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Topic: Aircraft hijacking

	The contagiousness of aircraft hijacking
		It has often been claimed that aircraft hijacking is a "contagious" phenomenon, that the motivation to hijack aircraft spreads from one individual to another as a result of media coverage of hijacking incidents.
		The assertion that aircraft hijacking is a contagious phenomenon, that
		Aircraft hijackings prior to the late 1950s bear little relation to the later incidents in the United States.' However, the incidents that began occurring in the late 1950s are relevant.
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~surette/hijacking.html (7649 words)

	Aircraft hijacking information - Search.com
		Aircraft hijacking (also known as Skyjacking) is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed.
		Rather, most aircraft hijackings are committed to use the passengers as hostages in an effort to obtain transportation to a given location, to hold them for ransom, or, as in the case of the American planes that were hijacked to Cuba during the 1970s, the release of comrades being held in prison.
		Hijackings for hostages have usually followed a pattern of negotiations between the hijackers and the authorities, followed by some form of settlement -- not always the meeting of the hijackers' original demands -- or the storming of the aircraft by armed police or special forces to rescue the hostages.
	www.search.com /reference/Aircraft_hijacking (2158 words)

	How to Survive an Aircraft Hijacking
		Stopping the hijacker from getting on the plane in the first place has to be the supreme method of keeping passengers in the friendly skies.
		Authorities later deduce the hijacker planted the bomb in the baggage of someone who wasn't paying attention to others around their bags as he or she was waiting to board.
		While they may indeed assert that a bomb is on the aircraft, they tend to realize that physically brandishing a weapon makes the possibility of a bomb quite tangible to those on the craft, and helps deter would-be heroes (most of the time).
	www.secretsofsurvival.com /survival/aircraft_hijacking.html (6512 words)

	American Defense Forces
		Rather, most aircraft hijackings are committed to use the passengers as hostages in an effort to either obtain transport to a given location, or, as in the case of the American planes that were hijacked to Cuba during the 1970s, the release of comrades being held in prison.
		Hijackings for hostages have usually followed a pattern of negotiations between the hijackers and the authorities, followed by some form of settlement -- not always the meeting of the hijackers' original demands -- or the storming of the aircraft by armed police or special forces to rescue the hostages.
		The physical takeover of the aircraft by the hijackers may be accompanied by noise, commotion, and possibly shooting and yelling, or it may be quiet and methodical with little more than an announcement by a crew member.
	www.americandefenseforces.com /hijackings.htm (3041 words)

	Plane Hijacking: In perspective
		Hijacking is seizing control of a plane, with the crew or/and passengers inside after the doors have been closed---whether it is still on the ground or in flight---by one or more persons, who are or who claim to be armed, for a purpose, which need not necessarily be criminal.
		The first was the hijacking of an Air France flight from Algiers by four terrorists of the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria on December 24,1994.The French terminated the hijacking at Marseille by killing all the hijackers.
		There could still be a 10 per cent threat due to the hijackers somehow managing to take arms inside due to the negligence or complicity of the airport as well as the airline security staff or their intimidating the pilot by pretending to be armed, even though they may not have arms.
	www.saag.org /papers2/paper103.html (3086 words)

	9/11 - FAA Regulations on Aircraft Hijacking
		When a hijacked aircraft is not within FAA radar coverage but within military radar coverage, escort aircraft may be controlled by the military for the escort phase only.
		When the hijacked aircraft is not within the coverage of the NORAD surveillance system in Canada, the escort mission will be discontinued.
		When communicating with escort aircraft, ensure that transmissions are made on a different frequency from the one being used to communicate with the hijacked aircraft and are not simultaneously broadcast on a frequency which can be overheard by the hijacked aircraft.
	www.wanttoknow.info /010712faa.ch7 (696 words)

	Analysis of the Hijackings on 11 Sep 2001: Suggested Measures for Prevention -- Air Cmde (Dr) C N Ghosh
		But hijacking four aircraft on a well coordinated time schedule from different airports and crashing them into multiple targets within a matter of 90 minutes of each other is a different kind of operation.
		The aircraft was hijacked in flight by the terrorists who took over control and after switching off the transponder changed course to Washington.
		Hijacking had always been the handiwork of a few disparate groups, with the intention of using the passengers as hostages to gain certain advantages from a particular government.
	www.satp.org /satporgtp/publication/idr/vol_17(2)/CN_ghosh.htm (6175 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Aircraft hijacking was another form of terrorist action promulgated by the CIA in its programme to overthrow the Cuban Revolution, marking the appearance of a new kind of terrorist.
		The 1998 PDB is titled: "Bin Laden preparing to hijack U.S. aircraft and other attacks." It was declassified, with redactions, by the White House last Monday at the Sept. 11 panel's request.
		Dial H-i-s-t-o-r-y is a story about the media, and particularly television, but at the same time a reflection on society and terrorism, which Grimonprez once referred to as the "bastard son" of the media, since it depends on them to transmit its message.
	www.lycos.com /info/aircraft-hijacking.html (447 words)

