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Topic: Airline hub

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	Problem E - GWCF Contest 4 - The Decider
		They wish to place their central hub at the airport that minimizes the maximum direct flying distance from the hub to any other airport in the world.
		For each set of input print the latitude and longitude of the airport that best serves as a hub in a single line.
		If there is more than one airport that best serves as a hub print the one that appears last in the input of the corresponding input set.
	acm.uva.es /p/v103/10316.html (166 words)

	Airline News - News From the Airline Industry
		The airline's third hub, currently located in Pittsburgh, would no longer be a hub but would instead be a "focus city" with fewer flights but would still be the largest carrier at that airport, the airline said in a taped message Wednesday for its employees.
		Airline spokesman David Castelveter said the changes in Philadelphia will be the model for the rest of the network.
		The airline would not comment on specifics of the plan, but in a recorded phone message to employees it said it is seeking to become a lower-cost airline with a simplified, lower fare structure.
	www.theairlinenews.com /Archive/a20040507.html (6642 words)

	Airline Tips
		Airlines are using these measures to discourage passengers from buying tickets during a fare war and later changing the time of flight or destination.
		This airline is designated as the "official" airline of the conference, and is advertised in the registration brochure.
		Depending on the airline and the airport, you may be able to be rebooked on a flight by going directly to the gate.
	www.zoncom.com /Flying_High/html/Bulletin_Flying_the_Airlines_Tips.html (17243 words)

	Hub - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Airline hub, an airport that serves as the base of operations for an airline
		HUB protein, interacts with many other proteins in the network describing the interactions of proteins within a cell
		A nickname for Carter Notch Hut, New Hampshire, "The hub of the Universe", derived from Boston's nickname.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hub (225 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Airlines Work"
		An airline's basic function is to transport passengers and their luggage from one point to another.
		The airline industry is just like any other business, meaning that there are numerous types of airlines because their customers have different needs.
		Airlines are most often represented in public by those employees who have the most contact with travelers, such as pilots and flight attendants, but there are many more airline employees working behind the scenes.
	travel.howstuffworks.com /airline.htm/printable (2340 words)

	Airline hub - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is part of a hub and spoke model, where travelers moving between airports not served by direct flights change planes en route to their destination.
		Hubs are used for both passenger flights as well as cargo flights.
		Northwest Airlines (NW) uses Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport (MSP), Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (DTW), Memphis International Airport (MEM), and Tokyo's Narita International Airport (NRT).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Airline_hub (1590 words)

	The Cincinnati Post
		The hub-and-spoke system that the nation's airline industry uses to connect cities may be here to stay, but not without changes.
		The airline, citing the need to cut costs, said it would reduce total departures from St. Louis by more than 50 percent from 417 a day to 207.
		He said other airports vulnerable to cutbacks in hub status would be second-tier hubs of major airlines and all hubs at bankrupt or nearly-bankrupt airlines.
	www.cincypost.com /2003/08/29/hubside082903.html (567 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Losing an airline hub has its advantages
		With the nation's biggest airlines still retooling and sputtering toward financial recovery, industry experts say it's likely some hubs will continue to shrink, or disappear, stoking fears at the potentially orphaned cities that they'll have more limited airline service.
		Residents of Charlotte, N.C. — where average fares are among the highest in the country — have worried that the US Airways hub there also might be vulnerable to cuts, especially with the airline back in survival mode nearly a year after emerging from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
		The loss of a hub means fewer flights at the local airport and the likely end of nonstop service to Europe, factors that in the past made cities less attractive to relocating corporations.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,595061624,00.html (689 words)

	This is the Prepared Testimony of Richard B. Hirst to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary
		In fact, for consumers residing in cities with hub airports and those relying on one-stop service through hub airports, the system itself, as well as the vigorous competition between hubs that has resulted, is one of the most important developments deregulation made possible.
		However, airlines were forced by the federal government to operate in this manner, and in fact they were rewarded for doing so by guaranteed profits so long as just 55 percent of their seats were sold.
		It enabled airlines to more efficiently serve passengers by aggregating at a hub airport local traffic (passengers traveling to or from a hub) with connecting traffic (passengers arriving at the hub for departure to spoke cities).
	www.senate.gov /comm/judiciary/general/oldsite/hirst.htm (3127 words)

	Effects of Airline Deregulation [Mackinac Center for Public Policy]
		To improve efficiency and cut costs, airlines developed a "hub and spoke system" where some airports are used as a connecting point for passengers from different origins and destinations.
		[2] In essence, airline activity is characterized by "hub to hub competition" in which airlines must be as efficient as possible in building successful hubs.
		One of the biggest problems facing the [airline industry] today is airport congestion, a condition exacerbated by the hub-and-spoke method of operations that concentrates all aircraft activity into certain narrow time periods during the day.
	www.mackinac.org /article.aspx?ID=6358 (1235 words)

