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Topic: Air propulsion

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Air-independent propulsion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia However Air Independent Propulsion is a term normally used in the context of improving the performance of conventionally propelled submarines. Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP), is a term that encompasses technologies which allow a submarine to operate without the need to surface or use a snort mast to access atmospheric AIP does not normally provide the endurance or power to replace the atmospheric dependent propulsion, but allows it to remain on station underwater for longer than a more conventionally propelled submarine could. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Air-Independent_Propulsion

Submarine The USS Alligator was the first U.S. Navy sub and the first sub to feature compressed air or air filtration. Diesel-fuelled submarines needed air to run their diesel engines, thus they carried very large batteries for submerged travel. It was extremely hazardous to operate, and had no air supply other than what was contained inside the main compartment. www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/su/submarine.html

Fuel Cell Air Independent Propulsion of Submarines - Storming Media Air independent propulsion (AIP) systems are being developed that will generate electrical power while the submarine is submerged. Fuel Cell Air Independent Propulsion of Submarines - Storming Media Such systems provide power for recharging the batteries, for propulsion and for the submarine's other electrical equipment requirements, while the submarine is submerged. www.stormingmedia.us /21/2114/A211403.html

Dolphin class submarine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia air-independent propulsion (AIP) incorporated into the Type 212). Recent media reports have indicated that Israel is interested in purchasing at least two more submarines from Germany and is currently looking at various financing options for this project. These would be similar to the advanced Type 214 submarines, modified to about 2,000 ton displacement and propelled by AIP systems. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dolphin_class

2000 Report to Congress on the Military Situation on the Korean Peninsula The mission of the Air Force during war is to achieve air superiority so as to prevent the enemy from having access to ROK air space, to neutralize the enemy’s will by destroying its principal and potential warfighting capability, and finally, to give full support to ground and naval operations. Air operations are under direct control of the Theater Air Control Center. Merchant and fishery vessels would support naval forces and ground troops along the peninsula’s coastal waters, and the civil air transport fleet would be mobilized to carry troops and high-value cargo and possibly for aerial delivery of chemical and biological warfare agents. www.defenselink.mil /news/Sep2000/korea09122000.html

Taiwan News Online The AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) system is a device used on conventional submarines that allows them to operate longer underwater. The MND had originally not intended to equip the submarines with the AIP systems due to claims that the technology is not yet mature and furthermore the systems require a significant amount of maintenance. With the AIP system, its underwater duration is extended to 10 or 14 days. www.etaiwannews.com /Taiwan/Politics/2005/03/25/1111714449.htm

gizmag Article: Fuel cell submarines offer underwater stealth The U212 combines a conventional diesel generator with a lead acid battery and an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system for silent slow cruising, and a fuel cell equipped with oxygen and hydrogen storage. The propulsion is again provided by a Siemens Permasyn engine which draws its power supply either from the fuel cells or from batteries which are fed by a diesel generator. The advantage of a fuel-cell system aboard submarines is their air independent operation. www.gizmag.com /go/3434

Ploughshares Monitor, March 1998, pp. 19-22 To allow Arctic missions DND is considering the refit addition of an Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system, the cost of which, although not reported, can be assumed to be substantial. By refitting the Upholders with an Air Independent Propulsion system (AIP), the submarines could submerge two weeks or longer without the ‘snorkelling' necessary for the submarine to replenish its air supply and recharge its battery. Furthermore, the recent announcement of the sale of two French Scorpene submarines complete with air-independent propulsion systems to Chile for $420 million (US), suggests that Canada could find other deals equal to, or better than, the Upholders if price were a major factor.[6] www.ploughshares.ca /content/MONITOR/monm98e.html

Air-independent-propulsion software downloads Air Messenger Pro is a fully featured alphanumeric paging software with TAP, SNPP, ETAP, and E-Mail support that allows you to send pages to Pagers and Digital Cellular Phones. Air Messenger Mobile is a fully featured alphanumeric paging software with TAP, SNPP, ETAP, and E-Mail support that allows you to send pages to Pagers and Digital Cellular Phones. Air Messenger Lite is a simple to use Alphanumeric Paging Software that allows you to send alphanumeric messages to Pagers and Digital Cellular Phone. www.freedownloadsoft.com /air-independent-propulsion.html

Type 214 The Type 214 submarines are equipped with air independent propulsion (AIP) and flank array sonar (FAS). The portfolio includes the German Type 214 and the Swedish Gotland class submarine, as well as both AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) systems - Fuel Cell and Stirling. AIP can extend the underwater operation period of the diesel-powered submarines to five to six times longer than that of conventional submarines. www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/europe/type-214.htm

