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	Iran Focus-Iran elections candidates: Ayatollah Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Iran (General) - News
		For over two decades, Ali-Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani has been one of the two most powerful men within Iran’s ruling hierarchy, first as Ayatollah Khomeini’s most trusted confidant until his death in 1989, and later as the junior partner in the Khamenei-Rafsanjani duo that has been at the apex of the Islamic Republic since then.
		The criminal court of Berlin issued an international warrant for Rafsanjani’s arrest after he was found to be a key member of a four-man committee that made the decisions for assassination of Iranian dissidents abroad.
		Rafsanjani’s status as one of the most despised figures in the clerical regime came under limelight in the year 2000, when he stood for parliamentary elections in Tehran and came in last at the thirtieth slot.
	www.iranfocus.com /modules/news/article.php?storyid=2402 (824 words)

	Historic Personalities of Iran: Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
		Rafsanjani began his political activism in the 1960s and 1970s when he was part of the Islamic student movement opposed to the Western-backed regime of the Shah.
		Rafsanjani is a relatively moderate Iranian cleric who served two terms as president of the Islamic Republic of Iran, from August 17, 1989 to 1997.
		In 2002, Rafsanjani was appointed and currently is the Chairman of the Expediency Council that arbitrates and resolves legislative disputes and issues between the Parliament (Majlis) and the Council of Guardians and advises the supreme leader on matters of national policy.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/arafsanjani/akbar_rafsanjani.php (479 words)

	Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Definition, explanation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Akbar Hashemi Bahramani (Persian: اکبر هاشمی بهرمانی;), also known as Hashemi Rafsanjani (هاشمی رفسنجانی), born August 25, 1934, is one of the most influential Iranian politicians, the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council of Iran, and a leading candidate in the 2005 Iranian presidential election.
		Hashemi Rafsanjani is currently the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council, that resolves legislative issues between the Parliament and the Council of Guardians and advises the supreme leader on matters of national policy.
		Rafsanjani was President of Iran from August 17, 1989 to 1997, and as of 2005, the only president of Iran who has stepped down willingly: Abolhassan Banisadr was successfully impeached, Mohammad Ali Rajai was assassinated, Ali Khamenei was promoted to Supreme Leader, and Mohammad Khatami is still serving.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/ak/akbar_hashemi_rafsanjani.php (530 words)

	Rafsanjani seeks to lead Iran again - The Boston Globe
		TEHRAN -- Iranian powerbroker Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who favors improved ties with the West, yesterday finally plunged into the presidential election race that opinion polls suggest he is favorite to win.
		Rafsanjani, 70, is favored in opinion polls to win the election to replace outgoing reformist cleric Mohammad Khatami, who is barred from seeking a third consecutive term.
		Rafsanjani had dithered for several weeks over whether to stand for the job he held from 1989 to 1997.
	www.boston.com /news/world/middleeast/articles/2005/05/11/rafsanjani_seeks_to_lead_iran_again (420 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Shadowy Rafsanjani
		When the godfather of Iranian politics, former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, announced he would join the race for parliament, he unleashed a new set of political uncertainties about the outcome of the election, the fate of the reformist coalition, as well as his own political legacy.
		Whether Rafsanjani's return was his own inclination, or as many say Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei pushed him to run, the former president is taking the biggest risk of his political career, opening himself up to attack and facing the possibility of an electoral flop.
		Rafsanjani has been remarkably dismissive of the young -- he seems as deaf to their demands and presence as they are to the supposed benefits of his deal-making.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/469/re7.htm (1134 words)

	Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Summary
		Akbar Hashemi was born in 1934 as the second of nine children of Ali Hashemi, a modest farmer and local clergyman in the remote Kermanian town of Rafsanjan--thus the family name, Rafsanjani.
		Rafsanjani served as President of Iran from August 17, 1989 to 1997, and was the first president of Iran to step down officially after finishing his period: of his predecessors, Abolhassan Banisadr was successfully impeached, Mohammad Ali Rajai was assassinated, and Ali Khamenei was promoted to Supreme Leader.
		Rafsanjani is currently the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council that resolves legislative issues between the Parliament and the Council of Guardians; in addition, he advises the supreme leader on matters of national policy.
	www.bookrags.com /Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani (1993 words)

	Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - WikIran (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی) is an influential Iranian politician and is currently serving as the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council of Iran.
		Rafsanjani was a founding member of the Islamic Republic Party, established soon after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.
		Many consider Rafsanjani to be the richest man in Iran due to his deep involvement in various Iranian industries, including the oil industry, as well as his ownership of many properties throughout the country.
	www.wikiran.org /wiki/Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani (964 words)

