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Topic: Airline Deregulation Act

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	Airline Deregulation Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Act intended for various restrictions on airline operations to be removed over four years, with complete elimination of restrictions on domestic routes and new services by December 31, 1981, and the end of all domestic fare regulation by January 1, 1983.
		Deregulation has in many cases led to predatory pricing and other anti-competitive behavior, and to airlines overextending themselves financially; several bankruptcies and takeovers of airlines in the years following deregulation may be attributable to this.
		Another common anti-competitive practice of major airlines is to charge substantially less for a round trip on a given itinerary than for a one-way trip, or to charge substantially more for a given segment of a multi-segment itinerary than for the complete itinerary, which constitutes a form of tying.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act (1190 words)

	Lessons of Airline Deregulation
		The driving force behind deregulation was the perception that regulation by the CAB had resulted in reduced competition and higher fares.
		The best argument against deregulation was that proper administration and/or reform of the existing law could cure the regulatory excesses of that period, the classic baby-but-not-the-bathwater formulation.
		Indeed, the ability of airlines to discriminate by time of purchase, conditions of travel and, significantly, the degree of competition faced in each city-pair market, has been both the major impetus for lower average fares and the major source of most complaints about deregulation.
	www.zsrlaw.com /publications/articles/fjclessons.htm (1627 words)

	Airline Deregulation, by Alfred E. Kahn: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The United States Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was a dramatic event in the history of economic policy.
		Deregulation also has given rise to a number of problems, including congestion and a limited reemergence of monopoly power and, with it, the exploitation of a minority of customers.
		The airline industry is far more competitive than it was; the benefits of that competition have been widely distributed; and industry profits have been lower, on average, since deregulation.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/AirlineDeregulation.html (2605 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Airline Deregulation Act
		The Airline Deregulation Act (ADA) was a piece of US legislation signed into law on October 28, 1978.
		Airlines' dire predictions of a post-deregulation world were mitigated by the experience of thriving unregulated intrastate carriers such as PSA and Southwest Airlines and by the successful deregulation of air cargo in 1977.
		He would be the last, and earn the moniker "father of airline deregulation." Kahn argued that rather than sustain air travel, the CAB in fact acted to inhibit growth and encourage inefficient practices.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act (1168 words)

	Staggers Rail Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Staggers Rail Act of 1980 deregulated the railroad industry to a significant extent, replacing the regulatory structure that existed since the 1887 Interstate Commerce Act.
		The act was named for Congressman Harley Staggers (D-WV), who chaired the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee.
		Although it is traditional for laws to be known by the names of their sponsors, this is believed to be the first (but not last) case in which the sponsor's name was officially incorporated into the text of a Federal statute.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Staggers_Act (174 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The pressure for airline deregulation had been building for many years, particularly among economists who pointed out in numerous studied that unregulated intrastate air fares were substantially lower than fares for interstate flights of comparable distances.
		An airline with a hub and spoke system thus has a better chance of keeping its passengers all the way to their final destination rather than hand them off to other carriers, and travelers enjoy the advantage of staying with a single airline.
		Deregulation gave express carriers the operating freedom such high-quality services demand, and the result was outstanding growth for that end of the aviation industry over the next decade.
	instruction.bus.wisc.edu /dharmatuck/444/ata2.doc (3247 words)

	[No title]
		Enacting the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 (the Deregulation Act), Pub.
		Examining the text and history of the Deregulation Act, the court concluded that "Congress considered the legislative veto provision to be integral to the EPP and that Congress would not have enacted Section 43 in its present form without such a provision" (id. at 34a).
		The Senate felt strongly that "(a)irline employees have relied on the present regulatory system" both in "their decision to enter the industry" and in their decision to continue in the field "within the context of the regulatory system" (id. at 114; Leg.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/1986/sg860476.txt (9986 words)

	Airline Deregulation
		Since the state tends to act as an executive committee of the capitalist class, the answer would be forthcoming in the form of government regulation of fares and routes.
		The top players in the airline industry would find ways to defend their oligarchic interests in ways that were radically disjoined from the free market ideology they paid lip-service to.
		Airline monopolies also circumvent free market pricing through their control of computerized reservation systems, which is to this industry as Bill Gates control of MS Windows is to his.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/economics/airline_deregulation.htm (4895 words)