	Comair, The Delta Connection - Photo Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The milestone was marked during a celebration at Comair's main hub at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport.
		Comair celebrates its Cincinnati hub by introducing a new jet painted with the skyline of Cincinnati.
		Concourse C was built in 1994 at Comair's hub at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport.
	www.comair.com /photogallery (526 words)

	Status Report: Airline Competition and Concentration Since Deregulation
		Under the hub and spoke system, by contrast, passengers are flown to a central hub location, from which they travel to their final destination.
		For all hub airports, the share of passengers carried by airlines with 70 percent or more of the traffic on a route fell from 42 percent to 31.8 percent between 1980 and 19887 PRICING AT HUBS Another way to gauge competition at hub airports is to examine the fares charged there.
		As airline travel continues to grow, and airports become more congested, airlines are finding it more.difficult to acquire the gates and landing slots necessary to enter into new markets.This may be the biggest threat to continued strong competition in the airline industry.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Regulation/bg717.cfm (4090 words)

	Discount airlines in Europe - Wikitravel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Following competition from discount airlines, main carriers such as BA have also cut their fares on competing routes, and are often only about 20% more expensive than discount airlines, a price worth paying if the journey to the airport is cheaper and faster.
		Note that purchasing another ticket with either that airline or another at a week's notice may be very expensive relative to your original purchase.
		Prices tend to be lower than traditional airlines but higher than other budget airlines when booked 2 to 3 weeks in advance, but can be as high, or higher than, traditional airlines only a week before travel.
	wikitravel.org /en/Discount_airlines_in_Europe (3005 words)

	Flight Delayed Again? The Hub’s the Rub - Knowledge@Wharton
		When an airline carrier dominates at an airport, it uses the airport as a hub and operates flight routes along so-called spokes to outlying cities, and this has certain implications.
		Says Sinai: “The hub airline has no choice but to have all its flights arrive and depart in a short span of time, so their passengers can connect.
		While the authors find some support for very limited government intervention to decrease airline delays, such as a small “congestion tax” intended to make airlines realize the effect of their flights on other airlines, Mayer points out that too high a tax could cause airline carriers to reduce the hub operations that benefit many travelers.
	knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu /articles.cfm?catid=8&articleid=549&homepage=yes (1412 words)

	USATODAY.com - Disappearing hub? It's a myth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Airline industry experts have forecasted the demise of airline hubs for almost as long as they have existed.
		While network carriers may be forced to close some money losing hubs in order to survive, they likely will restructure their remaining hubs to maximize the revenue potential from the most lucrative local traffic.
		Hubs also will be smaller (serving fewer cities), and the focus will be increasingly aimed at supporting local rather than connecting traffic.
	www.usatoday.com /travel/columnist/grossman/2005-03-14-grossman-hub-closures_x.htm (1043 words)

	Ailing airline plagued by sick days - The Boston Globe
		A Midwest snowstorm and a crush of baggage caused widespread problems for airlines over the holiday weekend, but a flurry of sick days by US Airways flight attendants contributed to delays, a spokeswoman for the troubled airline said.
		On Thursday, the airline's reservations and gate agents approved a contract that cuts their pay by 13 percent, Kudwa said.
		There were also an unusually high number of sick calls from ramp workers in Philadelphia, the airline's hub.
	www.boston.com /business/articles/2004/12/27/ailing_airline_plagued_by_sick_days (446 words)

	University of Pennsylvania : Research at Penn : Business :: Flight Delays a Trade-Off for More Frequent Service
		Mayer and Sinai also found that most of the congestion at hub airports is incurred by the airline that hubs at that airport.
		While weary airline travelers might find the idea of coming to terms with increased travel time maddening, Mayer and Sinai suggest that congestion remains a necessary outcome of more convenient and far-reaching airline service.
		In fact, airlines do not fully adjust their schedules for increased congestion due to hubbing, a problem that has been getting worse over time.
	www.upenn.edu /pennnews/researchatpenn/articleprint.php?75&bus (1318 words)

	[No title]
		His duties include but are not limited to updating his hub roster a minimum of twice a week, providing assistance to his pilots when needed, and other administrative tasks as may from time to time be required.
		Time with the Airline - the prospective candidate shall have at a minimum three (3) months time in service with SPA on Active or Reserve status, with at least 6 weeks Active status as a pilot with the hub that he would manage if confirmed.
		If the pilot is undecided on the desired hub, the Vice President of Operations will assign the pilot to any hub depending on the needs of the airline.
	www.stpaulairlines.com /sop.htm (2156 words)

	This is the Prepared Testimony of Richard B. Hirst to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary
		However, airlines were forced by the federal government to operate in this manner, and in fact they were rewarded for doing so by guaranteed profits so long as just 55 percent of their seats were sold.
		It enabled airlines to more efficiently serve passengers by aggregating at a hub airport local traffic (passengers traveling to or from a hub) with connecting traffic (passengers arriving at the hub for departure to spoke cities).
		In fact, since competition between airlines for connecting passengers generates a significant capacity of long-haul seats from hub airports, there is a large pool of such seats available to travelers.
	judiciary.senate.gov /oldsite/hirst.htm (3127 words)