	U.S. vs Yunis Appeal - Promotion
		The hijackers explained to the crew and passengers that they wanted the plane to fly to Tunis, where a conference of the Arab League was under way.
		The hijackers further explained that they wanted a meeting with delegates to the conference and that their ultimate goal was removal of all Palestinians from Lebanon.
		Aircraft hijacking may well be one of the few crimes so clearly condemned under the law of nations that states may assert universal jurisdiction to bring offenders to justice, even when the state has no territorial connection to the hijacking and its citizens are not involved.
	www.terrorismcentral.com /Library/Teasers/YnisAppealT.html (5800 words)

	Information on hijacked Indian Airlines aircraft, IC-814
		Photographs of the hijackers of the Indian Airlines plane were recovered during the raid along with two passports, which were in fact made for hijackers still on board the Indian airlines plane.
		When the hijackers took control of the aircraft and announced that the place had been hijacked their first directive to the Pilot was: Proceed to Lahore.
		When the authorities in Kabul refused to allow the hijacked aircraft to land, which was communicated by the hijackers to the authorities in Rawalpindi, they were asked to proceed to Kandahar by the people in Rawalpindi.
	www.indianembassy.org /archive/IC_814.htm (5821 words)

	Paxety Pages \| Aircraft Hijacking
		Aircraft hijacking was, of course, the creation of fidel castro.
		Hijacking of aircraft to Cuba is an increasingly serious problem.
		Israel's problem with hijacking is serious - but the United States has had to deal with it longer than even Israel, thanks to the billionaire bearded bastard in Havana.
	paxety.com /Archive/20060816HijackingCuba.html (699 words)

	PMR adheres to Hague Convention against aircraft hijackings \| Tiraspol Times & Weekly Review
		Signed in the Hague, on 16 December 1970, the convention covers what constitutes hijacking and guidelines for what is expected of governments when dealing with hijackings of civilian aircraft.
		Aircraft hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed.
		Under the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, each state-signatory to the convention has a commitment to impose severe penalties on perpetrators, reports the PMR Parliamentary press service.
	www.tiraspoltimes.com /news/pmr_adheres_to_the_hague_convention_against_aircraft_hijackings.html (950 words)

	Federal Bureau of Investigation - FBI History - Famous Cases
		The gunman handed over a sealed envelope, labeled "hijack instructions," and stated, "give this envelope to the girl and have her take it to the captain." A stewardess complied, and the off-duty pilot returned to his seat.
		In addition, the hijacker demanded $500,000 in cash, four parachutes, and the return of all written or typed directions given during the course of the flight.
		One hand-printed note the hijacker neglected to take with him was also sent to the FBI Laboratory in Washington, D.C., for closer scrutiny.
	www.fbi.gov /libref/historic/famcases/mccoy/mccoy.htm (1628 words)

	ICT - Institute for Counter-Terrorism - Articles - Aviation Terrorism: From Bargaining Chip to Strategic Agent
		The second element is publicity, which was the hallmark of the TWA hijacking on August 1969 by Leila Khaled and, perhaps the most significant event that establishes this proposed assumption, the Dawson Field incident of September 1970.
		This means, first used by the Aum Shinrikyo (20 March 1995) highlights the possibility of shifting terrorism from the traditional role of the aircraft to a new degree of atrocity by using the aircraft as an agent for the distribution of WMD.
		Unlike terrorist attacks on commercial passenger aircraft, recent threats extended terrorists' focus to private aircraft because it may be a useful tool for dispersing WMD or loading it with explosives and crashing it into selected targets, alongside with its tremendous impact on various fields of social order.
	www.ict.org.il /apage/10305.php (2727 words)

	UNODC - Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Ai
		This Convention shall apply only if the place of take-off or the place of actual landing of the aircraft on board which the offence is committed is situated outside the territory of the State of registration of that aircraft; it shall be immaterial whether the aircraft is engaged in an international or domestic flight.
		In the cases mentioned in Article 5, this Convention shall not apply if the place of take-off and the place of actual landing of the aircraft on board which the offence is committed are situated within the territory of the same State where that State is one of those referred to in that Article.
		In the cases contemplated by the preceding paragraph, any Contracting State in which the aircraft or its passengers or crew are present shall facilitate the continuation of the journey of the passengers and crew as soon as practicable, and shall without delay return the aircraft and its cargo to the persons lawfully entitled to possession.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/terrorism_convention_aircraft_seizure.html (1886 words)

	30. Memorandum From the Acting Secretary of State (Richardson) to President Nixon, Washington, October 2, 1969
		Adoption of a supplementary convention requiring that the hijacker be returned or prosecuted in the country where the aircraft lands.
		Expanding the terms of reference of the ICAO hijacking committee to permit it to seek invitations to send fact-finding teams to countries which have not returned the plane, crew and all passengers.
		In light of the new Cuban hijacking decree, stating a definite preference for bilateral solutions, we are holding this proposal temporarily in abeyance until we see whether the new Cuban decree can be exploited to achieve the direct return of hijackers.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e1/45289.htm (1092 words)

