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Topic: Air defence

	Anti-aircraft warfare - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One aspect of anti-aircraft defence was the use of Barrage balloons to act as physical obstacle initially to bomber aircraft over cities and later for ground attack aircraft over the Normandy invasion fleets.
		Air defence by air forces is typically taken care of by fighter jets carrying air-to-air missiles which is beyond the scope of this article, however most air forces choose to augment air base defence with surface-to-air missile systems as they are such valuable targets for enemy aircraft.
		For example, the United State's strategic air defence is typically the domain of the air force, even when it is performed by missiles launched from fixed installations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Air_defence (3570 words)

	Air Defence Operations from New Delhi Press File - August 17, 1999
		The Control of sovereign air space or the air envelope over our national land areas, island territories and territorial waters is the prime task of the Air Force.
		In the present situation, post-Kargil, tensions are high and the air defence forces on both sides of the border are on alert.
		Air Defence has to guard against an adversary attempting to inflict any damage to the nation's vital interest.
	www.indianembassy.org /press/New_Delhi_Press/August_1999/Air_Defence_Operations_Aug_17_99.html (1156 words)

	Air Defence Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The cadet who joins the Air Defence college will study four years and graduate as a second lieutenant with a bachelor degree of Air Defence science, continuing his studies for a fifth year and getting a branch engineering in communication and electro-physics.
		The Air Defence Institute was first established as the AAA branch in the Artillery school in Cairo to become afterwards the AAA school.
		The organization of Air Defence Forces includes two training centers to train non commissioned officers.They are good examples in receiving, preparing and training AD soldiers.
	www.mmc.gov.eg /branches/airdef/f8.htm (683 words)

	Defence Notes
		Air defence especially for nations under threat of military aggression thus becomes a vital element in its overall defence strategy.
		This can be used to an advantage in the way that friendly fighters on CAP (Combat Air Patrol) or ADA (Air Defence Alert) be instantly vectored towards the general heading of the enemy formation to intercept them well before the launch range of their weapons or the operating range of their jamming equipment.
		A Ballistic missile defence system may not be able to intercept all ballistic missiles fired upon a target but it is also very difficult to launch many ballistic missiles together on a single target due to many reasons.
	www.defencejournal.com /2002/oct/air_defence.htm (2765 words)

	Seetal's Indian Defence Information
		At present, the Coast Guard district headquarters are functioning at Vadinar, Okha and Porbandar in Gujarat, Cochin in Kerala, Mandapam and Tuticorin in Tamil Nadu, Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, Haldia in West Bengal, New Mangalore in Karnataka, Paradeep in Orissa, Diglipur and Campbell Bay in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
		At the Air headquarters in New Delhi, the Chief of the Air Staff is assisted by the Vice-Chief of Air Staff, Deputy Chief of Air Staff, Air Officer Incharge Administration, Air Officer Incharge Maintenance, Air Officer Incharge Personnel and Inspector General Flight Safety and Inspection.
		Defence Research and Develoment Organisation (DRDO) was established in 1958 by amalagamating Defence Science Organisation and some of the technical development establishments.
	www.geocities.com /TheTropics/3328/defence1.htm (3230 words)

	Puolustusvoimat - Försvarsmakten - The Finnish Defence Forces
		The Finnish Air Force is a participant in the three-week Weapons Instructor Meeting 2005 (WIM-05) air exercise staged by the Royal Netherlands Air Force in Örland Air Force Base in Norway between 24 October and 4 November.
		The Finnish Air Force has contributed to the air combat phase of flight training in the Netherlands in 2003 and to both the tactical and night flying phase in 2003 and 2004 in Norway.
		As part of the comprehensive revision of the Air Force’s training system, the outsourcing of elementary training has been carried out with success by the Air Force Academy in Tikkakoski, and the consolidation of the Hawk lead-in trainer fleet to the the Training Air Wing is progressing on schedule.
	www.ilmavoimat.fi /index_en.php (1322 words)

	Thales Air Defence Limited - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thales Air Defence Limited, formerly Shorts Missile Systems, is a defence contractor based in Belfast, Northern Ireland producing short-range or close air defence missiles.
		In the same year Thomson-CSF went through a series of mergers and acquisitions to become the Thales Group, consequently in 2001 Shorts Missile Systems was renamed Thales Air Defence Limited (TADL).
		Built by Thales under licence from the United States for the Ministry of Defence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thales_Air_Defence_Limited (289 words)

