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Topic: Akathisia

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	Akathisia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Akathisia (or "acathisia") is an often extremely unpleasant subjective sensation of "inner" restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless, hence the origin of its name: Greek a (without) + kathesis (sitting).
		Akathisia may range in intensity from a mild sense of disquiet or anxiety (which may be easily overlooked) to a total inability to sit still with overwhelming anxiety and severe dysphoria (manifesting as an almost indescribable sense of terror and doom).
		Furthermore, many clinical definitions of akathisia, as studied by psychiatrists and psychologists, may downplay the true psychological gravity of this symptom and simply refer to its psychological effects as "a subjective inner restlessness".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Akathisia (488 words)

	bmj.com Rapid Responses for Akagi and Kumar, 324 (7352) 1506-1507
		Because acute drug-induced akathisia is common, disturbing to patients and potentially disruptive to care, we sought to discover an effective method of prevention.
		The Prevalence of akathisia is 21% (Ayd 1961) and 32% (Kennedy et al, 1971) depending on the drug potency, dose and rate of increment.
		Akathisia is often seen only as a motor reaction (a movement disorder) to psychotropic drugs, rather than as a psychomotor phenomenon.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/eletters/324/7352/1506 (868 words)

	Akathisia
		Akathisia is a common and unpleasant side effect of many psychotropic medications.
		The word akathisia comes from the Greek meaning literally “not to sit’ and was initially used by Haskovec in 1902 to refer to restless patients with hysteria and neurasthenia.
		Akathisia is a relatively common side effect of antipsychotic medication, although other drugs including antidepressants, metoclopramide, some calcium channel blockers, dopamine agonists, amphetamine and buspirone have all been shown to cause it.
	www.psyweb.com /Glossary/aka.jsp (174 words)

	Akathisia
		Akathisia is a common neuroleptic-induced movement disorder; some examples are neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism, neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia.
		Tardive akathisia is akathisia that has a delayed onset, usually about three months, and is not related to a change in dosage or medication.
		Akathisia is a relatively common, disturbing side effect of neuroleptic agents.
	www.seroquel.com /prof_asp/resources/newsletter/nl_08.asp?flash=0 (1127 words)

	Anticholinergics for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia
		Akathisia is a common and distressing adverse effect of antipsychotic drugs and is characterised by restlessness and mental unease, both of which can be intense.
		Akathisia is associated with patterns of restless movement, including rocking, walking on the spot when standing, shuffling and tramping, or swinging one leg on the other when sitting.
		Akathisia is a distressing movement disorder that remains highly prevalent in people with schizophrenia, both in the developed and developing world.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab003727.html (463 words)

	Lesson of the week: Akathisia: overlooked at a cost -- Akagi and Kumar 324 (7352): 1506 -- BMJ
		Akathisia (Greek "not to sit") is an extrapyramidal movement disorder consisting of difficulty in staying still and a subjective
		Akathisia was diagnosed as the cause of her behavioural
		Akathisia due to the higher dose of fluoxetine was diagnosed.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/324/7352/1506 (1221 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 46, Movement Disorders
		Tardive dyskinesia and akathisia are common among elderly nursing home residents, usually those who have dementia and have been given antipsychotic drugs to treat behavioral and psychologic symptoms.
		Tardive dyskinesia and tardive akathisia differ from movement disorders that result from short-term use of antipsychotics (eg, dystonias).
		Tardive akathisia is frequently misdiagnosed as agitation, which often leads physicians to increase the dose of the causative drug.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec6/ch46/ch46h.jsp (405 words)

	tips1001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The word akathisia comes from the Greek meaning literally “not to sit’ and was initially used by Haskovec in 19021 to refer to restless patients with hysteria and neurasthenia.
		The underlying cause of akathisia is still far from clear.4 There appears to be dopamine receptor blockade in the mesocortical dopamine system.
		There have been a number of subtypes of akathisia proposed, although a lack of consensus in the use of the terms is evident.
	www.smj.org.uk /1001/aka1001.htm (931 words)

	Lorazepam in the Treatment of Lithium-Induced Akathisia - Veterans Affairs Canada
		The mechanism of lithium-induced akathisia is not known.
		Lorazepam has been reported to be an effective medication in reducing akathisia, extrapyramidal symptoms, and agitated states.10-12 It seems to exert this effect through its GABA-ergic facilitation, thus counterbalancing noradrenergic overactivity,11 which may be the underlying mechanism in akathisia.
		While awaiting a definite answer to the mechanism of lithium-induced akathisia, we wish to alert the treating physicians to akathisia as a possible side effect of lithium and to its possible treatment with lorazepam.
	www.vac-acc.gc.ca /clients/sub.cfm?source=steannes/pub_research/bgroulx_13 (633 words)

