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Topic: Airspace

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Controlled airspace

Air traffic control

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Turkey

Transportation in Turkey

	airspace
		Airspace is broken into the two broad groups – controlled and uncontrolled airspace – then into Class A - Class G. Class A - Class E designate controlled airspace.
		In addition, each controlled airspace class sets additional requirements and is subject to one of the more than 20,000 federal air traffic controllers or the hundreds of pages of rules in the Federal Aviation Regulations.
		In uncontrolled airspace, visual flight rules require pilots to meet minimum requirements for good weather and visibility, fly at certain altitudes, and to stay a minimum distance from clouds.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/airspace.html (508 words)

	Airspace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Airspace means the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a particular country on top of its territory and territorial waters or, more generally, any specific portion of the atmosphere.
		Uncontrolled airspace is airspace in which air traffic control does not exert any authority.
		It exists close to the ground or in mountainous terrain where safe flight under instrument flight rules (IFR) and radar coverage are impossible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Airspace (170 words)

	Airspace Classifications
		Although Class C airspace is individually tailored to meet the needs of the airport, the airspace usually consists of a surface area with a 5 nautical mile (NM) radius, an outer circle with a 10 NM radius that extends from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation and an outer area.
		The fifth airspace to discuss is Class E Airspace which is generally that airspace that is not Class A, B, C, or D. Class E airspace extends upward from either the surface or a designated altitude to the overlying or adjacent controlled airspace.
		Class E airspace is also the airspace used by aircraft transiting to and from the terminal or en route environment normally beginning at 14,500 feet to 18,000 feet.
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aero/airspace.htm (978 words)

	Controlled airspace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Controlled airspace exists in areas where air traffic control is capable of providing traffic separation.
		All aircraft must have a clearance to enter the airspace and an altitude-encoding (Mode-C) transponder that automatically reports the aircraft altitude to air traffic control is mandatory.
		'Class G' uncontrolled airspace is all airspace that has not been designated in one of the previous categories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Controlled_airspace (527 words)

	Atlas Aviation - US Airspace Classes
		Class G - (uncontrolled airspace) That airspace not designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E. Controlled Airspace - An airspace of defined dimensions within which air traff ic control service is provided to I FR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification.
		The configuration of each Class B airspace area is individually tailored and consists of a surface area and two or more layers (some Class B airspace areas resemble upside-down wedding cakes), and is designed to contain all published instrument procedures once an aircraft enters the airspace.
		Although the configuration of each Class C airspace area is individually tailored, the airspace usually consists of a surface area with a 5NM radius, and an outer circle with a 1 ONM radius that extends from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation.
	www.atlasaviation.com /AviationLibrary/usairspaceclasses/usairspaceclasses.htm (1201 words)

	Airspace Use
		The airspace use analysis involved the examination of each program’s potential impact on controlled and uncontrolled airspace, special use airspace, military training routes, en route airways and jet routes, airports and airfields, and air traffic control.
		In addition to conducting the airspace use analysis, he was responsible for liaison with airspace managers at the affected installation(s), airports/airfields, FAA Air Route Traffic Control Center personnel, and FAA Headquarters personnel in terms of collecting information, identifying airspace use issues and concerns, and responding to program questions and document review comments.
		Responsible for assessing the airspace use impacts of target missile launches on established oceanic air routes or areas of known surface or air activity, and the compliance with DOD Directive 4540.1, AR 95-10, AR 385-62 and the policy and operating procedures of firing into airspace over the high seas.
	www.q-arinc.com /airspace_use.htm (1177 words)

	Airspace
		VFR aircraft are required to contact you prior to entering the Class C airspace.
		Please recognize the altitudes the airspace is at.
		That section of airspace is from 2700 to 5000.
	www.geocities.com /ont_tracon/airspace.htm (146 words)

	Airspace Action on Smoking and Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Airspace wants the tobacco industry removed from this planet, and this would be a step in that direction.
		Vancouver, BC - Airspace Action on Smoking and Health, Canada's leading all-volunteer anti-tobacco organization, is calling on governments of the world to unite in a global effort to completely eradicate the multi-billion dollar, multi-national tobacco industry from the face of the planet.
		Airspace Action on Smoking and Health is dedicated to making the Tobacco Industry a health hazard of the past.
	www.airspace.bc.ca (1202 words)

	Role of Aquaporin-4 in Airspace-to-Capillary Water Permeability in Intact Mouse Lung Measured by a Novel Gravimetric ...
		The airspace compartment is filled with saline or an inert perfluorocarbon via the trachea, and the pulmonary artery perfused with solutions of specified osmolality (solutions A and B) at specified pulmonary artery (PA) perfusion and outflow pressures.
		The airspace compartment was filled with isosmolar HBS and the perfusate solutions switched between HBS and hyperosmolar HBS containing 300 mOsm NaCl, urea, glycine, or sucrose as indicated.
		The airspace was filled with an inert perfluorocarbon and the pulmonary artery perfused with solutions of indicated osmolalities.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/115/1/17 (6003 words)