	Airline deregulation fiasco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The airline industry is a good window into the complete failure of the two great ideas of neo-liberalism — deregulation and privatization.
		Deregulation did lead to a flurry of new airlines, and for a while prices went down as a result of cut throat competition, But the effect was temporary.
		A quarter century of experimentation in the deregulated universe has shown that, left to their own devices, profit-driven private sector airline corporations are incapable of rationally developing the air industry.
	www.web.net /sworker/En/SW2002/372-08-Airlines.html (1370 words)

	The Airline Employee Protection Act: Yet another Paper Tiger offered up by Congress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 ("ADA") abandoned industry-wide fare structures, altered the procedures for entry into new markets, and phased out the Civil Aeronautics Board.
		A private claim for violation of the EPP includes injunctive relief to compel the airlines to comply with the preferential hiring mandate of the ADA, as well a monetary relief to compensate for lost benefits in the event of airline non-compliance.
		The Airline Deregulation Acts Employee Protection Program did not provide displaced airline employees with the benefits that had been promised by Congress.
	www.mcmc-law.com /theairlineemploy.html (835 words)

	[No title]
		It is perhaps taken for granted that when an airline passenger suffers personal injury or death as a result of tortious conduct on the part of an airline, he or she may maintain a state common law or statutory cause of action against the airline.
		The airlines, in effect, have taken the position that all state law causes of action for tortious conduct by an airline are expressly preempted by the plain language of § 1305.
		If the airlines are correct in their assertion that state law remedies have been preempted and that no federal statutory remedy exists, then Congress must have delegated to the federal courts responsibility for fashioning the rules of aviation law.
	www.starry.com /stuart/brief.htm (8356 words)

	Daniel H. Rosenthal, Legal Turbulence: The Court's Misconstrual Of The Airline Deregulation Act's Preemption Clause And ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		For the purposes of this Note, however, the airlines themselves remain at least partially to blame because they sometimes behave in ways that would create state tort and contract law causes of action but for the existence of the Deregulation Act.
		Since the airlines have no obligation to inform passengers of the actual reason for any delay, see supra note 41 and associated text, the problem described above is made worse by the fact that passengers are dependent on the airline to inform them that the airline is acting outside the scope of its contractual authority.
		In one case, for example, the defendant airline knowingly sprayed pesticide that made the plaintiff passenger sick, but the action was not considered an "accident." Therefore, neither the Warsaw Convention nor the Deregulation Act preempted the plaintiff's claim.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/dlj/articles/DLJ51P1857.HTM (8080 words)

	Asian Airline Deregulation
		Since the Airline Deregulation Act was passed 18 years ago, the United States has served as a model of the advantages of an open sky policy.
		With deregulation, in addition to gaining better access to foreign and domestic markets, American air carriers were, able to offer discount fares, which drew a larger number of air travelers and brought about a greater source of revenue for the airlines.
		Button referred to European airline deregulation as a series of "four interconnected thrusts." The first step was domestic reform, which extended the open sky policy on flights between cities of individual countries.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/econ101-dl/projects/asian-airline-deregulation.html (2466 words)

	Has the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 adversely affected airline safety?
		John Nance is a former Braniff Airline pilot, an attorney at law and the ABC Television Network's resident expert on airline safety.
		The Deregulation Act of 1978, was causing a decline in experience of pilots hired by the airlines.
		The airline would sign a contract with them to go out and get their commercial license (minimum of 160 hours single engine Cessna time) and then they would start their airline training.
	www.airlinesafety.com /faq/faq3.htm (1158 words)

	[No title]
		Trans World Airlines, -- U.S.--, 112 S.Ct. 2031 (1992) ("TWA"), and the policy of the Airline Deregulation Act, we conclude that the Airline Deregulation Act does preempt state economic regulation of intrastate ground transportation of packages by an integrated air- ground express delivery service such as Federal Express.
		In that case, Judge Noonan, writing for the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, held that part of the intent of the Airline Deregulation Act was "the encouragement and development of an expedited all-cargo air-service system" and "the encouragement and development of an integrated transportation system." 936 F.2d at 1079.
		As such, it is the intent of the Airline Deregulation Act to free them from state or local economic regulation.
	www.oag.state.tx.us /opinions/lo48morales/lo93-112.txt (671 words)

	Airline Safety Home Page, Airlines News, Airline unions, ALPA arrogance, Frederick Dubinsky, Roger Hall, Union ...
		AirlineSafety.Com is dedicated to the subject of airline safety and seeks to provide a free-market forum for the discussion of policies and issues which are germane to airline safety.
		That’s what happened in the airline sector: companies and their unions (especially at United) refused to recognize the competition Southwest and others brought to the market.
		Until the airlines restructure their business models to reflect what the consumers are demanding (low fares being the core of the model), they will just be throwing good money after bad.
	www.airlinesafety.com (3647 words)