	USATODAY.com - Iran looks, again, to 'experienced captain' (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, 70, was Iran's president from 1989 to 1997.
		Rafsanjani "is an experienced captain at a time of turbulence in the sea," says Nasser Hadian, a professor of political science at Tehran University.
		Rafsanjani was also president in 1994, when Iranian agents blew up a Jewish cultural center in Buenos Aires, Argentina, killing more than 80 people, and in 1996, when Iranian-backed Saudi Shiite terrorists blew up the Khobar Towers housing complex in Saudi Arabia, killing 19 American airmen.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-02-06-rafsanjani-interview_x.htm (1223 words)

	The Standard - Rafsanjani may run again - Focus Section
		Famed for his political cunning and Cheshire cat grin, Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani is on the verge of a political comeback.
		Rafsanjani, who dominated Iranian politics for 16 years and tried to improve relations with the United States through a secret arms deal and a lucrative oil development offer, is now the leading candidate to become Iran's next president, Iranian politicians and analysts said.
		But Rafsanjani was succeeded by a new bloc of reformers led by President Mohammad Khatami, a dark horse whose landslide victory in 1997 transformed Iranian politics.
	www.thestandard.com.hk /stdn/std/Focus/FK17Dh02.html (1095 words)

	Rafsanjani: U.N. sanctions will backfire - Boston.com
		Former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani warned Western countries Sunday that their strategy of pressuring Iran to roll back its nuclear program by imposing sanctions will backfire.
		Rafsanjani, who heads the influential Expediency Council, also said that Iran was willing to work with international organizations to resolve the standoff over its nuclear program.
		Rafsanjani did not give conditions for negotiating, but Western countries have required Iran to suspend enriching uranium as a requirement for holding talks -- a condition Iran has rejected.
	www.boston.com /news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/31/rafsanjani_un_sanctions_will_backfire (420 words)

	News: Iran: Earthquake - May 1997, Another quake hits Ardebil, Neer
		president rafsanjani arrived in turkmenistan sunday on an official visit from dushanbe, tajikistan, to attend the summit meeting of the economic cooperation organization (eco) scheduled to open tuesday.
		a condolence message to this effect was sent last night to the iranian president, akbar hashemi rafsanjani, by the indian prime minister, i.k.
		abu dhabi, may 12, irna -- the bahraini amir sheikh isa bin sulman al-khalifa in a message from manama on sunday to the iranian president hojjatoleslam akbar hashemi rafsanjani, expressed condolence on the unfortunate natural catastrophe of the earthquake which hit qaen and birjand in the northeastern iranian province of khorasan on saturday.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/OCHA-64BRU7?OpenDocument (2273 words)

	Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - dKosopedia
		Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی Hashemi Bahramani هاشمی بهرمانی is the former President of Iran and now the chair of the Expediency Council.
		Rafsanjani was President of Iran from 1989 until 1997.
		Rafsanjani lost the 2005 presidential election on the second ballot to Tehran Mayor Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
	www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani (134 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| Profile: Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani
		Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani, who could win the presidency for a third term in a run-off election on 24 June, has been a dominant figure in Iranian politics since the 1980s.
		As president, Mr Rafsanjani sought to encourage a rapprochement with the West and re-establish Iran as a regional power.
		His younger daughter, Faezeh Hashemi, is a women's right activist whose journal Zan (Woman) was closed down by hardliners in 1997.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/3034480.stm (521 words)

	The Online NewsHour: Governing Iran \| Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani \| PBS
		Rafsanjani, the second of nine children, was born in 1934 to a wealthy pistachio-growing family in the town of Rafsanjan, which later became the family's surname.
		Rafsanjani was elected president in 1989 after the death of Khamenei with 95 percent of the vote.
		Currently, Rafsanjani serves as chairman of the Expediency Council, which arbitrates disputes between the Majlis, Iran's parliament, and the Guardian Council, which is the highest court in Iran.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/indepth_coverage/middle_east/iran/leader_rafsanjani.html (829 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Politics, Rafsanjani on the defensive, Mehdi Ardalan
		In a uniquely Iranian case of leadership accountability, former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani is showing signs of fear and frustration with challenges to his credentials for speakership of the Iran's next Majlis.
		"Rafsanjani must be held accountable for two important matters: the continuation of war (Iran-Iraq) war after the liberation of Khoramshahr (1982) which resulted in the martyrdom of thousands of people, left many disabled and caused billions of dollars worth of damages; second the murder of critics and dissidents during his administration", asserted Ganji.
		Beyond election politics, Rafsanjani's concern for a process that can lead into questioning "the very principle of the revolution itself" is shared even by many of his pro-reform adversaries who are equally dedicated to the system and are equally fearful of probing questions into their past performances whilst in power.
	www.iranian.com /Opinion/2000/January/Rafsanjani (1267 words)