	Flightinfo.com: airspace
		Airports that are not associated with Class B or C airspace have become class D airspace.
		The ceiling of Class D airspace is 2500 AGL (charted in MSL), and the lateral dimension are dependent upon the instrument approaches at that airport.
		Class E airspace includes all federal airways, continental control areas, control area extensions, control zones at airports without control towers, transition areas, and area low routes.
	www.flightinfo.com /airspace.htm (418 words)

	AOPA Flight Training - How It All Works: Airspace
		All of this airspace is divided into several standardized types, ranging from A through G — with A being the most restrictive and G the least restrictive.
		Class B airspace is designed to help manage the flow of high volumes of airline traffic as these aircraft descend from the high-altitude flight levels into the lower altitudes and eventually the airport itself.
		Class G airspace is uncontrolled, so it includes all airspace in the United States that is not classified as Class A, B, C, D, or E. No air traffic control (ATC) services are provided, and the only requirement for flight is certain visibility and cloud clearance minimums.
	flighttraining.aopa.org /learntofly/overview/airspace.cfm (1152 words)

	Nabble - Airspace and XCSoar
		Much of the airspace around Edinburgh is Class D.There is a central circle which is CTR yet shows correctly as Class D. The surrounding TMA, still Class D, shows as CTR, except for one sector in the SW which shows up as Wave.
		There is no way to disable airspace in XCS that I am aware of, so I just deleted that bit of the file.
		That caused all sorts of problems, including losing the airspace outlines even though the box was still ticked, and I had to go back to the original file.
	www.nabble.com /Airspace-and-XCSoar-t1772514.html (1045 words)

	U.S. Airspace Classes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The configuration of each Class B airspace area is individually tailored and consists of a surface area and two or more layers (some Class B airspace areas resemble upside-down wedding cakes), and is designed to contain all published instrument procedures once an aircraft enters the airspace.
		Although the configuration of each Class C airspace area is individually tailored, the airspace usually consists of a surface area with a 5NM radius, and an outer circle with a 1 ONM radius that extends from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation.
		The configuration of each Class D airspace area is individually tailored and when instrument procedures are published, the airspace will normally be designed to contain the procedures.
	www.asy.faa.gov /safety_products/airspaceclass.htm (1153 words)

	About Airspace Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Airspace was formed to answer the need for an economical, easy-to-use, reliable gas monitor.
		Airspace is located in a 4,200 sq-ft. office and manufacturing facility in the Menomonee Falls, WI.
		Airspace is committed to leading the industry in innovative gas sensing technology.
	www.airspaceinc.com /AIRSPACEabout.htm (173 words)

	Airspace Quiz
		Class C Airspace) What is the normal radius from the airport of the outer area, B? 10 miles.
		Class C Airspace) What is the radius from the airport of the inner circle (now called the surface area) C? 5 miles.
		Class C Airspace) What is the radius from the airport of the outer circle (now called the shelf area) A? 5 miles.
	www.sheffield.com /FAAKT/airspace.html (675 words)

	AIRSPACE
		On your sectional, horizontal Class B airspace limits are outlined in concentric solid blue circular lines that may be indented or extended in certain places due to geography or air traffic routes.
		The ceiling of Class D airspace generally extends upward to 2,500 feet AGL over the airport surface but the exact upper limit is shown with a number inside a dashed box outline.
		Class G airspace is a mantle of low lying airspace beginning at the surface.
	www.flytandem.com /airspace.htm (3365 words)

	Airspace & Airports
		The point in learning about airspace, as far as beginning ultralight pilots are concerned, is primarily to stay out of and avoid Classes A, B, C and D, and restricted "surface area E" as well as certain other types of special use airspace.
		Class E airspace reaches the surface at uncontrolled or non-towered fields as shown by dashed magenta lines attached to the circular area that indicates the field's airspace.
		To operate in Class B airspace, your aircraft must have two-way radio communication capability and a transponder with Mode C. With certain exceptions, the transponder is required within 30 nautical miles of the Class B area’s primary airport from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL.
	www.buckeye-illinois.com /airspace_&_airports.htm (7756 words)

	General Aviation Flying - Types of Airspace & Control Zones - Map of Airspace
		The airspace is shaped like an upside-down wedding cake to help funnel aircraft in and out of the main airport.
		Class D airspace surrounds airports with operating control towers and weather reporting service that are not superseded by more restrictive Class B or C airspace.
		Weather minimums for these areas of Class E airspace are the same as for Class C and D airspace.
	www.gaservingamerica.org /how_work/work_airspace.htm (1154 words)