	The air defence of the United Kingdom - Post war planning
		Nevertheless the Air Ministry estimates for radar, radio and electrical equipment in the 1947 and 1948 Defence White Papers rose to £4.4 million, £3.2 million of which was for radar and radio.
		Government interest was by now focused on defence matters by the deteriorating global political situation and the 1949 Defence White Paper stressed the need for new equipment.
		The Air Ministry estimates for radar, radio and electrical equipment rose to £6 million, £4.2 million of which was allocated for radio and radar.
	www.radarpages.co.uk /mob/postwar/postwar4.htm (532 words)

	Navy Air Defence
		The first postwar American air defense efforts had been launched in 1948, in response to the Berlin blockade and early Soviet displays of their bombers, but with limited funding and largely obsolete equipment.
		The armed services, especially the Air Force, were reluctant to endorse such an ambitious project, due to its cost; its demands would compete with other budget priorities at a time when newly elected President Dwight Eisenhower was making clear his intent to hold the line on defense spending.
		Barrier was to become operational, however, the Air Force notified the Navy that its new radar stations in Greenland were not ready and that the Atlantic Barrier would have to remain in operation for another month.
	www.dean-boys.com /551aew/navy_air_defence.htm (10679 words)

	A View of Air Defence Planning in the Control and Reporting System, 1949 - 1964, by R H G Martin
		The book reviews some of the technological, political and financial influences which shaped the air defences of the United Kingdom during the early years of the Cold War.
		The government realized that the future requirements for radar cover for air defence and air traffic control were similar.
		A joint system of air defence and air traffic control was therefore examined in depth and resulted in the combined system under the names Linesman (Defence) and Mediator (Air Traffic Control).
	www.air-defence-history.co.uk (218 words)

	Martello air defence search radar
		Ever since the lead given by CH and CHL in the war, air defence systems have continued to rely for their essential primary sensors on long range surveillance radars, the role for which Martello has been developed in the fourth quarter of the century.
		The two types of Martello radar are both transportable, long range air defence 3D sensors operating in L Band (23 cm).
		These permit the radar to be used auton-omously if required, but their main function is to provide a radar management centre from which decisions can be made on selection of the operational parameters of the radar, especially when in a hostile environment.
	www.radarpages.co.uk /mob/martello/martello1.htm (700 words)

	Thales Air Defence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Now, more than ever, especially after the September 11th terrorist attacks, the need for coordination of air surveillance, air traffic control and air defense equipment is essential.
		Thales is one of only three companies in the world capable of outfitting a country with a complete, quick-response air defense system.
		Today, TRS is the worldwide leader in the supply of air defence, battlefield surveillance and coordination systems, ground based radars and related operation centres.
	www.thales-airdefence.com (225 words)

	Air defence to be modernized: president -DAWN - Top Stories; 19 December, 2004
		Speaking at the installation ceremony of Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee Gen Ehsanul Haq as first Colonel-in-Chief of Army Air Defence (AAD), the President lauded the role of the AAD during war and the 10-month-long standoff with India.
		Referring to the economy of the country, the president said the economy and defence were two important pillars of the state.
		Referring to defence of the country, he said it was credible with the grace of Allah Almighty and the country did not face any threat from outside.
	www.dawn.com /2004/12/19/top5.htm (500 words)

	Estonian Defence Forces - Air Force
		The air surveillance with modern technological means helps not only reach the military control over the Airspace, but reduce common peace time threats like terrorism, drug smuggling, illegal air traffic and contamination of environment.
		The primary mission of the unit is the development of the national air surveillance system to the level that allows to detect and identify all flying objects in Estonian airspace with maximal probability and transmit information about their location and movement with sufficient degree of accuracy on 24 hour basis.
		The main mission of the Air Surveillance Wing, besides the operation of technical systems, will be information processing and collection from radiolocational surveillance systems, interceptor fighters during their patrol flights and from other airspace surveillance sensors.
	www.mil.ee /index_eng.php?s=ohuvagi (1630 words)

	Chinese Defence Today - Air Power
		During the past decade the PLA Air Force has purchased over 120 Russian-made Sokhoi Su-27 and Su-30 fighter aircraft, and is accepting indigenously produced third-generation aircraft such as the J-10, J-11 and JH-7.
		Additional to the progress in combat aircraft, the PLA Air Force is quickly developing its capabilities in new areas such as the aerial refuelling tanker aircraft, airborne warning and control system (AWACS) aircraft, airborne electronic warfare/countermeasures (EW/ECM) aircraft, long-range transport aircraft, advanced training aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
		Although the PLA Air Force is still generally regarded as obsolete compared to Western air forces, it has already made some impressive progress in the past decade.
	www.sinodefence.com /airforce (503 words)

