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Topic: Akan people

	Akan Philosophy of the Person (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The Akan philosophy of persons thus represents an attempt to resolve questions of identity, freedom, and morality in favor of a communalistic way of life that has evolved as a rational adaptation to the exigencies of survival under harsh conditions.
		The Akan funeral is a form of send-off for the departing soul on the journey to the ancestral world—a journey for which a child does not qualify because she hasn't attained personhood.
		At the other end is the Akan ancestor, the culmination of the process of becoming a person whose memory serves as a moral exemplar to the living that guides the moral journey of the Akan.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/akan-person (5036 words)

	Akan Dictionary Project Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Akan is one of the major languages of Ghana, spoken as mother tongue by 44% of the total population (Grimes 1996:275) in vast areas of the south of the country (Language Map), amounting to approximately 7 million people.
		Akan is the medium of instruction during the first three years of primary school in the area where it is mainly spoken and is one of the national languages taught as a subject for examination throughout the whole curriculum up to University.
		Akan was developed as a literary language in the second half of the 19th century, primarily through the initiative of the Basel Mission.
	www.unizh.ch /spw/afrling/akandic/AKANPROJ.HTM (595 words)

	Akan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Akan people, an ethnic group from western Africa
		Akan languages, a stock of dialects spoken by the Akan people
		Akan, Hokkaido, a town in Akan District, Hokkaido
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Akan (137 words)

	Akan people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Akan people are an ethnic group of West Africa.
		This group includes the Akuapem, the Ashanti, the Akyem, the Brong, the Fante and the Nzema peoples of Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.
		From the fifteenth century to nineteenth century, the Akan people dominated gold mining and gold trade in the region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Akan_people (195 words)

	Kwahu People
		The rise of the early Akan centralized states can be traced to the 13th century and is likely related to the opening of trade routes established to move gold throughout the region.
		The Akan confederacy was dissolved by the British in 1900 and colonized in 1901.
		Akan mythology claims that at one time the god freely interacted with man, but that after being continually struck by the pestle of an old woman pounding fufu, he retreated far up into the sky.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Kwahu.html (554 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Akan people
		The Akan people are a linguistic group of West Africa.
		From the 15th century to 19th century, the Akan people dominated gold mining and gold trade in the region.
		Akan art is wide-ranging and renowned, especially for the tradition of crafting bronze gold weights, which were made using the lost wax method of casting.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Akan_people (254 words)

	Akan Case Study, Lecture Notes
		They will break and then each head back to his or her matrilineal house (where the ancestral stools are kept) to "confer with the ancestors." It turns out that they are conferring with the older women in the matrilineage.
		Their support for the ideal of a nuclear family implied that women should be obedient to their husbands, stay at home to do domestic chores and raise their children while their husbands went out to work, and to abolish chieftaincy, matrilineages, ancestors, gods and the other institutions which supported these ancient notions.
		With urbanization, and Akan people going to find work in the city, in the country towns, or overseas, the same pattern has been adapted.
	www.scn.org /cmp/modules/soc-akan.htm (1501 words)

	NOVICA - Masks - Masks of Ghana - Akan Tribe
		Among the Akan people of Ghana, this mask is believed to scare away the spirits of calamity.
		A grand ceremonial mask for the Akan people, the odefo is worn by young aspiring warriors.
		Among the Akan people of Ghana, when a person in the community shows kindness to the poor and needy he or she may be rewarded with this piece.
	www.novica.com /art/masks/masks-of-ghana-akan-tribe/index.cfm?c=636&l=4&si=1 (5753 words)

	CHAPTER II
		Akans therefore treat the new entity as an extension of human existence; and they regard the power of the tool as an extension and an enhancement of the manipulative capability of the human being.
		Akans believe that it is the strength of the sunsum of individual entities that determines their level of manifest activity.
		Akans believe that it is the Creator who assigns to each person, thing and event the time and place of its coming into existence; and this serves as a premise for the doctrine of fate or predestination which exerts so much influence on Akan decisions and activities.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series02/II-5/chapter_ii.htm (6823 words)

	Language, culture and development (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Akan is one of the major languages of Ghana, spoken as mother tongue by 44% of the total population (Grimes 1992:263) in vast areas of the south of the country, amounting to approx.
		In current policy, Akan is the medium of instruction during the first three years of primary school and is taught as a subject for examination throughout the whole curriculum.
		At the local level, as far as Akan goes, efforts at standardization and normalization have been made for some time, culminating in the publication of a cross-dialectal study and a joint orthography proposal by Florence Dolphyne (1988), a leading authority in the field of Akan studies and currently co-vice-chancellor of the University of Ghana.
	www.unizh.ch /spw/afrling/akandic/adetails.htm (4212 words)

