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Topic: Air interdiction

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	Close air support - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Close air support (often abbreviated as CAS or CAIRS) is the use of military aircraft in a ground attack role against targets in close proximity to friendly troops, in support of ground combat operations.
		The ALO is an aeronautically rated officer that spent a tour away from the cockpit, serving as the primary advisor to the ground commander on the capabilities and limitations of airpower.
		Helicopters are often used for close air support and are so closely integrated with ground operations that in most countries they are operated by the army rather than the air force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Close_air_support (669 words)

	The Air Campaign - Chap 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Interdiction is a powerful tool in the hands of the joint and air commander, a tool he can use either as part of a potentially war winning campaign -- distant interdiction against the source -- or as part of the ground campaign.
		Interdiction operations are going to lead to loss of aircraft and flyers; thus, it is necessary to ensure that something useful is gained for the loss.
		Interdiction missions, except under unusual circumstances, when the benefit clearly outweighs the risk, should not be attempted in the absence of air superiority.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/warden/wrdchp06.htm (4295 words)

	Air Interdiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Air interdiction-air operations conducted to destroy, neutralize, or delay the enemy's military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces, at such distance from friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required.
		Air interdiction was an important factor in preparing for the Allied invasion at Normandy in 1944; however, its usefulness to the Allied effort in Italy was limited because it was conducted in isolation from the land campaign.
		Air interdiction must be conducted as a single campaign under the direction of one commander--the ACC--who should be held responsible for its execution.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/apj89/krieger.html (5382 words)

	THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AIR INTERDICTION DURING THE KOREAN WAR
		Since the USAF has primary responsibility for the conduct of air interdiction on land (as was laid down in the Functions Paper of the Armed Forces and the Joint Chiefs of Staff shortly after the unification of the armed forces), each measurement of effectiveness should be based on the USAF definition.
		It is beyond question that the FEAF interdiction effort in the Korean War had a major effect on the general success of our arms, and upon the ultimate Communist decision to end their attempt to bring all of Korea into the Communist sphere.
		The air interdiction campaign was not a decisive factor in shaping the course of the war because it could not inflict enough damage on enemy lines of communication and means of transportation to block the flow of enemy personnel and materiel to the front or
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/documents/237ADH.htm (6153 words)

	Air interdiction -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Air interdiction is the use of aircraft to attack tactical ground targets that are not in close proximity to friendly ground forces.
		It differs from (additional info and facts about close air support) close air support because it does not directly support ground operations and is not closely coordinated with ground units.
		Unlike (additional info and facts about strategic bombing) strategic bombing, air interdiction is not meant as an independent air campaign; its ultimate purpose is still to allow ground operations rather than to defeat an enemy by air power alone.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ai/air_interdiction.htm (150 words)

	MAGTF Officers And Air Campaigning
		By the expression "command of the air" I do not mean supremacy in the air nor a preponderance of aerial means, but that state of affairs in which we find ourselves able to fly in the face of an enemy who is unable to do likewise.
		At best, interdiction can destroy forces or supplies, delay a force or supply or buildup, cause diversion of valuable resources from other uses, and disrupt command and control.(4:vi) Theoretically true, but in reality air interdiction payoffs are not only difficult to assess, but are even more difficult to plan for.
		Typically air interdiction planners are overly optimistic as to the effects of interdiction.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1993/KLD.htm (3902 words)

	Interdiction - Korean War 50th Anniversary - USAF Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Air Force interdiction efforts, using new technology and tactics, destroyed large amounts of enemy material and limited Communist build-ups for large-scale offensives.
		Large-scale interdiction campaigns in 1951 and 1952 enjoyed some success, although the enemy did not need as much supply as during previous major operations and was quick to rebuild railways and bridges.
		Interdiction continued in the strategic "air pressure" campaign from 1952 until the signing of the armistice in 1953, producing costly economic damage to the Communists and hurting enemy morale.
	www.wpafb.af.mil /museum/history/korea50/k50-4.htm (360 words)

