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Topic: Al Qayrawan

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	Al Qayrawan, Tunisia, Pictures
		Called the City of 100 Mosques, Al Qayrawan is one of the holiest of Muslim cities.
		Founded by an Arab emir in 670, the city became capital of the Ifrika province of the caliphate in the 8th century and of the Aghlabite dynasty in the 9th century.
		In the 11th century Al Qayrawan was capital of the Zirid dynasty, and in the 15th century it was an administrative center under the Almoravids.
	www.greatestcities.com /Africa/Tunisia/Al_Qayrawan_Kairouan_city.html (212 words)

	Rise of Islam in Algeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Governors appointed by the Umayyad caliphs ruled from Al Qayrawan, capital the new wilaya (province) of Ifriqiya, which covered Tripolitania (the western part of present-day Libya), Tunisia, and eastern Algeria.
		The Almoravid movement developed early in the eleventh century among the Sanhaja of the western Sahara, whose control of trans-Saharan trade routes was under pressure from the Zenata Berbers in the north and the state of Ghana in the south.
		Abd al Mumin forced the submission of the amirs and reestablished the caliphate of CÃ³rdoba, giving the Almohad sultan supreme religious as well as political authority within his domains.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rise_of_Islam_in_Algeria (3703 words)

	MuslimHeritage.com - Topics
		Qayrawan is, according to Al-Idrisi, 'mother of cities and capital of the land, is the greatest city in the Arab West, the most populated, prosperous and thriving with the most perfect buildings...'
		At Qayrawan and Zaytuna in Tunisia, alongside the Quran and jurisprudence were taught grammar, mathematics, astronomy and medicine.
		Ibn Al Jazzar was one of the key experts in medicine whose compilations of knowledge were widely translated and utilized by the earliest universities in Europe.
	www.muslimheritage.com /topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=324 (502 words)

	The Institute of Ismaili Studies - The Advent of the Fatimids: A Contemporary Shi‘i Witness
		As a document of this kind for a period of that remoteness, it is unique; and it surely deserves a special place in the literature of Islamic revolutionary movements almost as much as it belongs among the most valuable sources for the history of mediaeval North Africa.
		But, despite lingering resistance, the Ismailis had won and, some 10 months later, their Imam appeared to proclaim his rule in Raqqada, the administrative city–suburb of Qayrawan, in the year 297/910, and to establish a dynastic rule that was to last two and a half centuries.
		A native of Qayrawan and a Shi‘i scholar in his own right, he was an eager convert to the Fatimid cause and the Ismaili da‘wa.
	www.iis.ac.uk /view_article.asp?ContentID=100525 (1799 words)

	Contributions Of Islam To Medicine
		In 750 A.D., Baghdad was built to be the capital of the Abbasid dynasty by the Calip Abu-Gaifar Al- Mansur.
		In 766 A.D., he assigned the dean of the medical school of Jindi Shapur, Judis Ibn-Babtishu', to be the Court- Physician and to establish hospitals proportionate to the glory and prosperity of Baghdad.
		The Qayrawan Hospital was characterized by spacious separate wards waiting rooms for visitors and patients, and female nurses from Sudan, an event representing the first use of nursing in Arabic history.
	www.healtharabia.com /islam2.htm (2413 words)

	MIT OpenCourseWare \| Architecture \| 4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002 \| Lecture Notes \| 6. ...
		Their capital was at Qayrawan, and they paid tribute to the Abbasids.
		The Umayyads of Spain (756-1031): After the fall of the Umayyad dynasty in 750, a scion of the family, Abd al-Rahman I, fled to Spain and established a principality in Cordoba independent of the Abbasids.
		The Mosque of Muhammad ibn Khairun at Qayrawan (866)
	ocw.mit.edu /OcwWeb/Architecture/4-614Religious-Architecture-and-Islamic-CulturesFall2002/LectureNotes/detail/ifriqiya.htm (647 words)

	1_3 Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Al aconsejar las circunstancias, incidir en el principio del "descubrimiento", para justificar el derecho de ambas coronas a sus conquistas, la "demarcación" se llevó a sus antípodas.
		Al sur estaba Gana, residencia del Negus, rey de Etiopía, sede del mercado mudo del oro.
		Nadie mira al Puerto Hierro, del extremo oriental de Paria, ni a las Antillas de Barlovento, situadas en las inmediaciones del mismo meridiano, porque "saben" que nadie pudo adentrarse en la mar, antes de finales del XV, por carecer de astrolabio [35] y barcos de alto bordo.
	www.webislam.com /BEI/Africa/1_3_Africa.htm (6034 words)