	GRANMA INTERNACIONAL DIGITAL, CUBA ESPAÑOL
		In the early 1960’s Cuba was the victim of the hijacking of dozens of aircraft and maritime vessels, perpetrated by criminals encouraged by the anti-Cuba policy of those in the United States attempting to attack the Cuban people and defeat their revolutionary option.
		Alarmed by aircraft hijackings, U.S. public opinion was demanding a positive response from President Nixon to the Cuban initiative.
		They also contemplated the hijacking of maritime vessels and other crimes that, in the case of the United States, assumed a commitment not to allow U.S. territory to be utilized for launching attacks or aggressions against Cuba, which on the other hand, recalled the United States of its duties to fulfill the Neutrality Act.
	www.granma.cu /ingles/diciembre02/ju12/50terror.html (1159 words)

	"Home Run" Used To Electronically Hijack World Trade Center Aircraft
		From that point onwards, regardless of the wishes of the hijackers or flight deck crew, the hijacked aircraft could be recovered and landed automatically at an airport of choice, with no more difficulty than flying a radio-controlled model plane.
		To bank the aircraft left or right, the pilot moves the control yoke to the left or right, which in turn operates the ailerons on the outer wings.
		Using the perfectly reasonable assumption that hijackers only carry a limited number of bullets, and many aircraft nowadays carry in excess of 300 passengers, Home Run could be used to fly all of the survivors to a friendly airport for a safe auto landing.
	geocities.com /mknemesis/homerun.html (3128 words)

	Hijacking of Aircraft, Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hijacking of Aircraft - Terrorism - Commercial Aeronautics--Security Measures.
		Hijacking of Aircraft - Air Piracy--Prevention - Airports--Security Measures - Terrorism.
		Aircraft piracy, international terrorism: hearings before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session, on H.R. 1834 and 2441, February 28 and March 1, 1979.
	users.skynet.be /terrorism/html/hijacking2.htm (1075 words)

	Aircraft Anti-Hijacking-Collision Systems Previews Addition for Pilot and Passenger Safety
		The military pilots in a position to observe the accident airplane at close range stated that the forward windshields of the Learjet seemed to be frosted or covered with condensation.
		The cause was the explosive decompression of the aircraft's cabin, resulting in the loss of consciousness for the occupants.
		Global Aircraft Safety Systems is working with IntelliGlobal Mergers and Acquisitions to actively develop a consortium of buyers across a spectrum of businesses which would benefit from developing the patent.
	www.emediawire.com /releases/2005/11/prweb312076.htm (898 words)

	AM Archive - Aircraft hijacking in India
		The plane was commandeered by the hijackers in the early hours of the morning, between Mumbai and Delhi, where it has now been landed and ushered into a safe area.
		Apparently it does have enough fuel to continue flying, and the hijackers have allegedly requested that they be allowed passage to go to either Pakistan or another northern Indian airport.
		And they say the crew on board the aircraft has told them that the hijackers have something in their hands, though we're not sure about what that actually is at the moment.
	www.abc.net.au /am/stories/s382268.htm (490 words)

	"Home Run" Used To Electronically Hijack World Trade Center Aircraft
		From that point onwards, regardless of the wishes of the hijackers or flight deck crew, the hijacked aircraft could be recovered and landed automatically at an airport of choice, with no more difficulty than flying a radio-controlled model plane.
		This was no great problem for an average man flying a small biplane, but as aircraft grew ever bigger, heavier and faster over the years, the loadings on the control yoke and rudder pedals became huge, certainly well beyond the ability of a single pilot to handle unaided.
		Using the perfectly reasonable assumption that hijackers only carry a limited number of bullets, and many aircraft nowadays carry in excess of 300 passengers, Home Run could be used to fly all of the survivors to a friendly airport for a safe auto landing.
	www.geocities.com /mknemesis/homerun.html (3128 words)

	Killtown's: 9/11 Hijacking Charts
		Aircraft are generally removed for the following reasons: exported, destroyed, salvaged, dismantled, or permanently retired from service.
		The plane was seen to veer away from the White House, enter a high speed dive, and impact the side of the Pentagon building in Washington, D.C. This event was the third in a series of orchestrated terrorist acts that affected the United States on September 11.
		It was the fourth and final aircraft to crash in a series of coordinated terrorist hijackings on September 11.
	thewebfairy.com /killtown/chart.html (1053 words)

	Directive
		He was essentially derelict of duty, and later, he falsely claimed he was in total ignorance of the inbound aircraft that attacked the Pentagon.
		Whether or not a pilot has a shoot down order directly communicated to him, is of the highest significance, especially given the fact that the pilot may not have known if he was still in one of the war games scheduled for that day.
		Officials at NORAD have said that when the hijackings first occurred, they initially thought it was part of the Vigilant Guardian drills running that morning.
	911exposed.org /Directive.htm (2070 words)

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