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Topic: Airglow

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	airglow — FactMonster.com
		airglow, faint diffuse illumination of the night sky originating in the upper atmosphere.
		Most prominent in the visible spectrum are the red and green light of oxygen and the yellow light of sodium.
		Airglow hampers optical telescopic observations on earth by reducing the apparent contrast between stars and space.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0802897.html (146 words)

	AllRefer.com - airglow (Astronomy, General) - Encyclopedia
		airglow, faint diffuse illumination of the night sky originating in the upper atmosphere.
		In southern and northern polar regions the airglow is often masked by the aurora (see aurora borealis).
		Airglow hampers optical telescopic observations on earth by reducing the apparent contrast between stars and space.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/airglow.html (225 words)

	The Night Airglow, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The night airglow also derives its energy from the sun, but various delayed-action processes permit storage of the energy and its later emission of light after the sun is gone.
		Students of the airglow are not certain about this though because the appearance of a continuum can arise from the overlapping of many emissions at specific wavelengths.
		The night airglow sometimes produces more light than the stars, and consequently can be the major nighttime source of natural light, especially at high latitude where the airglow emissions are brightest.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF2/293.html (415 words)

	Airglow
		One contributor to airglow is the sodium layer.
		The orangish arc extending to the left from the aurora is airglow viewed edgewise on the limb of the Earth.
		During magnetic storms the airglow at mid-latitudes is modified by heating effects, producing stable auroral red (SAR) arcs (as seen on the right edge of the image).
	www.albany.edu /faculty/rgk/atm101/airglow.htm (688 words)

	airglow
		Airglow was designed by John McIntyre of Cambridge, and built with the assistance of his brother Mark and a small team of enthusiasts.
		The wing of Airglow was tested in the gymnasium at Sawston Village Collage where the head of science Bryan Gostlow had already been enrolled into the project.
		The Airglow project was funded by a grant from the Royal Aeronautical Societies 'Kremer' Fund, and help came from a variety of sources including Ciba-Geigy plastics of Duxford who provided a range of materials.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/j_d_mcintyre/airglow.htm (1128 words)

	[No title]
		Airglow emission measurements are limited to the four altitude levels that characterize the commonly observed emissions near the mesopause.
		Airglow temperatures with an accuracy of 1-2 K are obtained from the rotational temperature of molecular emissions, for which excellent results have been obtained from the hydroxyl emission at 85 km, and the O2 Atmospheric band at 94 km.
		Airglow emissions near the mesopause characterize the thin altitude layers within which they originate, but the method has the disadvantage that the altitude is not independently measured.
	stpl.cress.yorku.ca /~gordon/psmos_pr.html (4261 words)

	H Photometric Error Due To Airglow
		Airglow contributes extra noise at H band that causes the H fluxes of extended objects to have significant additional scatter.
		Since airglow affects only H fluxes to first order, leaving the J fluxes unchanged most of the time (see Analysis of Noise In The 2MASS Atlas Images), examining the increase of the J-H scatter with airglow is equivalent to examining the increase of the H scatter with airglow.
		The theoretical expected noises for the J and H fluxes are calculated for each galaxy from the number of pixels in the aperture used to calculate the galaxy fluxes and from the measured background sigma in the coadd.
	spider.ipac.caltech.edu /staff/tchester/2mass/analysis/galaxies/photometry/j_h_sigma/h_photometric_error.html (2000 words)

	Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Photographic Highlights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The predominant emission in airglow is the green 5577 Angstrom wavelength emission from atomic oxygen atoms, which is also the predominant emission from the aurora.
		Airglow is always and everywhere present in the atmosphere; it results from the recombination of molecules that have been broken apart by solar radiation during the day.
		But airglow is so faint that it can only be seen at night by looking "edge on" at the emission layer, such as the view astronauts have in orbit.
	earth.jsc.nasa.gov /debrief/STS099/top1.htm (1210 words)

	Heater-Induced Airglow Emission
		During the joint heating campaign involving, UK (Lancaster), Germany and Sweden on 16 February 1999, enhanced airglow at 6300 Å was observed by HF pumping of the ionospheric F region plasma at auroral latitudes from the EISCAT Heating transmitter.
		Airglow enhancement occurs as a result of excitation of the O(1D) meta-stable state, which radiates at 6300 Å (the red line) as the oxygen atom relaxes to its ground state.
		The short vertical extent of the airglow cloud and the high anomalous absorption of the pump wave that is expected for the large electron temperature enhancements suggest that the electron energisation which is needed to enhance the airglow occurs essentially perpendicular to the magnetic field and is due to upper hybrid turbulence.
	www.dcs.lancs.ac.uk /iono/projects/airglow (293 words)