	Michigan Appellate Digest - 179123 Fitzpatrick v Simmons Airlines, Inc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Under the federal airline deregulation act, no state may enact or enforce any law, rule, regulation, standard or other provision having the force and effect of law relating to rates, routes, or services of any air carrier.
		Any law or regulation which restricts an airline's selection of employees based upon their physical characteristics is related to the services rendered by the airline, and thus is subject to the preemption provision of the federal airline deregulation act.
		When applied to an airline, this restriction affects an airline's selection of employees and thus is preempted by the federal airline deregulation act.
	courtofappeals.mijud.net /Digest/newHTML/17912321.htm (223 words)

	The Evolution of the Airline Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Since the enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, questions that had been at the heart of the ongoing debate about the industry for eighty years gained a new intensity: Is there enough competition among airlines to ensure that passengers do not pay excessive fares?
		Deregulation itself became an issue with many critics calling for a return to some form of regulation.
		Morrison and Winston maintain that although the airline industry has not reached long-run equilibrium, its evolution is proceeding in a positive direction—one that will preserve and possibly enhance the benefits of deregulation to travelers and carriers.
	www.brook.edu /press/books/EV_AIRLN.HTM (421 words)

	CNN - TravelGuide - Looking back on 20 years since airline deregulation - Oct. 22, 1998
		There were no new airlines taking flight, and low fares were nonexistent.
		The result of his work was the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, signed into law by Carter, who predicted it would reduce airfares by up to 50 percent and open up air travel to millions of Americans who previously couldn't afford it.
		Deregulation gave birth to the concepts of airport hubs and frequent flyer miles and led to the creation of new airlines, such as Southwest, Western Pacific and People Express.
	www.cnn.com /TRAVEL/NEWS/9810/22/airline.deregulation (644 words)

	UNITED AIRLINES / After bankruptcy / That was then, this is now / To survive, airlines take low-cost approach
		Before Congress enacted the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, the airline industry was dominated by big, monolithic players: United, Eastern, Pan American, TWA, American, Delta, US Airways.
		Airlines are expected to lose $9 billion this year.
		Airline travel has become a cattle call -- but it's also become easily available to the masses instead of confined to the jet set.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/12/10/BU33745.DTL (1285 words)

	Airline Deregulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		AFP - Opponents of Thailand's prime minister were to hold a victory rally after forcing Thaksin Shinawatra to step aside, despite concerns about the power he continues to wield behind the scenes.
		Effects of Airline Deregulation Average fare reduction of about 20% over the last 10 years.
		Congress passed the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, easing the entry of new companies into the business and giving them freedom to set their...
	www.airlinederegulation.info (567 words)

	Airline HQ - Airline Deregulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Alfred Kahn, the architect of airline deregulation, discusses the current state of the industry with Paul Solman.
		Airline Deregulation, by Alfred E. Kahn: The Concise Encyclopedia of...
		Airline Deregulation: A Victim Of Its Own Success Frequent fliers bemoan flight delays and often crowded planes and airports.
	www.airline-hq.com /airlinederegulation (613 words)

	Trial: Airline Deregulation Act does not preempt routine personal injury claims.(Brief Article)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Passengers may maintain "run of the mill" state law personal injury suits against airlines, an en banc panel of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has unanimously held.
		The decision clarified the proper preemption analysis under the Airline Deregulation Act (ADA) and overruled several circuit precedents holding that personal injury claims are preempted.
		The ADA prohibits states from enacting or enforcing any law relating to rates, routes, or services.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:54146949&refid=holomed_1 (221 words)

	Amazon.com: Airline Deregulation and Laissez-Faire Mythology: Books: Stephen Paul Dempsey,Andrew R. Goetz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Having said that, it is of interest to airline executives, government officials, students and scholars interested in public policy, economics and transportation.”–
		While much of the literature on airline deregulation praises it as a successful adventure in public policy, Professors Dempsey and Goetz conclude that deregulation has failed to achieve any of its principal objectives: better service, more competition, or lower prices.
		Divided into four parts, their book assesses (1) the airlines, their corporate cultures, and the men who lead them, (2) free market economic theory and the political movement for deregulation, (3) the impact of deregulation on safety, service, concentration, and pricing, and (4) legislative solutions to the problems that have emerged.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0899306934?v=glance (616 words)

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