	AllRefer.com - Qayrawan, Al (Tunisia Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Qayrawan, Al[Al kIrAwAn´] Pronunciation Key or Kairouan[kIrwAn´, Fr.
		Founded in 670 by Uqbah bin Nafi, an Arab leader, it was the seat of Arab governors in W Africa until 800.
		Of Al Qayrawan's 150 mosques, the most celebrated is the Great Mosque, started by Uqbah bin Nafi and completed in the 9th cent.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Q/Qayrawan.html (209 words)

	Rise of Islam in Algeria - Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Abu al Muhajir Dina, Uqba's successor, pushed westward into Algeria and eventually worked out a modus vivendi with Kusayla, the ruler of an extensive confederation of Christian Berbers.
		Governors appointed by the Umayyad caliphs ruled from Al Qayrawan, the new wilaya (province) of Ifriqiya, which covered Tripolitania (the western part of present-day Libya), Tunisia, and eastern Algeria.
		From its capital at Tunis, the Hafsid Dynasty made good its claim to be the legitimate successor of the Almohads in Ifriqiya, while, in the central Maghrib, the Zayanids founded a dynasty at Tlemcen.
	www.book-spot.co.uk /index.php/Rise_of_Islam_in_Algeria (3674 words)

	Algeria - ISLAM AND THE ARABS, 642-1830
		In 670, therefore, an Arab army under Uqba ibn Nafi established the town of Al Qayrawan about 160 kilometers south of present-day Tunis and used it as a base for further operations.
		Governors appointed by the Umayyad caliphs ruled from Al Qayrawan, the new wilaya (province) of Ifriqiya, which covered Tripolitania (the western part of present-day Libya), Tunisia, and eastern Algeria.
		Although nominally serving at the caliph's pleasure, Al Aghlab and his successors ruled independently until 909, presiding over a court that became a center for learning and culture.
	countrystudies.us /algeria/8.htm (661 words)

	6-The Early Monumental Mosques of Ifriqiya and al-Andalus (670-1000):
		The Great Mosque of Qayrawan: founded in 670 and rebuilt several times, 773-4, 836, 863, 1294, it is the prototype for many later North African mosques.
		The Mosque of Muhammad ibn Khairun at Qayrawan (866): one of the earliest surviving examples of a small neighborhood mosque, it is distinguished by its nine-bay plan (which will have a major role in the development of funerary and royal architecture) and its stucco decoration.
		The Ribat of Susa, Tunisia: a fine representative of the fortress- ribat, its core dates to the period 770-96, and its last stage of construction (821-22) is attributed to the Aghlabid Ziyadat Allah.
	web.mit.edu /afs/.athena/course/4/4.614/www/h06.html (481 words)

	HighBeam Research: Library Search: Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Of Al Qayrawan's 150 mosques, the most celebrated is the Great Mosque, started by...
		The Great Mosque of Al Qayrawan (c.862) is decorated with square luster tiles set in a lozenge pattern around the pierced marble prayer niche.
		The Great Mosque at Al Qayrawan in Tunisia is the prototype of western Islamic religious edifices.
	www.highbeam.com /library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_thesaurus=on&refid=ency%5Frefd&q=Qayrawan%20AND%20Al (494 words)

	Religious Architecture and Islamic Cutures
		After the fall of the Umayyad dynasty in 750, a scion of the family, Abd al-Rahman I, fled to Spain and established a principality in Cordoba independent of the Abbasid s.
		T shaped plan of prayer hall (axial nave and transverse arcade in front of mihrab), with aisles perpendicular to the qibla wall.
		The Mosque of Muhammad ibn Khairun at Qayrawan
	web.mit.edu /course/4/4.614/www/handout06.html (226 words)

	mad7.
		He lived in Qayrawan and obtained leadership in knowledge there.
		There was a question in Qayrawan about the unbelievers and whether they recognise Allah or not.
		There was great dispute in it between the scholars and that controversy passed on to the common people.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/ABewley/mad7.html (1331 words)