	Resonant Excitation of Airglow by High Power Radio Waves
		A theory is presented which explains the increase of the intensity of ionospheric airglow emissions observed in the presence of high power HF radio waves by driven oscillations of the energy of the plasma electrons in combination with a narrow band, resonant type excitation behaviour at the atomic transition energy.
		With the present airglow enhancement problem, the necessary variation of the electron energy is caused by the non-linearity of the plasma oscillation driven by the radio wave.
		This and further aspects related to the airglow enhancement problem in particular and the radio wave -plasma interaction in general are discussed qualitatively in the concluding section.
	www.plasmaphysics.org.uk /papers/airglow2.htm (7259 words)

	airglow
		It is caused by the collision of charged particles and X-rays from space, mainly from the Sun, with atoms and molecules high in the atmosphere.
		Earth’s airglow varies with the time of night or day, latitude, and season, goes from a minimum at the zenith to a maximum about 10° above the horizon, and arises mainly from discrete atomic and molecular transitions that give rise to a mostly emission-line and emission-band spectrum.
		Daytime airglow, though drowned by sunlight, is actually 1,000 times as intense as at night.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/airglow.html (207 words)

	Atmospheric Gravity Waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The airglow emits spectra from chemiluminescence of atmospheric molecules.
		Airglow images were taken by a camera on board the Space Shuttle looking back into the wake of the flight path.
		Traveling along its flight path the camera observes new parts of the airglow layer which can be considered stationary compared to the velocity of the shuttle (~7 km/s).
	sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu /atmos/gj_science.html (410 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The solar cycle variability in the oxygen airglow is clearly visible in the data, with maximum emission rates occurring during the solar maximum period (1990-1992).
		The seasonal intensity variations of the oxygen airglow are dominated by a continuous decrease of radiance throughout the winter, until a spring depletion period is reached shortly after equinox.
		Drawing upon similar features observed in the oxygen airglow by the WINDII instrument aboard UARS, this spring transition appears to be associated with a global- scale redistribution of atomic oxygen occurring as a result of the reversal of the large- scale circulation patterns.
	www.misu.su.se /~jacek/Ground/dysmer.txt (656 words)

	Acoustic Gravity Waves in Airglow
		Airglow made visible by the passage of acoustic gravity waves in the upper atmosphere
		This composite of 2 30 second images shows 3 quite bright bands of light in the SE sky, most likely due to the passage of acoustic gravity waves through the upper atmosphere in the 80-100km region.
		The green colour of the wave features is most likely due to OI airglow emission at 557.7nm.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~loomberah/agw1.htm (609 words)

	Analysis of Noise In The 2MASS Atlas Images
		That residual airglow variation is probably a combination of the "frame edges" caused by airglow emission variations on scales of less than a frame length (8.5') that cannot be removed by our present coaddition algorithm and smaller scale airglow spatial variations that cannot be removed by our present background-subtraction algorithm.
		Airglow often contributes significant mean background excursions across the coadd that are reflected in increased coadd noise.
		Since this is the normal H residual background variation due to airglow, we clearly cannot toss all the scans with residual H background sigmas greater than 0.02, since this would correspond to ~16% of all coadds and a higher percentage of all scans.
	spider.ipac.caltech.edu /staff/tchester/2mass/analysis/galaxies/backgrounds/analysis.html (5811 words)

	Observing the Sky: Other Celestial Bodies - Airglow and Aurora
		This image shows both airglow and aurora in the Southern Hemisphere, and was taken by astronauts on the STS-100 space shuttle mission (Courtesy of NASA).
		Called airglow, this light is caused by high-energy (ultraviolet and extra ultraviolet) radiation from the Sun that collides with the atoms and molecules of the upper atmosphere, over 40 miles above the surface of the Earth.
		Airglow is present around the clock because the atmosphere is always interacting with radiation from the Sun, but during the day and twilight (dawn or evening), the Suns light is much brighter and we dont notice the airglow.
	www.onr.navy.mil /focus/spacesciences/observingsky/other3.htm (335 words)

	Airglow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The airglow is a faint blue to green glow of the atmosphere, caused by chemical interactions of air molecules.
		Airglow is one of the causes of the general skylight at night.
		Airglow is most evident near the horizon, since the optical path length through the atmosphere is larger when one looks low.
	www.weather-photography.com /Photos/gallery.php?cat=astronomy&subcat=airglow (134 words)

	[No title]
		Computer analysis is shown which alleges that the brightening of the object while below the airglow layer is analogous to the brightening of stars setting behind the airglow layer.
		This is not an effect of a light ray transiting the airglow region and somehow being strengthened.
		NOTE: Hoagland's argument that the dimming beyond the airglow disproves NASA's contention that the object is nearby and sunlit, since as it gradually rose "higher into the sunlight" it should brighten, not dim, is false.
	www.textfiles.com /ufo/UFOBBS/0000/044.ufo (564 words)

	Australian Antarctic Division - Hydroxyl airglow
		Known as the Hydroxyl airglow layer, it allows us to measure the temperature in this remote part of the middle atmosphere.
		This is made possible by the faint infra-red emissions that emanate from this layer during the hours of darkness (airglow) and our ability to "decode" information stored in these emissions.
		Although faint, emissions from the 8 km thick OH layer are the brightest in the night sky.
	www.aad.gov.au /default.asp?casid=11449 (504 words)