	Sudden Akathisia After a Ziprasidone Dose Reduction -- ORAL et al. 163 (3): 546 -- American Journal of Psychiatry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Decreasing her ziprasidone dose to 120 mg/day was followed by abrupt akathisia, with a Barnes rating scale score of 9.
		Her ziprasidone dose was reduced to 120 mg/day from 160 mg/day, which was also followed by sudden akathisia with a Barnes rating scale score of 14 that responded only to clonazepam, 6 mg/day.
		Her akathisia disappeared totally after treatment with 40 mg/day of propranolol, 4 mg/day of biperiden, and 2 mg/day of alprazolam.
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/163/3/546 (514 words)

	Akathisia - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Akathisia can occur for no apparent reason or may be induced by certain drugs.
		Detailed information about the causes of Akathisia including medication causes and drug interaction causes can be found in our causes pages.
		With a diagnosis of Akathisia, it is also important to consider whether there is an underlying condition causing Akathisia.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /a/akathisia/intro.htm (308 words)

	SSRIs: are they as safe as promised? part 2 Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Akathisia can be defined as a need to move about.
		Akathisia is related to a breakdown in the ability to control impulses.
		The drugs' effect on VTA dopaminergic cell activity "might be relevant for their therapeutic action and may explain the origin of the reported cases of akathisia," say the authors.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0ISW/is_250/ai_n6112460 (885 words)

	Akathisia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Akathisia is a feeling of "inner restlessness", a constant urge to be moving.
		I experienced akathisia in late 2002, and I would not wish the experience on anyone, it was several months of pure hell -- and it felt, subjectively, more like a decade.
		If the akathisia is caused by a medication (eg an anti-psychotic), the dose of the medication is reduced, or a different medication chosen.
	www.logarithmic.net /pfh/akathisia (246 words)

	BARNES AKATHISIA SCALE
		Observation of characteristic movements of akathisia in the absence of a subjective report of inner restlessness or compulsive desire to move the legs should be classified as pseudoakathisia.
		Fidgety movements present, but characteristic restless movements of akathisia not necessarily observed.
		Awareness of restlessness as described for mild akathisia above, combined with characteristic restless movements such as rocking from foot to foot when standing.
	www.medafile.com /zyweb/Barnes.htm (279 words)

	Akathisia
		Akathisia is an often miserable side-effect of various anti-psychotic medications.
		The role of mirtazapine in the treatment of akathisia induced by atypical antipsychotic agents merits further investigation.
		A reduction of at least 2 points on the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale global subscale was noted in the vitamin B6 group (13/23, 56%) as well as in the mianserin groups (13/20, 65%), and in only one patient in the placebo group (1/17, 6%; P < 0.0005).
	www.modern-psychiatry.com /akathisia.htm (1491 words)

	Clinical Trial: Akathisia (Restless Legs Syndrome) in People With Schizophrenia and Mental Retardation
		Akathisia is a movement disorder that is often a side effect of certain psychiatric drugs.
		Akathisia is a relatively common side effect of neuroleptic medication that occurs within 1 week to 6 months after the initiation of medication.
		Akathisia is characterized by a variety of movement manifestations, such as fidgeting, irritability, inability to sit or stand still, marching in place, continuous trunk motions, sleeplessness, and a subjective sense of restlessness.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00065286 (720 words)

	SSRIs, Violence & Suicide: What You Should Know
		Akathisia is a restless agitation ranging from jitteriness to a sensation described by "jumping out of one’s skin." Some researchers and physicians believe that akathisia is the principal trigger for impulsive violence in some people taking SSRIs.
		The akathisia issue first arose a couple years after Prozac went on the market, amidst media reports about grisly acts of murder and suicide.
		Lane also warned that akathisia can sometimes be mistaken for worsening depression, prompting some doctors to increase the dosage - and the danger.
	www.ssri-suicide.com /akathisia.html (543 words)

	Akathisia and Restless Legs - Cambridge University Press
		This book reviews current knowledge of akathisia and related syndromes, including Restless Legs Syndrome, other forms of motor restlessness and neuroleptic-induced dysphoria and is a comprehensive account of these important, but insufficiently researched, syndromes.
		Strategies for the measurement of akathisia are discussed, as are treatment approaches and a fascinating appendix contains a translation of Hashovec's account of the first cases in the literature.
		As the first extended review of scientific and clinical aspects of akathisia and restlessness, this book will be much valued by psychiatrists, neurologists and other physicians seeking a better understanding of these disabling syndromes.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521444268&print=y (270 words)

	cp11_contents
		Akathisia is probably the most distressing of the EPS.
		Some authors base their definition of akathisia on subjective experience (a ‘sensation of restlessness’), and this leads to high incidence rates.
		Akathisia is probably the most distressing of the EPS and therefore impacts greatly on compliance
	www.in-practice.com /cp11_akathisia.html (607 words)