	Hub information - Search.com
		A nickname for Carter Notch Hut, NH, "The hub of the Universe," derived from Boston's nickname.
		Airline hub, an airport that serves as the base of operations for an airline
		Hub protein, interacts with many other proteins in the network describing the interactions of proteins within a cell
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Hub (284 words)

	New Delta hub plan in wings
		The news of further local expansion comes as Delta and the rest of the airline industry continue to struggle financially in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks, which has caused fears that more cuts in service and jobs might be imminent.
		Many experts have said the dire straits facing the airline industry means the death of the hub-and-spoke system, pointing to the crises at United and US Airways and the fact that the only carriers making money are low-cost airlines such as Southwest, which don't operate hubs.
		But others, including airline analyst Brian Harris with the Wall Street firm Salomon Smith Barney, have said major airlines need to pull back into their cores, with the bigger hubs to benefit the most.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/2002/12/14/biz_hubprofit14.html (1462 words)

	Hub capped: Airline's local commitment cut - Pittsburgh Business Times:
		The airline's scaled-back commitment to Pittsburgh, though, pales in comparison to the presence it plans to maintain at its hubs at Philadelphia International and Charlotte Douglas International, as well as other airports where it has significant operations.
		In addition, the airline is reportedly considering a liquidation of certain assets, including some hub operations and its shuttle service.
		Siegel said additional concessions will be needed from employees to help the airline meet its financial commitments to lenders, as well as the Air Transportation Stabilization Board -- a federal agency that guaranteed $1 billion in loans for US Airways as it emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in March.
	www.bizjournals.com /industries/travel/airlines_airports/2004/01/12/pittsburgh_story2.html (804 words)

	USATODAY.com - Today In the Sky: Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		And where are the "focus cities" — or cities that aren't necessarily hubs, but play a key role in an airline's route network.
		Hubs: Alaska's main hub is Seattle, but it operates smaller hubs at Portland, Ore., Los Angeles and Anchorage.
		That hub was meant to offer connecting service mostly between cities within the Northeast, but was eventually downsized.
	blogs.usatoday.com /sky/2005/11/an_airport_hub__1.html (820 words)

	North Dakota Aeronautics Commission: Airline and Cargo Services: Getting the Best Air Fare
		Many airlines put seats on sale for brief periods several times a year (although you usually can purchase tickets for flights weeks or months after the end of the sale period).
		Someone who lives at a hub might save money by leaving from another nearby city, even if they end up connecting through the hub to get to their destination.
		A number of airlines send e-mail messages every week to people who have subscribed to receive notification of last-minute fare specials for departures within the next few days.
	www.nd.gov /ndaero/airlines/best.html (1010 words)

	TheAirlineHub - For the airline industry and airline employees
		The airline ordered 20 A350s, valued at $3.2 billion, in November 2005 in exchange for a $250 million loan that helped finance the merger of US Airways and America West.
		The airline has been ordered to remained grounded up to 120 days or until the airline shows that it is meeting the training requirements.
		However on the mainland, Southwest Airlines Co., (LUV) the parent company of low cost carrier Southwest Airlines, posted the best rate at 82.4%, although it was a distant third to Hawaiian and Aloha.
	www.theairlinehub.com (2108 words)

	Airline's hub is in peril here
		The future of the US Airways hub in Pittsburgh rests on efforts to reduce the airline's costs at the airport, Allegheny County Chief Executive Jim Roddey said yesterday.
		The airline decided at the last minute to reserve the option to renegotiate the leases because of continued traffic woes exacerbated by the war in Iraq, Roddey said.
		Roddey said the airline's costs in Pittsburgh are far higher than in Charlotte, mainly because of the construction of the midfield terminal in 1992.
	www.post-gazette.com /localnews/20030405airport2.asp (1000 words)

	Airliners.net forum: America West To Close Columbus Hub
		The raison d'etre of the Columbus hub which pretty much diluted by the mid-90s with the massive influx of the A320s into the fleet, which made flights from Phoenix and Las Vegas to destinations that were only serve from Columbus possible.
		Airline officials said the Columbus hub was no longer as crucial as it was when it was established in 1991 to connect passengers to the East Coast.
		One of the main reasons that the hub is being dismantled is the fact that with aircraft suited for longer range routes, therefore allowing more nonstop flights from Phoenix and Las Vegas to the East Coast, the Columbus hub essentially lost its original purpose.
	www.airliners.net /discussions/general_aviation/print.main?id=1023052 (5233 words)

	When an airline goes under
		The high fare airlines spend about 10 cents to fly you a mile, the lower fare airlines (Southwest is the best example) spend about 7 cents to fly you a mile.
		If you live in an airline hub city and the airline which controls most of the traffic goes out of business, other airlines will move more flights to that city from their hubs.
		The only airlines which would be fun to be an employee are the new start-ups.
	home.netcom.com /~rcowen/when_an_airline_goes_under.htm (937 words)

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