stratosphere for a quick two-hour jump from Los Angeles to Sydney, and the engines are powered with hydrogen. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scramjet   (3981 words)

Air-Breathing Engines   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) The air is compressed, mixed with fuel, ignited and expelled as the exhaust gas. The maximum velocity of the air-breathing engine vehicle is limited to 2 km/s due to extreme temperature and dissociation of the exhaust gas. Practicable hydrogen-breathing engines are slower because a burning mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is used instead of pure hydrogen. www.islandone.org /LEOBiblio/SPBI1AB.HTM   (370 words)

Aircraft Engines - Level 3 This was an enclosure for the engine that limited the flow of air over the engine cylinders to the air actually in contact with the cooling fins of the cylinders. The evolution of the propeller-based engines are called turboprops, although the only similar characteristic of today's turboprop and the original air-cooled engines is in that both of them use a propeller in the front. Air breathing engines are also known as gas turbines and aircraft engines are referred to (wrongly) as just turbines. www.allstar.fiu.edu /aerojava/Propulsion1.htm   (1556 words)

Shuttle The engine was to have a thrust of 270,000 kgf in vacuum, 235,000 kgf at sea level, and be throttleable from 73% to 100% of the rated thrust. The engine for the booster was to use a 5:1 ratio expansion nozzle, producing 227,000 kgf at sea level. Engines 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007 were to have been certified ready for flight in the first half on 1979. www.astronautix.com /lvs/shuttle.htm   (8762 words)

Propulsion The original jet engine, discussed in the History section, became known as the turbojet. The typical turbojet engine has all 5 of the components described in the previous section: an inlet, a compressor, a combustor, a turbine, and a nozzle. As engineers struggled to overcome the limitations of the turboprop engine for airplanes at higher speeds, a new design emerged: the turbofan. wings.avkids.com /Book/Propulsion/advanced/types-01.html   (1262 words)

Engine This form of the term has recently come into use once again in computer science, where terms like search engine, "3-D graphics rendering engine" and "text-to-speech engine" are common. This is partially due to the improvement of engine control systems (computers) and forced induction (turbos and superchargers), giving modern diesel engines the same power characteristics as gasoline engines. The automobile motor from Europe had a bigger range, varying from 1to12 cylinders with corresponding differences in overall size, weight, piston displacement, and cylinder bores. www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/en/engine.html   (1208 words)

Howstuffworks "How Air-breathing Rockets Will Work" The idea of an engine that draws in air to provide thrust isn't new. Jet engines have been using this process for decades. Using air from the atmosphere for supersonic jet engines to power a lightweight spacecraft will ultimately lessen the cost of putting the spacecraft into orbit. science.howstuffworks.com /air-breathing-rocket.htm   (271 words)

ch2-9 Another possibility is that the Air Force managers may have felt the exploratory research had fulfilled all of its objectives and without an application, there was no need for further work. There is, also, the ever-present possibility that the sum of all of hydrogen's disadvantages-formidable for military applications-may have overwhelmed Wright Field's attraction to the high energy of hydrogen in the same manner experienced earlier by both Tsiolkovskiy and Goddard. Unlike the Air Force, however, the Navy had a specific application in mind and its efforts to secure approval to develop a hydrogen-oxygen rocket will be discussed next. history.nasa.gov /SP-4404/ch2-9.htm   (441 words)

ScienceDaily: Air-Breathing Rocket Tests Successful The latest ground testing focused on engine performance during low-speed portions of the flight, when high thrust levels are needed to push the air-breathing rocket through Earth's atmosphere. Engine, Parachute Tests Pave Way For Launch Escape System (December 29, 2003) -- NASA has tested rocket engines and parachutes that could be instrumental in developing the first spacecraft crew launch escape system in almost 30... Jet engine -- A jet engine is any engine that accelerates and discharges a fast moving jet of fluid to generate thrust in accordance with Newton's third law of... www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2000/03/000331151953.htm   (1592 words)

Designations Of U.S. Military Aero Engines The Air Force was assigned model numbers 100 to 399, the Navy 400 to 699 and the Army 700 to 999. E.g., the Liberty 12 engine of the 1920s and the Merlin engine of WW II were both officially known as V-1650. Piston engines, however, are no longer supposed to use the displacement-based designations, but this seems to be a purely theoretical change, because no new piston engines are developed specifically for the military market and new commercial piston engines are operated with their manufacturers' designations. www.designation-systems.net /usmilav/engines.html   (3440 words)

