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Topic: Airspeed Horsa

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	Airspeed
		Airspeed also refers to the speed of an aircraft in relation to the air which may be different from groundspeed[?] which is the speed of the aircraft in relation to the ground.
		The difference between airspeed and groundspeed is a function of the velocity and direction of the wind.
		Airspeed is important because it determines the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ai/Airspeed.html (362 words)

	The large Airspeed Horsa Invasion Glider
		The Horsa was a wooden high-wing aircraft, that was used on a large scale in the invasion of Sicily, Normandy and Germany.
		The Horsa was towed, with a hemp rope, behind the modified, four-engine Handley-Page Halifax bomber, the twin-engine Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle and the C-47.
		Thirty-two Horsa gliders carrying the second of the two missions for the 327th GIR were schedued to leave from Aldermaston at 1830 on 6 June, towed by the 434th TCG.
	www.fiddlersgreen.net /AC/aircraft/Airspeed-Horsa/info/info.htm (2479 words)

	Airspeed Horsa
		The Airspeed AS51 Horsa was a World War II troop-carrying glider built by the British company Airspeed Ltd and subcontractors.
		The Horsa was first used in combat on July 10, 1943, when 27 were used in the invasion of Sicily.
		The Horsa was designed to specification X.26/40 and built from 1940 onwards, with a high-wing all-wooden construction due to the shortage of other materials.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/a/ai/airspeed_horsa.html (446 words)

	Airspeed Horsa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Airspeed AS.51 or Horsa Mk I was a World War II troop-carrying glider built by the British company Airspeed Ltd and subcontractors and used for air assault by British and Allied armed forces.
		It was named after Horsa, the legendary 5th century conqueror of Southern Britain.
		On July 10, 1943, 27 Horsas were used in Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Airspeed_Horsa (658 words)

	horsa - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Horsa, according to tradition, was a fifth century warrior and brother of Hengest who took part in the invasion and conquest of Britain from its native Romano-British and Celtic inhabitants.
		He is said to have died in battle in Kent, and a monument was raised in his memory.
		Twin warriors are a common theme in folklore, and because our earliest witness to Horsa's existence, Bede, mentions a stone existed that recorded his name, recent scholars have speculated that his name came from an Roman inscription which was illegible except for part of the Latin word for cavalry -- cohort.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Horsa (118 words)

	3D c4d Airspeed Horsa Glider
		The Airspeed Horsa resulted from an air ministry requirement issued in October 1940 for a troop carrying glider with double the troop carrying capacity of the American Waco Hadrian.
		The Horsa was generously flapped so that it could land in small fields and had a jettisionable main undercarriage for rough surfaces.
		Subsequently the Horsa was used extensively by the British and the American armed forces during the D-Day invasion of France, the crossing of the Rhine, and most famously during Operation Market Garden.
	www.turbosquid.com /FullPreview/Index.cfm/ID/307061/SID/307053/blFP/1 (185 words)

	Gliders
		It was not long before bids came in, and contracts were given to Airspeed Limited for a 28-seater operational glider and to the General Aircraft Company Limited for an 8-seater training glider.
		Passengers entered the Horsa through two doors (one forward of the port wing and one aft of the starboard wing) which slid up inside the fuselage.
		Only a foot (0.3m) longer than the Horsa it had a mighty wingspan of 110 feet (33.5m) and, fully laden, weighed in at 36,000 lbs (16329kg).
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /marfleetwright/GPR/gliders.htm (626 words)

	::The Horsa glider::
		The Horsa was the primary glider used in the paratrooper landings at both D-Day in June 1944 and Arnhem in September 1944.
		The Horsa I was designed to carry 25 soldiers while the Horsa II had a hinged nose and carried vehicles and guns.
		The first major use of the Horsa was in July 1943 in the invasion of Sicily.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /horsa_glider.htm (345 words)

	Royal Air Force Shawbury Station Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Horsas were built in Birmingham and many were assembled and tested at the Shropshire airfields at RAF Cosford, Shawbury, Tilstock, Peplow and Sleap before being delivered to Glider Pilot Regiment squadrons in the South of England.
		Construction and assembly of the main fuselage and tail sections of the Horsa are complete, thanks to the influx of new volunteers and the timely assistance of Planet Platforms Ltd for the loan of a working gantry.
		Concurrently with the Horsa construction, some of the team are in the process of refurbishing a Waco from parts being offered and acquired by donation and purchase.
	www.shawbury.raf.mod.uk /assaultglider.html (1089 words)

	Airspeed Horsa glider from Pegasus bridge on D-Day June 6th 1944
		Horsas 95 and 96 headed west then almost due south, which course took them to the Orne bridge whereas 94 landed in error to the south-east of Cabourg near two Dives bridges
		In swerving to avoid 91, Horsa 92 skidded to a halt and broke its back by a pond in which the nose of 93 came to rest.
		Six of those aboard were trapped in this Horsa and most tragically the only casualty at LZ 'X' was brought about by one man drowning in the pond.
	www.pewteraircraft.com /RAF/HORSA/Horsa.htm (444 words)