	MuslimHeritage.com - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		[26] During his investigation at Qayrawan Mosque, Shabuh unearthed a catalogue which was compiled in 693 AH /1293 CE, and which is quite detailed in its description of the contents of the mosque.
		Abd al-Wahab located at the Qayrawan's Atiqa Library an Arabic translation of Tarikh al Umam al-Qadima (history of Ancient Nations), which was written by Saint Gerome sometime prior to his death in 420.
		Ibn Al Jazzar was one of the key experts in medicine whose compilations of knowledge were widely translated and utilized by the earliest universities in Europe.
	ww.muslim-heritage.com /features/default.cfm?ArticleID=438 (2259 words)

	IbnYasin
		In the course of his conversations with the master, Yahya ibn Ibrahim became aware of his own ignorance in religious matters and the superficial character of Islam to be found among his fellow tribe members in the southern regions of the Sahara.
		Moved by the desire to bring his people the teaching which he himself had received at the Qayrawan, he asked Abu 'Imran to send with him across the desert one of his disciples who was distinguished in knowledge of the Sunna and in his pious life.
		Nevertheless, convinced of the good intentions and the sincere faith of the Juddala chief, Abu 'Imran al-Fasi recommended to him a faqih among his disciples, Wajjaj ibn Zalwi (or Zallû) al-Lamti, who lived in lived in Malkus on the Ziz in the territory subject to the Maghrawa of Sijilmassa.
	bewley.virtualave.net /ibnyasin.html (7831 words)

	Politics of Tunisia
		Al Kaf[?], Al Mahdiyah[?], Al Munastir[?], Al Qasrayn[?], Al Qayrawan[?], Aryanah[?], Bajah[?], Banzart[?], Bin 'Arus[?], Jundubah[?], Madanin[?], Nabul[?], Qabis[?], Qafsah[?], Qibili[?], Safaqis[?], Sidi Bu Zayd[?], Silyanah[?], Susah[?], Tatawin[?], Tawzar[?], Tunis, Zaghwan[?]
		Political pressure groups and leaders: the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed.
		And its members are either in jail, in hiding or in exile...
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Politics_of_Tunisia.html (454 words)

	>> Al Qayrawan Florists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		By using our Al Qayrawan Florists pages you will be avoiding the delays and charges associated with another national service provider.
		Al Qayrawan Florists will also add an expression of thanks card free of charge which we will give you your confirmation of delivery without having to call back.
		If you are a local retail florist in Al Qayrawan and would like to be a part of the Directory click here to join.
	www.florist-directory.net /Tunisia/Al-Qayrawan/Florists.htm (203 words)

	Tunisia Demographics and Geography - Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online
		The Shatt al Jarid and Shatt al Fijaj, two large seasonal salt lakes located below sea level, occupy large basins that extend from the Algerian border to Al Hamma, near Qabis.
		In the 7th century the country was conquered by Arabs, who founded Al Qayrawan (Qayrawan, Al), the Islamic (cap.) in the Ifriqiya region.
		The country is divided into twenty-three provinces (Arabic wilayat): Al Kaf, Al Qayarawan (Qayrawan, Al), Al Ariana, Al Qasrayn, Bajah, Bin Arus, Bizerte, Janduba, Madiniyina, Mahdiyah, Munastir, Nabul, Qabili, Qabis, Qafsah, Safaqis, Sidi Bu Zid, Silyanah, Susah, Tawzar, Tatawin, Tunis, and Zaghwan.
	www.columbiagazetteer.org /public/Tunisia.html (1332 words)

	Berber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The interpretation of the second most frequent "Neolithic" haplotype is debated: Arredi et al.
		Europe appears to be the source of many of the remaining sequences, with the rest having arisen either in Europe or in the Near East." [Maca-Meyer et al.
		This north-south gradient in the sub-Saharan contribution to the gene pool is supported by Esteban et al.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Berber (3238 words)

	Al Qayrawan Apartments for rent Al Qayrawan apartment rentals, Al Qayrawan furnished apartments to rent.
		Al Qayrawan Apartments for rent Al Qayrawan apartment rentals, Al Qayrawan furnished apartments to rent.
		About Us Sublet.com is a Al Qayrawan apartment rental website that advertises Al Qayrawan apartments, Al Qayrawan roommates, Al Qayrawan houses for rent Al Qayrawan sublets and subleases.
		Al Qayrawan housing rentals, apartments, roommates, houses, tenants and landlords have not been verified or evaluated.
	www.sublet.com /area_rentals/NorthAfrica/AlQayrawan_Rentals.asp (96 words)

