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Topic: Airway

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	CHEST: Airway hyperresponsiveness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Airway hyperresponsiveness is a characteristic feature of asthma and consists of an increased sensitivity of the airways to an inhaled constrictor agonist, a steeper slope of the dose-response curve, and a greater maximal response to the agonist.
		Airway responsiveness is a term that describes the ability of the airways to narrow after exposure to constrictor agonists.
		Airway hyperresponsiveness consists of an increased sensitivity of the airways to constrictor agonists, as indicated by a smaller concentration of a constrictor agonist needed to initiate the bronchoconstrictor response, a steeper slope of the dose-response, and a greater maximal response to the agonist (Fig 1).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_3_123/ai_99236265 (1243 words)

	Airway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word airway is also used sometimes to mean an airliner flight route, and thus the word "Airways" often occurs in names of companies who run airliners.
		The airways are those parts of the respiratory system through which air flows, to get from the external environment to the alveoli.
		The airway begins at the mouth or nose, and accesses the trachea via the pharynx.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Airway (207 words)

	TRAUMA.ORG: Critical Care: Airway Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As well as maintaining the airway, a tracheal tube (size 6 or less) may be placed, either blindly or via flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy.
		The LMA does not however protect the airway from aspiration, and by acting as a bolus in the pharynx, may actually relax the lower oesophageal sphincter and increase reflux.
		It may be used as a primary airway, with injuries to the pharynx for example, or after failure of orotracheal intubation.
	www.trauma.org /anaesthesia/airway.html (1587 words)

	Mid Carolina Internal Medicine Associates - Airway Emergencies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The airway, consisting either of natural anatomy or a plastic tube, is arguably the most important part of the pulmonary system.
		Sternal, suprasternal, costal, and infracostal retractions are also common in upper airway obstruction as is a piston-like motion of the trachea as seen in the neck with inspiratory efforts.
		Usually airway obstruction secondary to the bleeding is more important than the amount of blood loss so the initial goal of therapy is to protect the airway, usually by inserting the tube beyond the point of bleeding and inflating the cuff.
	www.midcarolina.org /papers/airway.emerg.html (2088 words)

	Military Medicine: Intracranial Insertion of a Nasopharyngeal Airway in a Patient with Craniofacial Trauma
		Intracranial insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway is an unusual and catastrophic complication of airway management in the patient with a severe closed head injury.
		Intracranial placement of a N-P airway is an unusual complication with a single additional case report in the existing literature.2 In 1991, Muzzi et al.2 reported intracranial N-P airway placement by an emergency department physician in a 46-yearold woman with open craniofacial fractures after a motor vehicle accident.
		A surgical airway by cricothyroidotomy or tracheostomy is the preferred method of maintaining airway patency in these patients when inline ET intubation cannot be performed.3 Surgical airway placement bypasses the area of abnormal anatomy and allows for direct passage of an ET or tracheal tube for emergency airway access.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200406/ai_n9413350 (1274 words)

	► Acute upper airway obstruction
		Acute upper airway obstruction may have any of a number of causes including viral and bacterial infections, fire or inhalation burns, chemical burns and reactions, allergic reactions, foreign bodies, and trauma.
		Airway obstruction from aspirated balloon fragments, buttons, coins, and small toys is common.
		Acute allergic reactions in which the trachea and/or throat swell closed are a common cause of airway obstruction.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/000067.htm (386 words)

	Airway Management & Ventilation
		Maintaining a secure airway during perianesthetic period comes as a primary requirement for safe anesthesia and is a fundamental responsibility of the anesthesia provider.
		Brachycephalic dogs are predisposed to the obstruction because of higher incidence of elongated soft palate, stenotic nares, everted laryngeal ventricles, and hypoplastic trachea.
		Postanesthesia laryngospasm is a significant cause of postanesthetic airway complication in the cat, usually trauma induced.
	www.cvm.okstate.edu /courses/vmed5412/Lect018.htm (1831 words)

	Medical Encyclopedia: Acute upper airway obstruction (Print Version)
		An acute upper airway obstruction is a blockage of the upper airway, which can be in the trachea, laryngeal (voice box), or pharyngeal (throat) areas.
		Acute allergic reactions in which the trachea or throat swell closed are a common cause of airway obstruction.
		Objects lodged in the airway may be removed with a laryngoscope or bronchoscope.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/print/ency/article/000067.htm (680 words)

	Pulmonary Vascular Congestion Selectively Potentiates Airway Responsiveness in Piglets -- UHLIG et al. 161 (4): 1306 -- ...
		dilatation of pulmonary vessels (1), and edema of the airway
		Proteinaceous fluid is seen between the lung parenchymal border and the cartilage plates in the airway and in the alveolar spaces (arrowheads).
		Vagal reflex is not responsible for changes in airway and lung tissue mechanics due to vascular engorgement in young piglets.
	www.ajrccm.org /cgi/content/full/161/4/1306 (4755 words)