	Reading Charts
		The most relevant piece of knowledge regarding airspace is that almost anywhere you go, you're probably launching in G airspace at the surface with E airspace overlying it 700' (or 1200') overhead.
		It is part of the PHX class B airspace depiction and is the 25 degree radial from the PXR (Phoenix) VOR.
		The shaded magenta ring that describes a 5 mile ring around the magenta airport denotes the floor of E airspace as 700'...outside of that ring the floor is 1200'.
	www.usppa.org /Resources/reading_charts.htm (3588 words)

	Airspace
		The airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet that surrounds the busiest airports in the U.S. The configuration is often referred to as resembling a "upside down wedding cake." Each one of these guys is a little different, depending on the airport's configuration.
		It can be altered for regional conditions, but is generally a circle around the airport that is 5 miles in diameter from the surface to 1,200 feet AGL (Above Ground Level), and then expands to a 10 mile diameter from that point to 4,000 feet AGL.
		The airspace is from the surface up to 2,500 feet, and the radius is usually five miles.
	stoenworks.com /Airspace.html (1096 words)

	Navigation You Decide Airspace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Class D airspace generally takes the form of a cylindrical area around airports with operational control towers and levels of traffic less than that found in class B and C. It is outlined on sectional charts with a segmented blue line.
		VFR weather minimums in Class D airspace are the same as for Class C. Class E airspace is the least restrictive of the controlled airspaces.
		All airspace between 14,500 feet and 18,000 feet that is not contained in other classes of airspace is also Class E airspace.
	virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov /navigation/youDecide/airspace.html (758 words)

	Federal Airways & Airspace
		Airspace software identifies all public use landing facilities near your proposed site and computes the distance from your site to the nearest point of the nearest runway.
		Airspace identifies air navigation and air to ground communication facilities and compiles the information into report format.
		Airspace utilizes the Federal Communication Commission's AM radio Station data to identify those stations that may be effected by your cellular, PCS, or microwave tower.
	airspaceusa.com /Airspace.htm (761 words)

	Airspace
		To facilitate safe, orderly use of airspace there are two internationally agreed sets of flight rules – to which all airspace users must adhere – plus several classes of controlled airspace in which aircraft may operate to take advantage of the implied safety within those airspaces.
		To maintain safe separation at aerodromes in G airspace pilots are required to exercise 'see and avoid' techniques supplemented by VHF monitoring and broadcasting procedures designed to maintain traffic awareness and to self-administer circuit priorities, where appropriate, in the vicinity of such aerodromes.
		Special use airspace, extending to varying heights, is defined on the charts used for air navigation and identified as P, R or D areas.
	www.auf.asn.au /navigation/airspace.html (4492 words)

	To and From the Airport - Light Aircraft Flying - UK Airspace
		Thus for all Class A airspace other than in Control Zones, flight must be conducted under IFR and the pilot in command must have a valid instrument rating (not IMC rating).
		Class D airspace is established in the form of CTRs and CTAs around the larger airfields in the UK, such as Aberdeen, Birmingham, Bournemouth, Brize Norton, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, London Gatwick, Luton, London Stansted, Newcastle, Solent and Tees-side.
		Thus although the ATZ may be in Class G airspace and as such be uncontrolled, permission is still required to operate within.
	www.toandfromtheairport.com /lightaircraft/ukairspace.html (1762 words)

	Welcome to the British Gliding Association
		For the good of the image of the UK gliding movement and to help keep the freedoms that we have won, it is critical that all pilots do their utmost to ensure compliance.
		The BGA Airspace committee are concerned that regulatory bodies are not aware of how much use we make of upper air space.
		The implementation of proposed airspace changes in the East Midlands area, which were approved by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) in August, have been postponed at the request of Nottingham East Midlands Airport (NEMA).
	www.gliding.co.uk /bgainfo/airspace/introduction.htm (974 words)

	Quiz #65 -- Touch of Class Airspace Review
		You've been radar identified by Lincoln approach, but 10 minutes later when you're smack in the middle of Lincoln's Class C airspace, the controller says, "Attention all aircraft, the radar is out of service." Without radar, the Class C airspace reverts to Class D and you may change frequencies.
		There is no control tower and the airport is surrounded by Class E airspace that goes to the surface, extending in approximately a five-mile radius.
		Walking out to your airplane at an airport inside Class D airspace you notice the airport's rotating beacon atop the control tower illuminated and turning, even though it is daytime.
	www.avweb.com /programs/quiz.cgi/brain/quiz0065.html (920 words)

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