The Hindu : ISRO working on air-breathing rocket engines The Indian Space Research Organisation is working on air-breathing rocket engines that will use hydrogen as fuel and the air from the atmosphere as the oxidiser to burn that hydrogen. One of the engines for this mission has been conceived." Plans are under way to conduct tests of this engine. An air-breathing rocket engine collecting the air from the atmosphere at hypersonic speeds and using it to burn fuel is not every nation's cup of tea. www.hindu.com /2004/03/01/stories/2004030101381200.htm   (592 words)

U.S. Air Force Moves Ahead With Studies On Air-Breathing Engines The goal of the program is to pave the way for engines that are more powerful and durable than the engines that could be built with existing technology, making it possible to conduct multiple satellites launches with the same vehicle. Scramjet engines use oxygen from the atmosphere instead of carrying heavy tanks filled with the oxygen that has to mix with hydrogen fuel to provide engine thrust. This will likely involve designing different points to inject the fuel to meet the air as the engines that carry satellites in the future will be far larger than those that the Air Force has experimented with thus far, he said. www.space.com /spacenews/archive03/studiesarch_111103.html   (651 words)

air-breathing engine An engine that takes in air from its surroundings in order to burn fuel. Some vehicles, such as space planes, may be fitted with both air-breathing and rocket engines for efficient operation both within and beyond the atmosphere. The maximum velocity of air-breathing engines is limited to 1-3 km/s due to extreme temperature and dissociation of the exhaust gas; however, the maximum velocity of a hydrogen-breathing engine of the same design is about 4 times higher. www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/air-breathing_engine.html   (173 words)

CD-adapco News Room - CD-adapco Purchases Cray XD1 Supercomputer to Drive Its CFD Simulations Business CD-adapco is pleased to exhibit at the ISABE 2005 17th Symposium on Air Breathing Engines. The design of Air Breathing Engine is perhaps the most demanding and varied of all the applications for which Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solutions are required. “Air Breathing Engine design is one of the fields in which CFD is starting to make a huge impact. www.cd-adapco.com /press_room/2005/isabe.html   (279 words)

Articles - Engine   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) The earliest mechanical computing device was called the difference engine; Military devices such as s are referred to as ´´siege engines´´. By the 1st century AD, various breeds of and horses were used in mills, using machines similar to those powered by humans in earlier times. The automobile motor had a bigger range, varying from 1to12 cylinders with corresponding differences in overall size, weight, piston displacement, and cylinder bores. www.seekj.com /articles/Engine   (1149 words)

ScienceDaily: Understanding Turbulence In The Fast Lane Mach 10 And Beyond Air goes from laminar to turbulent at what engineers call the "boundary layer." They understand how this happens at slower speeds, but they're still grappling with which factors influence it at hypersonic speeds. Associate Professor Anatoli Tumin, of UA Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (AME), is among those studying the problem and has developed a model that predicts the surface roughness effects on the transition from laminar to turbulent flow at hypersonic speeds. Engineering -- Engineering is the application of scientific and technical knowledge to solve human problems. www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/03/050326101613.htm   (1790 words)

Dr Derek Bray, DAPS - GWTC Missile Propulsion Supplementary Information   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) By contrast, the thrust from an air-breathing engine varies considerably with forward speed and altitude and air-breather type. In all cases, at a constant forward flight speed, the thrust of an air-breathing engine decreases with increasing altitude owing to the reduced density and hence reduced mass flow. There may be a slight compensating effect due to reduced temperature but this is small and in the main air-breathing engines exhibit a marked loss of thrust with increasing altitude. www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk /aeroxtra/gwtcpint2c.htm   (439 words)

Hypersonic Waveriders, Scramjets, Aerodynamics From a review of existing studies: At M = 25 aerodynamic efficiency is estimated at about 3÷4; peak skin temperatures at the nose are of the order of 2000 K (higher in the inlet and the nozzle); acoustic noise level at 170÷180 dB. Most of the programs to date are focusing on aircraft-launched systems, which would be further boosted by a rocket to speeds high enough to ignite the scramjet (at least M = 4-5). An aircraft with such a system would boost its speed to M = 10 into transatmospheric flight, shut off its engines to coast back into atmosphere and restart again for a number of times. aerodyn.org /Wings/waverider.html   (667 words)

Shuttle R134C The air-breathing cruise engines were mounted in swing-down nacelles that deployed from the belly of the orbiter. After separation of the orbiter, it would spend 10 minutes in a hypersonic braking glide, finally starting its air breathing engines at subsonic speed when 500 km downrange and 6700 m altitude. Propulsion had grown to 12 x 249,000 kgf main engines, and 12 x JF22A-4 air breathing engines powered by JP-4 fuel. www.astronautix.com /lvs/shur134c.htm   (661 words)