	Ashanti.com.au - Ashanti (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As this transition to agriculture took place, Akan communities not only planted more of their traditional crops - plantains, yams, and rice - but also adopted a wide variety of new crops from the Americas, including maize (corn) and cassava, which were brought to Africa by Europeans.
		The most distant districts of the state which were populated by non-Akan people annually sent thousands of slaves to Kumasi." "Opoku Ware and his successors tried to centralize power in the hands of the king, or Asantehene.
		Whereas Abusua means (or is) a group or groups of people descended from one great-grand-mother on the maternal side, Clan is a federation of four or five different groups of Abusua or Families with one recognised head.
	www.ashanti.com.au /pb/wp_8078438f.html?0.5926356974806681 (6483 words)

	THE POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND VIOLENCE IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE
		The Akan group, as a language community, in Côte d’Ivoire belongs to the branch of the Niger-Congo language family and most of them in Côte d’Ivoire are descendents of eighteenth century migrants from the Ashante kingdom.
		To the east of the Mandé are Voltaic peoples.
		Thus, according to that colonial myth, the Mande people and their sub-groups known to be the descendents of Sunjata Keita the founding father of the Mali Empire, are placed at the summit of the hierarchy, the Akan in the middle and at the lower level of the scale, the Kru people.
	www.africaresource.com /war/issue5/konate.htm (8226 words)

	THE POLITICS OF IDENTITY AND VIOLENCE IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE
		In some cases, people who share the same culture and language were set against each other by the colonial masters, and later by local politicians, in order to rule and exploit them.
		The Akan group, as a language community, in Côte d’Ivoire belongs to the branch of the Niger-Congo language family and most of them in Côte d’Ivoire are descendents of eighteenth century migrants from the Ashante kingdom.
		Thus, according to that colonial myth, the Mande people and their sub-groups known to be the descendents of Sunjata Keita the founding father of the Mali Empire, are placed at the summit of the hierarchy, the Akan in the middle and at the lower level of the scale, the Kru people.
	www.westafricareview.com /issue5/konate.htm (8226 words)

	African Cosmology
		In S.G. Williamson's comparative study of Christianity and Akan Religion, he argued that the church established by the western missionaries made some considerable gains both in propagating the Christian religion and in acting as a social and cultural force, yet it was not able to speak directly to the people in religiously convincing terms.
		The attitude of the missionaries and their African disciples towards the Akan primal worldview and the Akan culture was one of negation, a denial of the validity of supernatural powers.
		If a particular religious system fails to address what the people feel that their whole existence and survival hinge on, that system is bound to be jettisoned when the people are confronted with the real issues of life.
	www.pctii.org /cyberj/cyberj10/larbi.html (7188 words)

	Akan Ethnic Group (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The primary form of Akan social organization is the family or the abusu--the basic unit in a society based on matriclans.
		The development of the Asante Empire, for example, was largely at the expense of the independence of the surrounding Akan, who were quick to reassert their autonomy, especially after 1896, when Asante was defeated and its king, the asantehen (king of Asante), was exiled to the Seychelles by the British.
		A goldweight in one scale pan balances gold dust in the other, while the owner suspends the thread loop in the center of the balance beam over the ball of his extended left thumb as that hand is held out, palm and fingers up, so that he cannot influence the balancing of the scales (Garrard:173).
	www.atidekate.com /Ashanti/Akan.html (4694 words)

	AKAN Protocol: Remembering the traditions of our Ancestors
		The Akans are, all the Twi-speaking people of Ashanti, Akuapim, Brong-Ahafo, Akim, Wassaw, Sefwi, Denkyira, Kwahu and the Fantes along the coastal belt.
		For instance, the Akans have a way of showing loyalty and courtesy to their chiefs and elders, honoring their Ancestors, organizing funerals and performing marriage rites etc.; which is worth knowing by any person who claims legacy to Akan ancestry.
		The Author, an Akan Traditional Priestess and a Queenmother of Atonkwa in the Edina (Elmina) Traditional Area of Ghana has traveled far and wide among the Akan communities in the Ashanti, Eastern, Western, Northern, and Central Regions of Ghana, living and interacting with the people and practicing the art on the spot.
	www.afsani.org /products.htm (505 words)

	Ghana - Major Ethnic Groups
		The Akan people occupy practically the whole of Ghana south and west of the Black Volta.
		Historical accounts suggest that Akan groups migrated from the north to occupy the forest and coastal areas of the south as early as the thirteenth century.
		The relative homogeneity of Akan cultures, languages, and authority structures has not led to political unity; the most important conflicts of the Akan in precolonial and colonial times, for example, were with other Akan groups.
	countrystudies.us /ghana/39.htm (873 words)

	Adinkra Symbols
		ADINKRA is a special cloth worn during the funeral and at other funeral activities by the Akan people of Ghana, one of the larger ethnic groups of West African people.
		The cloth is hand-painted and hand-embroidered and is adorned with Akan, or adinkra symbols which are arranged in a specific manner to convey a parting message for the departing soul to take with him to the 'afterlife'.
		People may disagree on different levels about interpretations, but the basic definition and concept of the design in generally agreed upon.
	www.kamau-sage.com /adinkra.htm (427 words)