	Hospitals in Islamic History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The other was on the west side of the city, which he named, Al- Mujgtadiri Hospital, after himself.
		Its magnificent ancient door is preserved in the Islamic Museum of Cairo.
		The Qayrawan Hospital was characterized by spacious separate wards, waiting rooms for visitors patients, and female nurses from Sudan.
	members.tripod.com /worldupdates/newupdates10/id119.htm (1177 words)

	Discovery Channel's Cosmeo
		QAANAAQ, formerly THULE, community, NW Greenland, situated on the Hayes Peninsula on Baffin Bay, N of Cape Yo...
		QADDAFI, Muammar al- (1942-), Libyan revolutionary and political leader, known for his devotion to Islam...
		QAYRAWAN, AL, also Kairouan, city, N Tunisia, capital of al, Qayrawan Governorate.
	www.cosmeo.com /viewencyclopedia.cfm?N=0&Nr=d_ArticleRange:Q-Q&Ns=p_Title (184 words)

	[Islam-Online- Science, Ideas & Technology]
		Baghdad: In 750 A.D., Baghdad was elected asbuilt to be the capital of the Abbasid dynasty by the Caliph Abu-JGaifar Al- Mansur.
		In 766 A.D., he assigned the dean of the medical school of Jindi Shapur, Judis Ibn-Babtishu', to be the cCourt-p Physician and establish hospitals proportionate to the glory and prosperity of Baghdad.
		Its magnificentancient door is preserved in the Islamic Museum ofin Cairo.
	www.islamonline.net /IOL-English/dowalia/techng-2000-August-22/techng12.asp (1156 words)

	Qayrawan, Al- -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Founded in 670 on the site of the Byzantine fortress of Kamouinia, it served as the camp from which the offensive was launched that resulted in the Islamic political and religious subjugation of the Maghrib (northwest Africa).
		More results on "Qayrawan, Al-" when you join.
		Perhaps the best-known gangster of all time, Al “Scarface” Capone was the most powerful mob boss of his era.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?eu=63690 (600 words)

	Islamic Community of Greater Cincinnati -Articles- Taraweeh The Prosteration to God
		Sahnun studied knowledge in the Qayrawan with its shaykhs: Abu Kharija, Bahlul, 'Ali ibn Ziyad, Ibn Abi Hassan, Ibn Ghanim, Ibn Ashras, Ibn Abi Karima, hir brother Habib, Mu'awiya as-Samadahi and Abu Ziyad ar-Ra'ini.
		The people of the Qayrawan relied on it and he had companions which none of the companions of Malik had.
		There should be a call given in Qayrawan that he will not give fatwas and he will not let anyone listen to him and that he will keep to his house." He did that and ten responsible men were put in charge of him.
	www.cincimasjid.com /tadhkir/tabi_sahnun.html (7451 words)

	Short Biographi of Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
		He was from the tribe of Nifza and lived in Qayrawan.
		His adherents in Qayrawan included Abu Bakr ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman, Abu'l-Qasim al-Baradha'i, al-Lubaydi, the sons of al-Ajdabi, Abu 'Abdullah al-Khawwas, and Abu Muhammad al-Makki al-Muqri'.
		Abu Muhammad ibn Abi Zayd died in 386 and was elegised by a lot of the writers of Qayrawan who composed a number of moving elegies about him.
	www.bysiness.co.uk /ulemah/bioal_qayrawani.htm (1170 words)

	Al Hidaya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		One of the earliest and best known of Andalusian historians was Abu-Bakr ibn ‘Umar usually known as ibn-al-Qutiyah, who was born and flourished at Cordova, where he died in 977.
		During the sack of Cordova by the Berbers in 1013 ibn al-Faradhi was murdered in his home; his body was not found till the fourth day afterward and was so decomposed that it was buried without the usual ceremonial washing and wrapping.
		The two names which stand for the higher literary accomplishment and historical comprehension of which Western Islam was capable are those of the two friends and officials of Nasrid court, ibn-al-Khatib and ibn-Khaldun.
	www.al-hidaya.org /200201/contents/006.htm (809 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Qayrawan,Al- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		QayrawÄn, Al, also Kairouan, city in northern Tunisia, capital of Al QayrawÄn Governorate.
		The Great Mosque at Al QayrawÄn in Tunisia was built in ad 670, but its well-preserved state today reflects construction of the period 817-902.
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	encarta.msn.com /Qayrawan,Al-.html (166 words)

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