A Feasibility Study of Using Oxygen Enrichment for Fuel Cell Air Independent Propulsion - Storming Media The system chosen was a hypothetical FEM fuel cell powered air independent propulsion system in a conventional diesel electric submarine. A Feasibility Study of Using Oxygen Enrichment for Fuel Cell Air Independent Propulsion A Feasibility Study of Using Oxygen Enrichment for Fuel Cell Air Independent Propulsion - Storming Media www.stormingmedia.us /22/2232/A223223.html

Military Parade Issue 29 (Sep.-Oct. '98) These powerplants will satisfy your demand in high-quality electricity when you are cut off from atmospheric air supply and when you need a highly effective, small-size, low-noise, ecologically-friendly and low-heat-emitting powerplant. A version of automated electrochemical generator system, Kristall-27E, is being designed to generate electricity for the propulsion and power supply of the Amur-class submarines. Countries involved in the production of AIP systems for submarines are going not only to supply them to their own Navies but (owing to the AIP technology high export potential) sell them abroad. milparade.udm.ru /29/022.htm

UDT Asia 2003 Conference Session Profile 7C.2 PEM fuel cells — an attractive energy source for air independent propulsion systems 7C.1 Tactical and Operational Advantages Through Air Independent Propulsion The Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) submarine has set a new world standard www.udt-asia.com /timetable/session.asp?session=7C

AIR-INDEPENDENT PROPULSION — AIP Technology Creates a New Undersea Threat As interest mounts in "Air-Independent Propulsion" (AIP) for enhancing the performance of small, defensive submarines, a serious new underwater threat is developing in littoral waters. There are several alternative configurations, but for submarine propulsion, so-called "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane" (PEM) fuel cells have attracted the most attention because of their low operating temperatures (80° Centigrade) and relatively little waste heat. Moreover, AIP technology is evolving rapidly, and some experts predict, for example, that the power output of a typical fuel cell module could well double or triple in the next several years, allowing an even more advantageous trade-off between underwater speed and endurance. www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_13/propulsion.htm

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Personal Submersible: White Paper: AIP This is a propulsion method based on an air breathing engine that is fed oxygen as needed while submerged. Contributor: Ray Keefer Last update: 11/17/97 Synopsis: This page contains research on AIP (Air Independent Propulsion). In addition, the Swedes are leaders in non-nuclear Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems. www.psubs.org /designguide/waip.html

Viking Improved AIP performance is one of the most significant developments that enables the submarine to complete her mission submerged for extreme periods of time, making her invaluable both in peacetime and in all possible conflict situations. The Combat Management System integrated in the newly developed weapon system will co-ordinate all sensor functions, weapon functions, the navigation system and the communication system. www.kockums.se /Submarines/viking.html

Type 212 The outstanding feature of this new type of submarine is its air-independent propulsion system using a silent hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell system which not only makes the submarine more difficult to detect, but also increases the time it can stay submerged. The outstanding feature of this new type of submarine is its air-independent propulsion system using a silently operating fuel cell plant. Its hybrid diesel-electric and air-independent fuel-cell propulsion system will meet the vital requirement for low detectability. www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/europe/type-212.htm

Diesel Boats With the advent of air independent propulsion, the need to come up and recharge their batteries is drastically reduced." Besides their ability to remain quiet and nearly undetectable, Ford said, some of these diesel subs are outfitted to remain on the ocean bottom, motionless for extended periods of time. Economics constrained propulsion research to a single method and that was nuclear. The Soviets, trying to keep up with their global adversary emulated the Untied States and concentrated on nuclear power as the energy source of the future. ncsubvets.rodent-web.com /ncsubvets_dbf_01.htm

Welcome to JoeBuff.Com, the Cyberspace Home of author Joe Buff The compressed air tank can then be recharged from the nearest compressed air line in the submarine or ship, so that damage control parties need not leave the immediate area of the fire scene to maintain a good continuous breathing supply. The AIP system allows quiet and long-endurance submerged cruising, without the need to snorkel for air, because oxygen and fuel are carried aboard the vessel in special tanks. (The crew are also supplied with breather masks which plug into nozzles in special air lines, for use while manning their stations or lying in their racks.) Note that OBAs are being replaced by Scott-type air packs, like those used by civilian firefighters. joebuff.com /gloss.htm

Energy, Propulsion, And Hydrodynamics Within this program there was some experimentation on air-independent propulsion (AIP) energy sources. Propulsion, an area of particular relevance to submersibles, is the subject for the third section of this chapter. The same was true for other power systems, hydrodynamics and propulsion systems. www.wtec.org /loyola/subsea/c3_s1.htm