	[No title]
		While a reduction in the interdiction effort was envisioned in the new cocaine strategy, the strategy also anticipated an increase in source country funding that never materialized.
		The decline in recorded air events could be due to a combination of factors, including a reduced capability by U.S. agencies to detect air activities, increased sophistication by cocaine smugglers, and traffickers' preference for maritime smuggling methods.
		Air seizures accounted for the greatest amount of decline, from 40,253 kilograms in fiscal year 1992 to only 14,564 kilograms in fiscal year 1995: Maritime seizures increased as a proportion of total seizures, accounting for about 61 percent in fiscal year 1995 compared to about 43 percent in fiscal year 1992.
	fas.org /irp/gao/nsi96119.htm (7488 words)

	AIR INTERDICTION IN A EUROPEAN FUTURE WAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The very nature of air forces gives them the ability to attack important targets outside the range and surveillance of friendly ground forces, and the doctrine of air interdiction is well tried and more-or-less universally accepted.
		The traditional targets for air interdiction operations are the sources of military weapons, supplies and equipment, and the lines of communication along which they and the troops must flow to sustain the enemy's war effort.
		However, all Soviet army divisions are now provided with highly mobile, indigenous air defence "systems"--in the form of AAA (ZSU 23/4), SAM 4 "Ganef," and SA-7 "Grail." In this environment, the prospect of relatively small numbers of interdiction aircraft successfully immobilising enemy reserve divisions, poised to the rear of the battle area, becomes increasingly remote.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1976/sep-oct/parkes.html (1306 words)

	Battlefield Interdiction
		Fourth, the irreplaceable rolling stock isolated in the zone of interdiction is clogged at certain points by bombardment, and then depleted by fighter attacks until the enemy is driven to road transport.
		Air's first task was to prevent the movement of German troops from the Calais coast to Normandy as the invasion developed.
		Purpose of this was to create a zone of interdiction between the two, and, by a further concentration of attacks within the zone, to heighten the impression that our landing would be made there.
	www.simviation.com /gryphon/misc/IMPACT_Interdiction.htm (1644 words)

	AO506
		Air interdiction (AI) is a form of aerial maneuver that destroys, disrupts, diverts, or delays the enemy’s surface military potential before it can be used effectively against friendly forces, or otherwise achieve its objectives
		Joint Publication 3-03, Doctrine for Joint Interdiction Operations, states, “The JFACC is the supported commander for the JFC’s overall air interdiction effort.” Additionally, the JFC will normally delegate to the JFACC the responsibility for planning and executing theaterwide interdiction operations.
		Air Force basic doctrine describes aerospace power as “an inherently strategic force” and “best used as an offensive weapon.” Strategic attack is one of the vital aerospace power functions and should be the primary focus of an air-centric joint strategy.
	homepage.mac.com /millhouse/ACSC/AO506.html (2013 words)

	CHAPTER VI - THE AIR CAMPAIGN
		Air superiority fighters, such as the F-15C, and air-to-ground aircraft, such as the F-15E, were based relatively close to the Iraqi border, where they had the greatest reach and were near long-duration CAP stations over Iraq.
		Air superiority, or the dominance of a group of aircraft in a given time and space without prohibitive interference by the opposing force, was effectively gained in the first hours of the war.
		Air interdiction attacks were planned to reduce and slow resupply for the forces in the KTO, which were almost totally dependent on outside sources for supplies, including food and water.
	es.rice.edu /projects/Poli378/Gulf/gwtxt_ch6.html (20393 words)

	NBAA Testimony -- Air Interdiction Efforts
		It is comforting that "U.S. air interdiction efforts have reportedly been suspended in much if not all of the region" and that related policies are being reexamined.
		It is especially sad when considering the differences between the capabilities of the military aircraft used in the interdiction efforts and some of the small civilian aircraft being monitored and "evaluated." There is, at least, the capability to communicate by radio and, failing that, the ability to send a clear message visually.
		Air Line Pilots Association President Randy Babbitt and AFL-CIO President Lane Kirkland letter to Secretary of State Warren Christopher (July 15, 1994): "U.S. airlines operate in the vicinity of countries whose governments’ commitments to the rule of international law is suspect.
	www.nbaa.org /@@2AvvCy7MeQEL/testimony/peru.htm (1061 words)

