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Topic: Akan

	Akan Dictionary Project Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Akan is one of the major languages of Ghana, spoken as mother tongue by 44% of the total population (Grimes 1996:275) in vast areas of the south of the country (Language Map), amounting to approximately 7 million people.
		Akan is the medium of instruction during the first three years of primary school in the area where it is mainly spoken and is one of the national languages taught as a subject for examination throughout the whole curriculum up to University.
		Akan was developed as a literary language in the second half of the 19th century, primarily through the initiative of the Basel Mission.
	www.unizh.ch /spw/afrling/akandic (595 words)

	Forty Days; The Akan Calendar
		The social organization of the currently dominant Akan is based on matrilineal descent, which may reflect matriliny among some of the migrants from the north; in contrast, the social organization of the many remnant Guan communities and the closely related Gonja is based on patrilineal descent.
		Akan society is based on hierarchies of federations matrilineages, rather than on a loose collection of semi-independent patrilineages which characterised the earlier Guan societies.
		The Akan comprise approximately two fifths of the total population of Ghana (1960 Census of Ghana) and are also found in the Ivory Coast and Togo.
	www.scn.org /rdi/kw-40.htm (2755 words)

	Akan people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Akan people are an ethnic group of West Africa.
		They are known for their gold weights, which were made using the "lost wax" method of casting.
		Branches of the Akan include the Abron and the Afutu.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Akan_(ethnic_group) (159 words)

	Akan Lineage Organization
		The Akan are best known for their colorful kingdoms, which are located throughout the forest zones of southern Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire.
		The Akan have a multitiered segmentary structure consisting of matrilineal clans, major matrilineages, and minor lineage segments.
		Matrilineal inheritance and succession among the Akan is usually formulated in terms of the transfer of property and status from mother's brothers to sister's sons.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/anthropology/tutor/case_studies/akan/lineage.html (1900 words)

	Akan Ethnic Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Historical accounts suggest that Akan groups migrated from the north to occupy the forest and coastal areas of the south as early as the thirteenth century.
		The development of the Asante Empire, for example, was largely at the expense of the independence of the surrounding Akan, who were quick to reassert their autonomy, especially after 1896, when Asante was defeated and its king, the asantehen (king of Asante), was exiled to the Seychelles by the British.
		A goldweight in one scale pan balances gold dust in the other, while the owner suspends the thread loop in the center of the balance beam over the ball of his extended left thumb as that hand is held out, palm and fingers up, so that he cannot influence the balancing of the scales (Garrard:173).
	www.atidekate.com /Ashanti/Akan.html (4694 words)

	Tigers coach Akan leaves
		Akan was appointed coach of the side last year and had been in charge for four months before he resigned.
		Club chairman Kelly Asser denied the allegations, saying that Akan had received all the necessary support from the executive committee, but was not favoured by the supporters and some players because of his behaviour off the field.
		Akan claimed that he had only been paid for two months of service as head coach, and that he had not received a salary for seven months.
	www.namibian.com.na /2006/February/sport/067B1AA78.html (756 words)

	Akan
		Akan is the name of a language spoken in many dialects by related groups of people living in the south-central forest zone and coastal areas of Ghana and in southeastern Ivory Coast.'); Activate();" onMouseout="deActivate()">
		Akan is the name of a language spoken in many dialects by related groups of people living in the south-central forest zone and coastal areas of Ghana and in southeastern Ivory Coast.
		Akan gold, exchanged for salt, textiles, leather, weapons, brass ingots, and manufactured brass wares, was taken north by trans-Saharan camel caravan, and before the advent of the Portuguese on the Gold Coast in 1472, supplied much of the European demand for gold.
	www.ethnographica.com /pages/Akan8.php?project_id=8 (2101 words)

	A. Osman Akan, CEE, ODU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Akan, A.O., and Yen, B.C., "A Non-linear Diffusion-Wave Model for Unsteady Open Channel Flow," Proceedings of the 17th IAHR Congress, Vol.
		Akan, A.O., and Yen, B.C., "Effect of Time-Distribution of Rainfall on Overland Runoff," Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, Vol.
		Akan, A.O., and Yen, B.C., "Groundwater Recharge from Overland Flow," Proceedings of the 21 st IAHR Congress, Vol.
	www.cee.odu.edu /cee/faculty/akan/akan.html (2315 words)

	Akan Metal Casting Symbols - Akan Cultural Symbols Project
		Warren (1975) hypothesizes that Bron, as the first and northernmost Akan centralized state, must have passed on some of these technological developments to some of the latter-day Akan states (e.g., Asante) that came after Bron.
		The casting of brass, silver, copper, and gold appears to have been regarded among the Akan as an ocupation entirely distinct from that of the flsmith.
		These weights were not only valued aesthetically, but they were also valued as the depository for certain aspects of the Akan knowledge systems as they served as visual markers for recalling among other things proverbs, historical events, or everyday expressions.
	www.marshall.edu /akanart/abrammoo.html (666 words)