ISOABE: International Society for Air Breathing Engines The ISABE is an international organization that is open to individuals and institutions across the world. The chief criterion for association with the ISABE is interest in airbreathing engines and airbrething engine technology for use over the Earth and in Space. The ISABE is the principal international forum for discussing and assessing developments in airbreathing propulsion and engine technologies, and works closely with the International Astronautical Federation and the International Council of Aeronautical Sciences. www.conted.vt.edu /isabe/about.html   (147 words)

CONFERENCE ON AIR BREATHING ENGINES   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) The committee was formed in 1991 to provide a forum and stimulus for the activities in the field of propulsion going on in the country. The First National Conference on air Breathing Engines and Aerospace Propulsion was held in Bangalore in December 1992. The conference is held every two years at different centers in the country. www.ncabe.org   (97 words)

TECNOLOGIA MECÂNICA I   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) — Study of the several components that constitute the aircraft engines in detail, namely, air inlets, nozzles, combustion chambers, axial and radial compressors and axial turbines. Analysis of ideal and real thermodynamic cycles of the ramjet, turbojet, turbofan, turboprop and turboshaft engines. Jack L. Kerrebrock, "Aircraft Engines and Gas Turbines", (2ª edição), MIT Press, 1992. www.dem.ist.utl.pt /DEM/html/ProgramasIngles/PropulsaoI.Ingles.html   (339 words)

NAVAIR WD: Air-breathing Propulsion Research Facility   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) The Air-breathing Propulsion Research Laboratory is a facility suited for the research and development testing of air-breathing engines, liquid rocket engines, and solid rocket motor propulsion systems and subcomponents. Engine component testing: fuels, fuel-management systems, inlets, insulators, combustors, and actuation devices The test bay is ideally suited for both vertical and horizontal firing of rocket motors and ramjet engines. www.nawcwpns.navy.mil /r2/fs/AirBrth.htm   (375 words)

Indo   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) The National Committee for Air Breathing Engines, NCABE was formed in 1991 to provide a forum and stimulus for the activities in the field of propulsion going on in the country. The first National Conference on Air Breathing Engines and Aerospace Propulsion was held in Bangalore in December 1992, with the enthusiastic participation of more than 200 delegates. Some 52 full length papers were presented and published as a bound volume of proceedings. www.iitk.ac.in /infocell/announce/ncabe04   (73 words)

eVionyx: press   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) In this SBIR program, a novel hydroxide conductive ceramic membrane is used in an oxygen compressor for air breathing high altitude engines. In the Phase I program, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using novel hydroxide conductive membrane to make the oxygen compressor for air breathing high altitude engines. Formed in 1995, eVionyx is active in the development for commercialization of metal air fuel cell technologies and related battery technologies. www.evonyx.com /press_contract_2005_08_09.html   (178 words)

RAMJET SCRAMJET and PDE - an introduction   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) The air inlet/diffuser admits air to the engine, reduces air velocity and develops ram pressure. Air intakes : the design is critical (efficiency on the whole flight range, sensitivity to flow distorsions, participation to instabilities) Increasing of air stagnation temperature and pressure tends to limit the performance and to increase the thermal and mechanical loads on the combustion chamber walls www.onera.fr /conferences/ramjet-scramjet-pde   (2235 words)

Sterling, James David (1987-05-15) Longitudinal mode combustion instabilities in air breathing engines. ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) Sterling, James David (1987-05-15) Longitudinal mode combustion instabilities in air breathing engines. As in combustion instabilities of air breathing propulsion systems, the pressure oscillations are excited by a fluctuating heat release from a flame that is stabilized in a recirculation zone. Flow visualization results and flame radiation intensity data reveal that large vortex structures are responsible for this fluctuating heat release. etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-07022004-165628   (389 words)

Search Tuna Report for ramjet   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) Air Entering The Intake Of A Supersonic Aircraft Is Slowed By aerodynamic Diffusion Created By The Inlet And Diffuser To Velocities Comparable To Those In A Turbojet Augmentor.... Supersonic Engine Inlets Subsonic Engine Conventional Jet Engines Have A Compressor Section Which Uses Fans To Compress The Air Before It Enters The Combustion Section Of The Engine.... Monday, October 27, 2003 US Air Force Moves Ahead With Studies On Air-Breathing Engines By: Space News Staff Writer While Plans For A Military Space Plane Remain Somewhere Off In The Future, The US Air Force Is Moving Ahead With Work On The Air-Breathing rocket Engines That Could Power Such A Vehicle.... www.searchtuna.com /ftlive2/1378.html   (2080 words)

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