	RCAF.com : The Aircraft : Airspeed HORSA
		The Horsa was first used in the airborne assault on Sicily.
		For the invasion of France Horsas went into action wearing both British and American colours and they played a notable part in the Normandy landings where over 20% of the total material delivered to the beach-heads by air was done by gliders.
		The main gear of the tricycle undercarriage was also jettisonable and a nose wheel in combination with a central shock absorbing skid could be used for rough ground landings.
	www.rcaf.com /aircraft/transports/horsa/index.php?name=Horsa (274 words)

	40th anniversary of RAF Broadwell
		In addition to their ability to carry and drop parachute troops, all five squadrons were skilled in towing the Airspeed Horsa gliders.
		Seven Dakotas towing Horsas were airborne at 10.48pm, followed by 39 Dakotas with paratroops of the Ist Canadian Parachute Battalion and the Headquarters troops of the 3rd Parachute Brigade.
		They started to take-off at 6.40prn, the weather was fine and the visibility 10 to 15 miles, allowing the aircrews and troops to see the escorting RAF lighters and, near the Normandy coast, the river and adjacent Caen Canal which was to be their target.
	www.angelfire.com /ok4/broadwell/40thanv.htm (1894 words)

	Ramsbury at War
		Parked in a line parallel to the runway about 500 feet from its northern edge were a number of Waco CG4A and Airspeed Horsa gliders.
		The pilot selected full throttle in an attempt to gain flying speed and as he neared the first glider he pulled back on the control column and the aircraft lifted itself about five feet into the air.
		However, because the Oxford was moved before the crash investigation began, this claim could not be verified and pilot error due to poor judgement was recorded as the prime cause of the accident.
	www.ramsburyatwar.com /crashes/oxfordramsbury.htm (357 words)

	Airborne Equipment
		Horsa's were used in the famous capture of Pegasus Bridge by Major John Howard's men on the morning of June 6th 1944, prior to the invasion of mainland Europe by the Allied forces.
		In a Horsa they were normally carried with an airborne jeep, an ammunition trailer and five men.
		When the RAF built two more types of gliders, the Horsa and the very large Hamilcar, it was realised a Jeep could be carried in the Horsa and even a small tank could be carried in the Hamilcar so there was no need for the Welbike.
	www.geocities.com /britsatwar/airborne_equipment.html (2046 words)

	Radio Controlled Glider Wing
		One of the gliders is to be dedicated to the memory of Mr Frank Hargraves, former leader of the Arnhem Memorial Flight who died on 17th September 2003, the anniversary of his descent into Arnhem with the South Staffords.
		The Frank Hargraves Horsa will carry his name, the South Staffords badge, the correct serial number and the names of the members of the Glider Pilot Regiment pilots who flew the Horsa to Arnhem.
		This is one of the Dakota aircraft use to tow the gliders.
	www.assaultgliderproject.co.uk /radio_controlled_glider_wing.html (270 words)

	GLIDERS
		The first military action with the A.S.51 is when 2 Horsa's are being deployed in a commando raid against the 'Heavy Water Plant' near Rjukan, Two Halifaxen and Horsa's, with a group of volunteers of the Royal Engineers departed on 19 November 1942 from a Scottish aerodrome.
		From the other Horsa, three are killed on impact and the others are murdered by an order from Hitler himself.
		Because of the strong side wind only 47 Horsa's and 2 Hamilcars reach their designated 'landingzone' (LZ), the others land widely spread in the area around the Orne and Dives river.
	gliders.0catch.com /gliders.htm (1309 words)

	Horsa MK2
		A Horsa was mostly used only once under operational, say combat, conditions and was then mostly classified as written-off due to the damage inflected in the landing.
		The Horsa Mk II had a double nose wheel, be careful and do not be fooled with the other types.
		The serial numbers of the Horsa’s used in Sicily and Normandy were printed in the old Airfix magazines and this shows that there were no R registrations but L registrations.
	www.militaryweb.co.za /reviews/horsa_mk2.htm (1845 words)

	Kollsman Sensitive Altimeter
		The cockpit of Horsa DP 349 was destroyed in the crash in 1942, however, a number of items from the cockpit were discovered in a shallow “V” shaped ditch.
		Horsa DP349 crashed near to Lysebotn, and it is the remains of this aircraft that the expedition set out to find.
		Although the aircraft was extensively damaged on landing, and subsequently caught fire due to a pyrotechnic accident when being examined by one of the local population, we have found significant wreckage both on and below the surface.
	www.assaultgliderproject.co.uk /html/kollsman_sensitive_altimeter.html (467 words)