	PROVERB SPEAKING AS A CREATIVE PROCESS: THE AKAN OF GHANA
		Formulae introducing the Akan proverb, during performance, are of two major types: one that highlights the creative source of the proverb--the source formula, and one that emphasizes the proverb as conventional knowledge, or eternal verity--the factivity formula.
		In the Akan case, the interrogatives are derived from indicative forms that exist in the proverb repertoire.
		Also common in Akan proverb performance is the interspersing of proverbs with emphatic markers which in various degrees topicalize or bring into sharp focus, aspects of the proverb that the speaker wishes to foreground at that point in time.
	www.deproverbio.com /DPjournal/DP,6,2,00/YANKAH/AKAN.html (4822 words)

	Akan Case Study, Lecture Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In Akan society the nuclear family is not the building block: there is no word; no practice.
		They will break and then each head back to his or her matrilineal house (where the ancestral stools are kept) to "confer with the ancestors." It turns out that they are conferring with the older women in the matrilineage.
		Their support for the ideal of a nuclear family implied that women should be obedient to their husbands, stay at home to do domestic chores and raise their children while their husbands went out to work, and to abolish chieftaincy, matrilineages, ancestors, gods and the institutions which supported these ancient notions.
	www.bartle.disted.camosun.bc.ca /soc-akan.htm (1490 words)

	An African Theology: [Onyame], [abosom], and [ak]mfo]] in the Akan Belief System - Assata Speaks - Hands Off Assata - ...
		He rejected the dissemination of Islamic and Christian ideas into Akan society as an explanation of the complexity of their religion and the dissimilarity of their theology from fetishism and its brethren.14 He was unable, however, to take that final step and accept Onyame as the Akan equivalent for God.
		Akan society became preoccupied with punishing and killing social deviance, which was, in fact, antithetical to the very nature of Ta Kora and his priesthood, and essentially, the nature of ‘]bosom’ in early Akan theology.
		In general, the Akan are now distanced from the texts of earlier Akan theology and are, therefore, unaware of how their ancestors actually conceptualized belief prior to the political and social unrest that gave rise to abrafo] abosom and witch-catching cults.
	www.assatashakur.org /forum/showthread.php?t=6479 (5600 words)

	Akan People
		From the Adae to the Odiwira to the Homowo to the Damba to the Yam festival, Ghana is a land of rituals, shrines and festivals.
		Of significance in the Akan culture is the symbolic representation of the “Stool.” In general, the stool symbolizes the “soul of the nation.” It is believed that the stool is a representative (repository) of the Ancestors.
		The Akan people have lived and ruled their land for thousands of years before they experienced the consecutive disruptions by Arab, Portuguese, Dutch, and British invasion and domination.
	www.ushaka.com /akanpeople2.html (415 words)

	AKAN Spirituality
		In 1971, the late Nana Dinizulu requested, received and established the Akonedi Shrine in the U.S.A. Nana Dinizulu was given the titles of Omanhene and Okomfohene of Akans in America, as he was the first to introduce Africans born in America (African Americans) to the Deities of Ghana, West Africa.
		Akans believe that God is the supreme, uncreated, self-existent being in whom all things end up, upon whom all things are dependent.
		The traditional Akan community often have special events to commemorate Akwasidae such as Akoms which is a traditional worship service with drumming, singing and dancing the ancient songs and rhythms of our ancestors.
	www.afsani.org /spirituality.htm (1312 words)

	Akan People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Much of what we know about ancient Akan customs comes to us in the form of oral histories which have survived for several hundred years.
		The rise of the early Akan centralized states can be traced to the 13th century, and is likely related to the opening of trade routes established to move gold throughout the region.
		It was not until the end of the 17th century, however, that the grand Asante Kingdom emerged in the central forest region of Ghana, when several small states united under the Chief of Kumasi in a move to achieve political freedom from the Denkyira.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Akan.html (167 words)

	MFA Boston: Exhibition: West African Gold: Akan Regalia from the Glassell Collection
		The Akan peoples, one of the largest ethnic groups in Ghana and Ivory Coast, are culturally similar and speak closely related languages.
		The most famous Akan state is the ancient Asante kingdom, which flourishes to this day under the leadership of the current Asantehene, His Majesty Otumfuo Osei Tutu II.
		Because Akan cultures convey ancestral wisdom verbally, the motifs in their works often allude to proverbs, as for example the backward-looking sankofa bird.
	www.mfa.org /exhibitions/sub.asp?key=15&subkey=1492 (215 words)

	Reflections on the Presence and Praxis of the Akan Calendrical System of West Africa - Assata Speaks - Hands Off Assata ...
		Thus, the implications for the use of the Akan calendrical system in the African world exist in the fact that Africans from or who have an affinity to the Akan expression of African culture are found in places such as West Africa, Jamaica, Suriname, Guyana, Antigua, and parts of the United States.
		The precise occurrence of the Akan ‘new year’ is determined by the agricultural cycle and the indigenous ]man (nation) in its consultation with the state abosomfo] (senior indigenous healer/spiritualist) and ak]mfo] (junior indigenous healer/spiritualist).
		The Akan do exist in the temporal and spiritual and effect and are affected by the cyclicality of both dimensions of reality, regardless of whether or not they have a concept for demarcating a very large unit of time and space.
	www.assatashakur.org /forum/showthread.php?t=6480 (6726 words)