	Evaluation of Airway Emergencies – History:
		Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations of the Pediatric Airway:
		The nasopharyngeal airway of the infant and child is significantly narrower than that of the adult because of the increased relative size of the child's adenoid pad, lingual and palatine tonsils.
		week of gestation, the pre-term infant generally demonstrates a poorly coordinated suckling response and may be unable to protect the airway.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Pedi-Airway-2001-01/Pedi-Airway-2002-01.htm (5536 words)

	ICU-USA - Tour - Airway
		An airway is a device that helps keep the mouth and windpipe open so that air can reach the lungs.
		An airway is normally only used for a short time, rarely longer than a few days, and usually only a few hours.
		These can be prevented by moving the airway from one side of the mouth to the other.
	www.icu-usa.com /tour/equipment/airway.htm (267 words)

	Airway Emergencies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Management of airway emergencies (MAE) for the purpose of this guideline encompasses all care necessary to deal with sudden and often life-threatening events affecting natural and artificial airways and involves the identification, assessment, and treatment of patients in danger of losing or not being able to maintain an adequate airway, including the newborn.
		Despite adequate management of airway emergencies, desired outcome may not be achieved because of the patient's underlying condition and progression of the process leading to the need for emergency airway management.
		Because the need for management of airway emergencies occurs unpredictably, personnel need to be able to respond with the appropriate equipment within 3 minutes, 24 hours/day, 7 days/week.(184) Additionally, a person capable of airway management in the infant should be present at every delivery.
	www.rcjournal.com /online_resources/cpgs/maecpg.html (4550 words)

	Airway Mastectomy Products - Bras, Breast Forms, Swimsuits, Turbans, Accessories Everthing for the Breast Cancer Patient
		All of Airway's prosthetic forms are made from 100% pure medical-grade silicone, the best
		Silicone is kind to the skin, well tolerated by the body and resembles the natural breast in weight and consistency.
		Airway provides a full line of products for women with special needs.
	www.airwaymast.com (135 words)

	Relationship of Airway Wall Thickness to Airway Sensitivity and Airway Reactivity in Asthma -- Niimi et al. 168 (8): ...
		The slope of the methacholine respiratory resistance dose–response curve (SRrs) was used as the measure of airway reactivity.
		airway remodeling was not assessed by bronchial biopsy or CT.
		Airway wall thickness in patients with near fatal asthma and control groups: assessment with high resolution computed tomographic scanning.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/168/8/983 (4166 words)

	Role of airway surface liquid and submucosal glands in cystic fibrosis lung disease -- Verkman et al. 284 (1): C2 -- ...
		These hypotheses for airway disease in CF are not mutually exclusive, so that multiple mechanisms may operate in parallel.
		Airway surface liquid pH in well-differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures and mouse trachea.
		Cystic fibrosis airway epithelia fail to kill bacteria because of abnormal airway surface fluid.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/1/C2 (7538 words)

	Airway
		Appreciate airway evaluation and management as a scientific art.
		Be inspired to study and learn enough to easily correctly answer ABA written and oral Board questions pertaining to the airway.
		Competently and confidently manage the airway in the practice of perioperative medicine and critical care.
	www.metrohealthanesthesia.com /edu/airway/airway1.htm (60 words)

	Pulmonary Vascular Congestion Selectively Potentiates Airway Responsiveness in Piglets -- UHLIG et al. 161 (4): 1306 -- ...
		The influence of pulmonary vascular congestion on the response of the airways and lung tissue to low doses of inhaled methacholine
		The thickness of the inner airway wall was similar
		airway wall in response to vascular congestion, suggesting that
	www.ajrccm.org /cgi/content/abstract/161/4/1306 (590 words)

	Dr.MAGBOUL AIRWAY PAGE
		Be sure the upper airway reflexes are obtunded before inserting the device.
		Once the COPA™Airway has been removed, the patient should be able to immediately re-establish their own airway and continue to breathe comfortably.
		Cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA) as an adjunct to ?breoptic tracheal intubation
	groups.msn.com /DrMAGBOULAIRWAYPAGE/copa.msnw (451 words)

	Emigration and immigration of mesenchymal cells: a multicultural airway wall -- Stewart 24 (4): 515 -- European ...
		Emigration and immigration of mesenchymal cells: a multicultural airway wall
		Antigen-induced airway inflammation in the Brown Norway rat results in airway smooth muscle hyperplasia.
		Airway smooth muscle cell proliferation is increased in asthma.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/full/24/4/515 (1822 words)