	Gliderborne Assault on D-Day - GLIDER TROOPS
		The Horsa and the Hamilcar were used in operations, the Hotspur was confined to training duties.
		For this task two of the brigadeâs battalions, the 2nd Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire and the 1st Royal Ulster Rifles, together with one company of the Devons, were to be landed in the early evening by Airspeed Horsa glider.
		With the aid of specialized heavy equipment delivered by General Aircraft Hamilcar gliders, the airlanding infantry units were to reinforce the parachute battalions and hold off the Germans until the units of the airborne division were relieved by units arriving from the seaborne lodgement.
	free.prohosting.com /mawey/gliderborne_glidertroops.htm (3444 words)

	Italeri 1/72 Airspeed A.S.51 Horsa Mk.I/II Assautl Glider
		Italeri 1/72 Airspeed A.S.51 Horsa Mk.I/II Assautl Glider
		A Horsa had, compared to the Waco, no brakes and for that reason the skid was added on later production machines.
		The Horsa Mk II had a double nose wheel, be careful with this and do not be confused with the other types.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/portland/971/Reviews/raf/horsa.htm (1929 words)

	TheHorsa
		The Horsa and Waco were both used by British and American Glider Infantry.
		Perhaps the Horsa's finest hour came in the early stages of the Normandy Invasion when six Horsas loaded with infantry descended in the darkness of the morning of June 6, 1944, to capture and hold bridges over the Orne and Caen Canal, bridges that would allow German reinforcements to counterattack the Normandy landings.
		This exceptionally difficult and dangerous mission, so critical to the success of the beach landings, was accomplished due in no small part to the skilled airmanship of the six Horsa aircrews.
	www.pointvista.com /WW2GliderPilots/thehorsa.htm (563 words)

	Gliderborne Assault on D-Day - Horsa
		With around 28 troop seats, the Horsa was much bigger than the 13-troop
		The Horsa was first used in combat on July 10,
		The Horsa was also used in service by the by the
	free.prohosting.com /mawey/gliderborne_gliders_horsa.htm (253 words)

	Airspeed 'Horsa' glider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Most famously, the Horas was use for the storming of the "Pegasus Bridge" Which signalled the invasion of Alied forces in Europe in June 1944.
		•A.S.58 "Horsa" II - transport, also used for reconnaisance, 225 built by Airspeed, 65 built by Austin, 1271 built by Harris Lebus.
		Data for A.S.58 "Horsa" II •Crew: 2 •Wingspan: 26.8 m •Length: 20.7 m •Height: 6.2 m • Wing area: 102.6 sq.
	www.livingarchive.org.uk /nvq03/phil/horsa.html (246 words)

	United Kingdom - Army Aviation
		Airspeed Horsa transport gliders were obtained from 1941.
		The Mk.I (Airspeed AS.51) was the initial production version for troops only and had towing lugs on the spar attachments of the upper main landing gear legs, while the Mk.II (Airspeed AS.58) had a hinged nose for ease of loading, twin nosewheels and a towing attachment on the nosewheel strut.
		The first flight was made on 12 September 1941, and deliveries commenced in May 1942.
	www.aeroflight.co.uk /waf/uk/army/types/horsa.htm (208 words)

	AS.51 HORSA papertigerarmaments.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		AS.51 HORSA ASSAULT GLIDER U.S. Order either of these two and you will also get the horsa compatible GP, trailer and pack howitzer FREE.
		The Airspeed Horsa assault glider was used in every major allied airborne assault in Europe during WWII.
		Constructed mostly of wood it could carry 25 troops or light cargo such as a jeep or pack howitzer.
	www.papertigerarmaments.com /Page3.html (113 words)

	Glider Infantry
		The British Horsa glider was larger and held more troops but was made of wood substituted for metal during wartime scarcities.
		Trooper inside a British Hotspur glider, smaller than both the Horsa and Waco.
		Crashed Horsas - Ironically, Glider Infantry initially did not receive jump pay since their training and combat assaults in gliders were considered safer than jumping.
	www.pointvista.com /WW2GliderPilots/GliderInfantry.htm (775 words)

	Greenham Common, Berkshire
		An Airspeed Horsa being towed to its destination at LZ'W' near Ste Mere Eglise.
		By the beginning of June all four squadrons of the 438th TCG (87th, 88th, 89th and 90th TCS) were fully trained for paratroop drops and glider towing, day or night, and were given the task of leading the airborne forces to Normandy on June 5/6.
		They acquitted themselves so well during the first drop of the 101st Airborne Division, and subsequent Hadrian and Horsa gliders tows, that they received a Distinguished Unit Citation for their efforts.
	home.comcast.net /~aero51/html/airfield/greenham_common.htm (2554 words)

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