	Learn Akan : Language Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		By migrating to an inclusive Akan orthography, the cost of communication is greatly reduced.
		The philosophy behind this updated orthography is that written Akan should be easier than spoken Akan but be sufficiently encompassing to allow the writer to capture a particular shade of meaning without undue exertion.
		Akan is the group name given to cover a number of dialects of the peoples of eastern Ivory Coast, south-central Ghana, and central Togo.
	kasa.ghanathink.org /akan/lg/languageGuide.htm (2457 words)

	ALI Akan 2
		The aim of ALI Akan 2 is to explore the potential acquired through Basic Ali Akan for further study in various areas of interest.
		Akan language update: Initial time on this track will be used for "revitalizing" Ali Akan 1 and consolidating what was touched upon in the first cycle.
		While this track is partially designed as a help for accessing and analyzing Akan texts via their surface characteristics and intricacies, it has also something to offer to students primarily interested in current issues of Akan linguistics, and by extension, of African linguistics in general.
	www.iuo.it /relaz_int/progetti/aliakan/ali_akan_2.htm (511 words)

	NOVICA - Masks - Masks of Ghana - Akan Tribe
		Among the Akan people of Ghana, this mask is believed to scare away the spirits of calamity.
		Replete in Akan stylizations, this mask is reserved for those of royal lineage.
		During festivals in which Akan women compete in beauty contests, masks like this one are awarded to the prettiest girl in the village....
	www.novica.com /art/masks/masks-of-ghana-akan-tribe/index.cfm?c=636&l=4&si=1 (5755 words)

	Akan Gold Weights
		Past studies of the Akan gold weights have tended to focus on the history and the functions of these objects as counterbalances in the gold trade or as visual representations of rich Akan oral tradition.
		The implication for this historical fact is that the Akan economy had been monetized long before the Europeans arrived on the west coast of Africa.
		The gold weights may be divided into four broad categories on the basis of their appearance: figurines that portray various human forms and human activities; fauna and floral patterns of the country; those that depict human made objects; and those of geometric, abstract, or purely ornamental designs.
	www.africawithin.com /akan/akan_goldweights.htm (826 words)

	Death and Funeral Rites in Contemporary Akan Society: An Appropriate Christian Response
		Among Akans it is a norm for dead bodies to be kept in the mortuary for weeks or months until relatives are adequately organized to give a fitting burial ceremony to the departed soul.
		The responsibility for the funeral of a deceased Akan who is also a member of the church naturally and legally belongs to the bereaved family or relatives.
		The Akans have an elaborate burial ceremony because it is thought that the condition of the deceased in the other world is determined in part by the treatment he receives from his family and friends.
	www.missiology.org /folkreligion/articleankrah.htm (1344 words)

	The Culture of Ghana - Akan History and Asanti People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Akan, a "pure" heritage, is one of the most ancient cultures in Africa.
		Before the 13th century, the Akan peoples (ancestors of the Asante Tribe) migrated from other parts of Africa into the forest belt of present-day Ghana.
		Much of what is known about ancient Akan customs was passed on in oral histories, which have survived for several hundred years.
	www.globalvolunteers.org /1main/ghana/ghanaculture.htm (525 words)

	Akan Political Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Akan political order provides a classic example of a chiefdom or segmentary state.
		The best known of the Akan polities was Ashanti, which in spite of its wealth and power reflects a persistent decentralized structure in which regions and localities retain substantial autonomy and a potential for internal conflict and fragmentation.
		The Akan believe in the immortality of the soul and in the intervention of the dead in the lives of their descendants.
	www.umanitoba.ca /anthropology/tutor/case_studies/akan/politics.html (529 words)

	African Lanugages - Akan,
		The Akan (Twi, Twi-Fante) dialect cluster belongs to the Central subgroup of the (Volta-) Comoe group, which falls within the New Kwa (Greenberg's Western Kwa) branch of Niger-Congo.
		Akan has five main dialects, generally considered mutually intelligible.
		Akan radio broadcasts are also heard in Ghana.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/language2.htm (613 words)

	Ghana The Akan Group - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		The typical political unit was the small state under the headship of an elder from one of the seven or eight clans (see Glossary) that composed Akan society.
		The primary form of Akan social organization is the family or the abusu--the basic unit in a society based on matriclans (see Glossary).
		Each lineage controlled the land farmed by its members, functioned as a religious unit in the veneration of its ancestors, supervised marriages, and settled internal disputes among its members (see Traditional Religion, this ch.).
	www.photius.com /countries/ghana/society/ghana_society_the_akan_group.html (962 words)

	Akan, Hokkaido, Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Distant view of Akan, a group of stratovolcanoes, that lies within a shallow depression.
		Me-Akan, the active vent, is the steaming volcano on the left.
		Akan is a National Park and a center for preserving Hokkaido's native Ainu culture.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/akan.html (197 words)

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