	Macedonian Air Force
		The Macedonian Air Force was first formed on 10 June 1992, with one UTVA-66 and four UTVA-75A-21 aircraft leased from the Makedonski Vozduhoploven Sojuz (Macedonian Aeronautical Union).
		The basic tasks of the Air Force are to fight for the highest possible level of dominance in the air or part of it and, through its activities, to strengthen and assist the Land Forces in carrying out their basic military tasks.
		In a warfare situation the basic tasks of the Air Force are: to fight for Republic of Macedonia air dominance, to conduct reconnaissance, to provide air fire support to the Armed Forces units and to undertake and conduct communications.
	www.aeroflight.co.uk /waf/fyrm/macaf2.htm (1388 words)

	Japan Air Self Defence Force
		The main mission of interceptor units is to intercept intruding aircraft, while that of support fighter units is to counter landing invasions, and to support from the air the GSDF and MSDF units fighting against invading forces as necessary.
		The ground-to-air missile units of the ASDF counter air invasion together with the fighter squadrons.
		At the same time, the ASDF will continue to possess three air transport squadrons to support mobile operations of fighter units and parachute operations of airborne units, as necessary, and to engage in transportation between main bases in peacetime.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/japan/jasdf.htm (1209 words)

	Chinese Defence Today - HN-5 Shoulder-Launched Air Defence Missile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As well as being the standard man-portable air defence weapon in the ground forces, the HN-5 is also used onboard PLA Navy ships to provide short-range, low-altitude air defence.
		China developed the HN-5 shoulder-launched air defence missile (also known as man-portable air defence system, or Manpads) in the 1980s based on the 1960s-era Soviet Strela/SA-7 technology.
		It was also seen used onboard navy surface ships to provide the urgently needed air defence capability.
	www.sinodefence.com /army/antiaircraft/hn5.asp (416 words)

	Thales - Defence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The company's military businesses range from the design and production of detection systems, identification systems and air command and control systems to very short-, short- and medium-range air defence systems to defend high-value assets and protect forces on the battlefield.
		Thales is contributing to France's SCCOA (Air Command and Control System) programme and new programmes including Rapsodie, the French Army's future land-based surveillance radar, as well as the Cobra programme being conducted by the Euroart consortium.
		This system is designed for the air defence of civil and military sites as well as the protection of armoured and mechanised land forces.
	www.thalesgroup.com /ga/business_zone/defence/air_defence.htm (760 words)

	Russia to sell air defence system to Syria -DAWN - International; 17 February, 2005
		MOSCOW, Feb 16: Russia confirmed on Wednesday that it intended to sell a new air defence missile system to Syria despite Israeli and US opposition, but insisted the weaponry was only of short-range capability and would not upset the balance of military power in the Middle East.
		The missile narrowly missed the plane, but the incident set off alarm bells for defence and civil aviation security officials in Israel and elsewhere who have since developed anti-missile defence systems for mounting on civilian passenger planes to thwart surface-to-air missile attacks.
		The Russian defence official also reiterated Moscow's previous denials of rumours that it planned to sell Syria its longer-range tactical "Iskander" missile, a highly-accurate warhead delivery vehicle capable of hitting a target virtually anywhere in Israel from Syrian territory.
	www.dawn.com /2005/02/17/int5.htm (624 words)

	Business Unlimited \| Business latest \| MoD plans £7bn air defence upgrade
		The Ministry of Defence yesterday announced a £7bn programme to upgrade and replace air defence systems for Britain's armed forces deployed in operations abroad.
		The missiles are made by MBDA of Stevenage and Thales Air Defence of Belfast.
		Defence officials said yesterday that a number of countries, including Germany, France, Italy and Norway, had already expressed interest in the scheme.
	www.guardian.co.uk /business/story/0,3604,667492,00.html (535 words)

	Japan Air Self Defence Force
		Major units of the ASDF are the Air Defense Command, Flight Support Command, Flying Training Command, Air Developing and Proving Command, and Air Matériel Command.
		The Air Developing and Proving Command, in addition to overseeing equipment research and development, is also responsible for research and development in such areas as flight medicine.
		The Air Defense Command has northern, central, and western regional headquarters located at Misawa, Iruma, and Kasuga, respectively, and the Southwestern Composite Air Division based at Naha on Okinawa.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/japan/jasdf.htm (1343 words)

	Jane's Defence Industry
		DEFENCE technology group API Electronics saw turnover increase 37 per cent to USD3.9 million during the third quarter (Q3) of 2005, reflecting a trend which...
		SWISS aerospace and defence group Ruag is preparing to acquire German specialist laser technology group COEL GmbH in a move that is expected to add...
		UK DEFENCE spending over the next three years is projected to run behind the rate of inflation, after a defence minister confirmed spending plans set...
	jdin.janes.com (979 words)

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