030908 stirling It signals the fact that yet another Swedish Navy submarine has been equipped with the Stirling AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) system, and it will soon be time for the next submarine, HMS Östergötland. Naturally, the installation of the Stirling AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) system was central to this contract. Apart from the reactors on nuclear submarines, the Stirling engine from Kockums is the only air-independent propulsion system currently in operation on submarines. www.kockums.com /News/oldnews/030908stirling.html

Taipei Times - archives Legislators yesterday said they would support the budget to buy eight diesel-powered submarines if the subs were equipped with Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems, which enables a vessel to be submerged under water for longer periods of time. Subs must eventually surface to replenish their air supply and recharge their batteries. As a result, the AIP system should not be seen as a cutting-edge technology, but he will nonetheless urge the ministry to obtain it, Lee said. www.taipeitimes.com /News/taiwan/archives/2005/03/26/2003247823

Walter hydrogen-peroxide submarine propulsion system The most prevalent modern air independent propulsion (AIP) system for submarines is nuclear power. The obvious solution to this problem was a propulsion system that didn't require outside air. This was a hollow mast, with a float valve at the top to exclude water should the head submerge, which allowed air to be drawn into the boat while it was submerged. www.withhonourinbattle.com /walter_turbine.html

Richard Sunarto :: October :: 2003 Incidentally, one of the reasons the Australians have postponed installation of Stirling engines in their submarines was a proposal made by the U.S. Energy Partners company to install an air independent propulsion system with electrochemical generators. The reason for that is not so much their conservatism as the lack of uniformity in the types of air independent propulsion systems. Because of the high temperature of the bleed air from the FJ44s, about 800 degrees F compared with 550 degrees F from the original engines, all the bleed air from the FJ44s had to be routed through the stainless steel inlets to cool it before ducting it to other aircraft systems. www.ritz-sun.com /b2/index.php?m=20031023

JINSA Online -- Middle Eastern Submarine Fleets Growing Swiftly Due to the high expense and lack of suppliers, nuclear propulsion is out of reach placing the focus is squarely upon diesel-electric propulsion technology, coupled with recently maturing Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) technology. One form of Air-Independent Propulsion will allow diesel-electric subs to continue running their diesel engines under the surface, generating electric power for propulsion while submerged for up to two weeks at a time. Conventional diesel-electric subs are operationally limited by the need to approach the surface every few days, or at least to extend a snorkel above the surface to replenish their air supply and operate the diesel engines to recharge the main batteries. www.jinsa.org /articles/view.html?documentid=1513

South Africa's multi-billion arms programme revisited What is regretable is that the SAN has not taken the opportunity to install a air-independent propulsion system in the vessels. The Army and the SAAF are also in need of ground based air defence systems and a funded programme currently exists to acquire a battery of man-portable very short range air defence missiles. Among the latest are that Denel and Grintek will benefit from Hungary's possible order of Gripen fighters for its air force and that Denel will help manufacture components for the Avro RJ's ordered by Bahrain. defence-data.com /features/fpage47.htm

Chinese Defence Today :: Type 039 (Song Class) Diesel-Electric Submarine At the ceremony, a new variant of the Type 039G submarine was displayed which was said to be fitted with an air independent propulsion (AIP). Currently Wuhan Shipyard, Wuhan and Jiangnan Shipyard, Shanghai are building the third variant of the submarine with some further modifications, possibly including the air independent propulsion ( AIP) system. It is believed that at least three new variant Type 039G submarines are currently under construction at Wuhan Shipyard, with at least another two at Jiangnan Shipyard, Shanghai. www.sinodefence.com /navy/sub/039.asp

Hellmuth Walter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia World War II, and a revolutionary new propulsion system for The Royal Navy constructed two more submarines using AIP engines before abandoning research in this direction in favour of nuclear power. With Walter& co-operation, one of the German submarines using his drive, the U-1407 was raised from where it had been scuttled and re-commissioned as en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hellmuth_Walter

Fuel Cell Today - Full Success for the Fuel Cell Subs This submarine is powered by a hybrid propulsion system consisting of a diesel generator with a lead acid battery, and an air-independent propulsion system (AIP) based on nine Siemens proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The propulsion provided by a Siemens Permasyn engine draws its power supply either from the fuel cells or from batteries that are fed by a diesel generator for sprint speed. Three of these are scheduled to be refitted with the ground-breaking fuel cell propulsion system. www.fuelcelltoday.com /FuelCellToday/IndustryInformation/IndustryInformationExternal/NewsDisplayArticle/0,1602,4975,00.html

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