	The culture and dignity of crossing over - Minnesota Daily
		People sing and march to let the ancestors know someone died a dignified death and is coming over in dignified style.
		I traced my African-American family's traditions to the Akan people of Ghana, whose medieval villagers preserved their families' traditions from slavers in the hills of Akuapem and on the coast.
		The rear guard of people were the "kyidom." They were the rear guard of farmers, who fed the people; the women and healers, who healed and bandaged the wounded, and removed and buried the dead.
	www.mndaily.com /articles/2005/09/14/65128 (770 words)

	African and African-American culture and traditions - Adinkra Symbols (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The traditional mourning cloth worn by the people residing in Ghana and Cote' d'Ivoire, the area of Asante in particular, is referred to as "Adinkra".
		These people, known as the Ashanti, are members of a large cultural group who identify strongly with a culture and collection of traditions known as the Akan.
		The common language of the Ashanti is known as "Twi", although other Akan people speak various dialects of Twi, such as the Fanti, a Coastal group, and the Akua-pim, a group located south-east of Asante.
	arts.osu.edu /ArtEducation/kplayground/adinkrasymbols.htm (651 words)

	Akan Symbols (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Akan Gold Weights can be seen as classic representations of the depth and dimensions of African material culture.
		The people in the Gulf of Guniea and its surroundings, long before the colonial period, had designed and operated a weight and monetary system.
		In Akan's tradition, a decree is implemented through the apportionment of gold measured by a figurine designed or minted in conjunction with the decree.
	www.library.cornell.edu /africana/Writing_Systems/akan.html (223 words)

	Akan People
		From the Adae to the Odiwira to the Homowo to the Damba to the Yam festival, Ghana is a land of rituals, shrines and festivals.
		Of significance in the Akan culture is the symbolic representation of the “Stool.” In general, the stool symbolizes the “soul of the nation.” It is believed that the stool is a representative (repository) of the Ancestors.
		The precious Kente is the cultural identity and landmark symbol of the Akan people.
	www.ushaka.com /akanpeople2.html (415 words)

	african history akan
		For example, The Akan people are given a page of their own, yet the Asante (Ashanti) are also an Akan people, as are the Akuapem.
		Historical accounts suggest that Akan groups migrated from the north to occupy the forest and coastal areas of the south as early as the thirteenth century.
		In Akan one of the names a person is given depends on his or her day of the week of birth, and the person's gender.
	www.archaeolink.com /african_history_akan.htm (795 words)

	Akan Cultural Symbols Project Title Page
		Welcome to the Akan symbols project home page.
		It represents a traditional Akan house built around a central courtyard.
		Visit our virtual house and learn more about this and other symbols that comprise the unique written language of the Akan people.
	www.marshall.edu /akanart (278 words)

	Akan-ashanti
		The Akan people occupy practically the whole of Ghana south and west of the Black Volta.
		Historical accounts suggest that Akan groups migrated from the north to occupy the forest and coastal areas of the south as early as the thirteenth century.
		The relative homogeneity of Akan cultures, languages, and authority structures has not led to political unity; the most important conflicts of the Akan in precolonial and colonial times, for example, were with other Akan groups.
	www.beepworld.de /members18/shika-gold/ashanti.htm (2175 words)

	africancraft.com
		Adinkra is the name given the colorful, hand-painted and hand-embroidered cloth used for mourning by the Akan people of Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire.
		Akan is the language of the Akan people, who comprise about one-half of the population of Ghana.
		Some of the symbols express the legendary history of the Akan people, and others are cultural metaphors and aphorisms about myths, legends, beliefs, and rituals.
	www.africancrafts.com /book.php?sid=25680861487664885130412973690481&id=willis (524 words)

	African Proverb of the Month
		Among the Anyuak people in the Gambella Region in Ethiopia it is used during sacrifice for some and at the time of reconciliation feasts for others.
		It is customary for these business people to visit their friends, relatives etc. It is a disgrace for the head of the family not to be able to serve pounded yam on these market days.
		In such a context, particularly when the harvest is very poor, it may happen that people suffer from hunger and orphans may be neglected by the large family that is supposed to take care of them when their parents die.
	www.afriprov.org /resources/explain2003.htm (7005 words)

	Akan articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Akan AKAN [Akan], people of W Africa, primarily in Ghana, where they number over 7.5 million, Côte d'Ivoire, and Togo.
		It is inhabited by the Ashanti, a matrilineal Akan people who constitute one of Ghana's major ethnic groups.
		Fanti FANTI [Fanti], fl African ethnic group, S Ghana, living around Cape Coast and Elmina, one of the Akan peoples.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/45358.html (239 words)

	Twumasi
		The objective of this paper is to examine the concept of death and its ramifications in the contemporary Akan society and formulate a model of Christian response that will be an effective model for ministry among people of Akan culture in Ghana, West Africa.
		Among Akans it is a norm for dead bodies to be kept in the mortuary for weeks or months until relatives are adequately organized to give a fitting burial ceremony to the departed soul.
		The Akans have an elaborate burial ceremony because it is thought that the condition of the deceased in the other world is determined in part by the treatment he receives from his family and friends.
	www.missiology.org /animism/Articles/twumasi.htm (1287 words)

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