	AIR INTERDICTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Air Force Support of Army Ground Operations: Lessons Learned During World War II, Korea, and Vietnam.
		Egginton, Jack B. Ground Maneuver and Air Interdiction: A Matter of Mutual Support at the Operational Level of War.
		Leaf, Daniel P. Unity of Command and Interdiction.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/school/sncoa/airindic.htm (182 words)

	Factsheets : AC-130H/U Gunship : AC-130H/U Gunship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Missions in close air support are troops in contact, convoy escort and urban operations.
		Air interdiction missions are conducted against preplanned targets or targets of opportunity.
		In 1997, gunships were diverted from Italy to provide combat air support for U.S. and allied ground troops during the evacuation of American noncombatants in Albania.
	www.af.mil /factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=71 (603 words)

	DEF-16 MAKE THE ARMY RESPONSIBLE FOR CLOSE AIR SUPPORT
		Conversely, air forces--in missions referred to as close air support and battlefield air interdiction--have attacked from the air targets that are beyond the reach of ground-based weapons.
		Although the Air Force has an airplane, the A-10, that is dedicated solely to the CAS mission, the service has periodically attempted to eliminate all of the A-10s from its force structure.
		Another drawback to eliminating from the Air Force all aircraft designated for the CAS and BAI missions is the loss of the ability to react and deploy quickly that is inherent in aircraft.
	www.fas.org /man/congress/1997/cbo_deficit/def16.htm (1059 words)

	Air Force Technology - F-15E Strike Eagle Long-Range Interdiction Fighter
		More than 1,300 F-15s are in service worldwide with the US Air Force, US Air National Guard and the air forces of Israel, Japan and Saudi Arabia, including over 220 F-15E fighters.
		It is armed with air-to-air missiles that can be launched from beyond visual range, and has air-to-ground capability to penetrate hostile air and ground defences to deliver up to 24,000lb of precision ordnance.
		F-15E's role is as a long-range interdiction and air superiority aircraft.
	www.airforce-technology.com /projects/f15 (1424 words)

	Purpose of JFACC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		As an added note, the JFACC is normally the supported commander for the entire interdiction effort, not just air interdiction.
		The JFACC further functions as the supporting commander, as directed by the JFC, for operations such as close air support, air interdiction within the land and naval component areas of operation, and maritime support.
		Lastly, during multi-national operations the JFACC may be named the Coalition Force Air Component Commander or CFACC and exercise tactical control of coalition aviation assets.
	www.apc.maxwell.af.mil /text/oap/purpose.htm (241 words)

	Drug Interdiction
		The Coast Guard is the lead federal agency for maritime drug interdiction and shares lead responsibility for air interdiction with the U.S. Customs Service.
		The Coast Guard's mission is to reduce the supply of drugs from the source by denying smugglers the use of air and maritime routes in the Transit Zone, a six million square mile area, including the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and Eastern Pacific.
		In meeting the challenge of patrolling this vast area, the Coast Guard coordinates closely with other federal agencies and countries within the region to disrupt and deter the flow of illegal drugs.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-o/g-opl/Drugs/Drugs.htm (685 words)

	interdiction - StormingMedia
		An Analysis of the Air Interdiction Mission as One Step Towards a True Joint Force Date: 04 FEB 2002
		Close Air Support and Interdiction Missions as Seen by the Air Force and Army Date: 01 JUN 1997
		An Evaluation of the Aerial Interdiction Campaign Known as the "Transportation Plan" for the D-Day Invasion, Early January 1944 to Late June 1944 Date: MAR 1997
	www.stormingmedia.us /keywords/interdiction.html (1395 words)

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