	Rafsanjani allies seek vote unity - Breaking News - World - Breaking News
		Iranian reformists are urging their supporters to snap out of their dejection and rally behind cleric Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani to prevent his surprise hardline challenger Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from winning a presidential run-off next Friday.
		Rafsanjani and Ahmadinejad, with about a fifth of the vote each, just pulled clear of their five rivals in a poll damned by Washington as a travesty of the democracy Iranians yearned for.
		Though Rafsanjani does not challenge clerical rule, he is seen as a counterweight to the hardline anti-Western elite and has called for a "new chapter" in Iran-US relations.
	www.theage.com.au /news/World/Rafsanjani-allies-seek-vote-unity/2005/06/20/1119119749527.html (584 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Middle East News - Iran's crocodile rocked
		It was heavily symbolic that moderate Rafsanjani and another former president, the progressive, sartorially impeccable Mohammad "dialogue of civilizations" Khatami, voted together in the Jamaran mosque, where the late ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic, used to deliver his speeches.
		Rafsanjani's victory was sweeter because he had lost to Ahmadinejad in the second round of the 2005 presidential elections.
		They view the Rafsanjani camp as a bunch of filthy rich, morally and legally corrupt decadents, totally oblivious to the concerns of "ordinary people", whose self-styled key symbol happens to be Ahmadinejad.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/HL19Ak03.html (785 words)

	NewsFromRussia.Com Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani will stand for president again
		Rafsanjani, aged 70 years, is seen as a pragmatic conservative, more open to improved ties with the West and in favour of liberalising the state-dominated economy.
		Rafsanjani has played a central role throughout the Islamic regime's 26-year history and is widely seen as the second-most powerful person in the country, next to the Ayatollah.
		Rafsanjani, aged 70 years, is seen as a pragmatic conservative, more open to improved ties with the West and in favour of liberalising the state-dominated economy More details...
	newsfromrussia.com /world/2005/05/11/59681.html (1643 words)

	PEN American Center - Akbar Gangi
		He is also the author of the best-selling book Dungeon of Ghosts, a collection of Ganji's newspaper articles published in early 2000, in which he implicated the former president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and other leading conservative figures in the "serial murders" of five writers and intellectuals in 1998.
		The book is said to have seriously damaged the reputation of Rafsanjani, and is thought to have been a major factor in the conservative defeat in the parliamentary elections of February 2000.
		Akbar Ganji is also an Honorary Member of the Canadian, English and Lichtenstein PEN Centers.
	www.pen.org /freedom/hm/ganji.htm (557 words)

	Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is widely believed the Rafsanjani moved closer to the conservative camp in Iran since the election of the current reformist President, Mohamed Khatami.
		Rafsanjani — president from 1989 to 1997 — is currently deputy chairman of the Assembly of Experts, which appoints Iran’s supreme leader, the highest political and religious authority in the country.
		Rafsanjani is also one of the most trusted advisers of supreme leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, founder of the Islamic republic of Iran.
	www.aljazeera.com /cgi-bin/review/people_full_story.asp?service_id=8129 (526 words)

	Inquiry and Analysis Series - No. 128
		During Friday sermons in Tehran, speaking to thousands of worshippers, Rafsanjani said: "The U.S. presence in the Middle East is worse than Saddam's weapons of mass destruction,"[6]and, he added, the massive U.S. military presence in the Persian Gulf reveals its "sinister" intentions.
		Rafsanjani defined U.S. attempts to establish a presence in sensitive areas such as the Persian Gulf and the Middle East as "dangerous" to peace and security in the region and to world peace,[7]and declared that America is trying to revive colonial rule.
		Rafsanjani, too, warned U.S. leaders not to remain in the region: "We shall not allow the Americans to stay in the area," he said, and advised them to consider the fact that the countries of the region would not allow them to "rob" their natural wealth.
	memri.org /bin/articles.cgi?Page=countries&Area=iraq&ID=IA12803 (2764 words)

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