	Signal Transduction in Smooth Muscle: Invited Review: The circle of life: cell cycle regulation in airway smooth muscle ...
		Severe asthma is characterized by increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass, due predominantly to ASM hyperplasia.
		characterized by airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, and remodeling, occurs in 5-8% of the U.S. population and is an extraordinarily common cause of pulmonary
		Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in human airway smooth muscle is associated with profound reductions in cell growth.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/91/3/1431 (5050 words)

	ENW: Action Plan For Airway Problems From Hell! [Emergency Nursing World !]
		N.B. This article is posted as a discussion of advanced practice airway management strategies for difficult and dangerously dynamic airway situations with high probability of adverse outcomes and in which experts may reasonably disagree or have preference for a different approach based on their experience, training, skill and confidence level.
		CPAP [constant positive airway pressure] may be needed to distend airway walls and prevent collapse during negative pressure phases of respiration.
		The Difficult Airway: Cricothyrotomy A ten minute VDO movie from American Society for Anesthesiology and the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation brought to you by Keith Ruskin, MD and his GASNet page at Yale.
	www.enw.org /AirwayHell.htm (6596 words)

	Dr. Koop - Emergency airway puncture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is an emergency incision, or insertion of a hollow needle, into the airway (larynx).
		In an emergency situation, when someone is choking and all other efforts to assist with breathing have failed, a hollow needle can be inserted into the throat, just below the Adam's apple (cricoid cartilage).
		A cricothyrotomy is recommended as an emergency procedure to relieve an airway obstruction until surgical placement of a breathing tube (tracheostomy) can be done.
	www.drkoop.com /ency/43/003017.html (199 words)

	Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Calcium Handling by Smooth Muscle : A "Deeper Look" -- Parameswaran et al. 121 (2): 621 ...
		Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Calcium Handling by Smooth Muscle : A "Deeper Look" -- Parameswaran et al.
		Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Calcium Handling by Smooth Muscle
		may be an important determinant of airway hyperresponsiveness.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/121/2/621 (240 words)

	Role of airway surface liquid and submucosal glands in cystic fibrosis lung disease -- Verkman et al. 284 (1): C2 -- ...
		Role of airway surface liquid and submucosal glands in cystic fibrosis lung disease -- Verkman et al.
		Role of airway surface liquid and submucosal glands in cystic fibrosis lung disease
		Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an epithelial chloride
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/284/1/C2 (500 words)

	AlgoSim®: The Difficult Airway Algorithm Tutorial/Simulator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the smoke has cleared and the airway has been secured, the program enables the user to review his or her actions and compare them with the ASA algorithm standard.
		Since real-life airway disasters are rare, and long-term learning requires repetition, the program allows one to review each individual airway scenario as many times as necessary to obtain mastery of the educational objective.
		The authors hope that the routine use of this training aid will expedite the rapid acquisiton of airway decision-making skills among anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, and other care providers who seek to review the current standard of care for management of the difficult adult airway.
	www.gasnet.org /software/files/AlgoSim (812 words)

	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the application of positive pressure to the airways of the spontaneously breathing patient throughout the respiratory cycle.(1-4) For the most part, neonates are nose breathers; therefore, the application of nasal CPAP is easily facilitated.(5,6) This is accomplished by inserting nasopharyngeal tubes or affixing nasal prongs to the patient.
		Role of the upper airway in the pathogenesis of apnea in infants.
		The effect of continous positive airway pressure on the course of respiratory distress syndrome: the benefits of early initiation.
	www.rcjournal.com /online_resources/cpgs/acpapcpg.html (2693 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Upper airway biopsy
		Upper airway biopsy is surgery in which a small piece of tissue is removed from the upper airway (nose, mouth, throat) for examination.
		It may also be done as part of a bronchoscopy when defects are in the upper airway as well as the lung tissue.
		There are normal upper airway tissues, with no abnormal growths.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003856.htm (440 words)

	Relationship of Airway Wall Thickness to Airway Sensitivity and Airway Reactivity in Asthma -- Niimi et al. 168 (8): ...
		Relationship of Airway Wall Thickness to Airway Sensitivity and Airway Reactivity in Asthma -- Niimi et al.
		Relationship of Airway Wall Thickness to Airway Sensitivity and Airway Reactivity in Asthma
		Airway wall area corrected by body surface area was measured
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/168/8/983 (578 words)

	Airway Remodeling in Asthma: Therapeutic Implications of Mechanisms -- Homer and Elias 20 (1): 28 -- Physiology
		Airway Remodeling in Asthma: Therapeutic Implications of Mechanisms -- Homer and Elias 20 (1): 28 -- Physiology
		Airway Remodeling in Asthma: Therapeutic Implications of Mechanisms
		of the airways that leads to tissue injury and subsequent structural
	physiologyonline.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/20/1/28 (131 words)

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