	Airglow imager observations of atmospheric gravity waves at Alice Springs and Adelaide, Australia during the Darwin ...
		An objective was to characterize the atmospheric gravity wave field produced from intense convective activity that is routinely observed around Darwin during November and December.
		On 17 and 19 November the observations are consistent with wave generation by convective activity present in the Darwin area.
		, the ducting of waves from distant sources is shown to be a viable explanation for the quasi-monochromatic waves frequently observed in airglow observations.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2004JD004697.shtml (471 words)

	Airglow -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The airglow is the very weak emission of ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation) visible light by the earth's atmosphere, which means that the night sky is never completely dark.
		Very low down, however, atmospheric (The reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation) extinction reduces the apparent brightness of the airglow.
		The sky brightness is typically quoted in units of astronomical magnitudes per square arcsecond of sky.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ai/airglow.htm (231 words)

	Solar Activity World Data Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		'Airglow' is the emission from atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere of the earth.
		The airglow is made mostly of emission lines such as 5577 Angstrom (green line) and 6300 Angstrom (red line) of neutral oxygen, and sodium D-line (5890-5896 Angstrom).
		Airglow observations in Japan started in the IGY period (1957-58), and have been continued since then by upgrading the instruments.
	solarwww.mtk.nao.ac.jp /en/wdc.html (472 words)

	Observations visuelles faites par des astronautes des U. S. - Etude scientifiques des Objets Volants Non ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Airglow was seen on all flights; fut photographié sur MA-9.
		Ground-based studies of the night airglow show that it is composed of a number of separate and distinct layers.
		The tropical airglow was relatively bright during 1962 and 1963, and became quite faint during 1964 to 1966, the sunspot minimum.
	www.rr0.org /Documents/Officiels/condon/s3chap06.htm (8302 words)

	Tomography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One of the task of "WARNING" mission is spectrophotometric observations ionosphere's emissions from satellite's board looking-for a heralds of earthquakes.
		Both observed function of column brightness and volume emission rate function of airglow may be expanded in a Fourier series.
		Observations of airglow were simulated in limited angle - 20 degrees along satellite track.
	space.univ.kiev.ua /~kono/atomo.html (184 words)

	Comparative Aeronomy in the Solar System
		Aurora and airglow are optical emissions induced, directly or indirectly, by electron and ion precipitation and by photochemical processes, respectively.
		As a result, the analysis of airglow and aurora allows us to infer information on atmospheric composition, energy input to the atmosphere, and magnetospheric source regions.
		Airglow and auroral emissions have also been observed on other planets and moons in the solar system.
	www.bu.edu /csp/uv/cp-aeronomy/aeronomy-sol-sys3.html (609 words)

	Quasiperiodic southward moving waves in 630-nm airglow images in the equatorial thermosphere
		We report quasiperiodic southward moving waves, which are commonly observed in the OI 630-nm airglow images (emission altitudes of 200–300 km) near the equator, in 2-year airglow observations at Kototabang, Indonesia (0.2°S, 100.3°E, geomagnetic latitude of −10.4°).
		The waves have predominantly east-west phase fronts and repeatedly propagate southward with a velocity of 310 ± 110 m/s and a period of 40 ± 15 min.
		The waves are observed in and to the south (geomagnetically poleward) of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly, which is identified as an airglow enhancement region moving gradually to lower geomagnetic latitudes at the premidnight local times.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2006/2005JA011406.shtml (251 words)

	Hines-Tarasick theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		For several different airglow emissions, the deviations from this approximate relation, due to chemical time constants were found to be small.
		A main conclusion is that wave damping contributes to the phase shift between the intensity and temperature oscillations, while conserving the fundamental qualitative relationship between the sign of the phase shift and the sense of vertical wave propagation.
		Hines, C.O., and D.W. Tarasick, Layer truncation and the Eulerian/Lagrangian duality in the theory of airglow fluctuations induced by gravity waves, J. Atmos.
	www.iafe.uba.ar /aeronomia/H&T.HTM (1914 words)

	Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use - A
		Airglow is a chemiluminescence due primarily to the emission of the molecules O2 and N2, the radical OH, and the atoms O and Na.
		Emissions observed in airglow could arise from three-body atom collisions forming molecules, from two-body reactions between atoms and molecules, or from recombination of ions.
		That is, air light reaches the eye in the same manner that diffuse sky radiation reaches the earth's surface.
	roland.lerc.nasa.gov /~dglover/dictionary/a.html (13387 words)

	Leonid MAC '99 - News on the Leonid shower. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the upcoming issue of Earth, Moon and Planets, Joe Kristl and colleagues of Stewart Radiance Laboratory report that the night time OH airglow became 30 percent brighter during the storm.
		The change in airglow intensity was only apparent for OH emission, not for the molecular oxygen emission at 1.27 micron recorded with the same instrument.
		And no similar OH airglow increase was observed during the other nights of the Leonid Multi-Instrument aircraft campaign.
	leonid.arc.nasa.gov /leonidnews18.html (567 words)

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