	SSRIs - Useful information about Akathisia
		Tardive akathisia is generally taken to mean akathisia of delayed onset (usually three months), not related to a recent change in drug or dose.10,11 It has been found to be significantly associated with tardive dyskinesia3 and some have proposed it to be a variant where the trunk and limbs are most affected.
		Akathisia is to violence what a match is to gasoline.
		As akathisia is a common side effect of neuroleptic medications, information regarding subjective response to akathisia exists primarily, although not exclusively, in the literature on schizophrenia.
	www.uncommonforum.com /viewtopic.php?t=7260 (1889 words)

	Akathisia definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Akathisia: A movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and a compelling need to be in constant motion as well as by actions such as rocking while standing or sitting, lifting the feet as if marching on the spot and crossing and uncrossing the legs while sitting.
		People with akathisia are unable to sit or keep still, complain of restlessness, fidget, rock from foot to foot, and pace.
		Akathisia is often a side effect of certain drugs.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=33264 (254 words)

	AKATHISIA
		The thing is that many different terms may credibly (or not) describe what happens to patients, without using the word "akathisia" at all.
		The situation is also complicated because the more traditional and obvious signs of akathisia (the characteristic inability to sit down) may mask the more subtle (psychic) ones - and sometimes vice versa.
		Akathisia seems more and more likely to be a serious problem, needing urgently to be addressed.
	www.socialaudit.org.uk /5111-001.htm (1849 words)

	Antidepressants Facts: Akathisia & Mania SSRI's, SSNRI's
		Acquaintance with this symptom of akathisia, which often persists for a considerable time after the drug has been withdrawn, is important because it is sometimes mistaken for an agitated depression and wrongly treated.
		Zoloft/Lustral-Induced Akathisia and Dystonia Misinterpreted as a Panic Attack
		Akathisia due to the higher dose of fluoxetine -scroll to case 3
	www.antidepressantsfacts.com /akathisia-mania.htm (869 words)

	Zoloft Suicide Lawsuits - Zoloft Side Effects: Akathisia and Suicide
		Akathisia is also another severe potential side effect that occurs in 3-5% of its users and many doctors believe may lead to suicidal behavior.
		Roger Lane, one of Pfizer's own scientists, postulated in a 1998 report that the suicidality caused by SSRI-Induced akathisia may not be so much a function of specific suicide fantasies, but could rather be a reaction to the sheer intolerableness of akathisia making "death a welcome result".
		Often the person experiencing akathisia is not fully aware of the condition and his or her condition can be more easily recognized by a second party.
	www.zoloft-suicide-side-effects.com /pgs/zoloft-side-effects.html (1034 words)

	Serotonin-based pharmacotherapy for acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia: a new approach to an old problem -- POYUROVSKY ...
		Parkinsonian-related subtype of akathisia (Barnes and McPhillips, 1999).
		Poyurovsky, M. and Weizman, A. Serotonergic agents in the treatment of acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia: open-label study of buspirone and mianserin.
		Poyurovsky, M. and Weizman, A. Lack of efficacy of the 5-HT receptor antagonist granisetron in the treatment of acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia.
	bjp.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/full/179/1/4 (2392 words)

	eMJA: Mirtazapine-induced akathisia
		To the Editor: Akathisia is a clinical syndrome that manifests as the subjective sense of unease or restlessness, or observable motor manifestations such as shuffling or tramping movements of the legs and feet, or both.
		Mirtazapine therapy was continued, and the patient's depression improved significantly over the next few days, and the akathisia gradually resolved with regular use of clonazepam.
		The patient's akathisia settled when the mirtazapine was reduced to 15 mg at night.
	www.antidepressantsfacts.com /remeron-akathisia.htm (565 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia and Akathisia, Movement Disorders, THE MERCK MANUAL OF HEALTH & AGING
		Tardive dyskinesia and akathisia are often caused by antipsychotic drugs or related drugs.
		People with akathisia feel restless and anxious when they are not moving.
		If the drug that may be causing tardive dyskinesia or akathisia cannot be discontinued, certain other drugs may help.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual_ha/sec3/ch30/ch30d.html (257 words)

	Benzodiazepines for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia
		Akathisia is a common and distressing adverse effect of many antipsychotic drugs.
		Several strategies have been used to decrease akathisia, and this review is one in a series over viewing the effects of drug treatments.
		Neuroleptic-induced akathisia is one of the most common and distressing early-onset adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs, being associated with poor compliance with treatment, and thus, ultimately, to an increase risk of relapse.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab001950.html (517 words)

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