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| | Internet Islamic History Sourcebook |
 | | The Status of Jews and Christians in Muslim Lands, 1772 CE A question on the position of Jews in Islam, and the answer of the Shaikh Hasan Al Kafrawi, The Shafiite [Professor of canon law in Cairo, d. |
 | | Al Maggari: Tarik's Address to His Soldiers, 711 CE, from The Breath of Perfumes |
 | | The Mediterranean in the Ninth Century from R. Roolvink et al., Historical Atlas of the Muslim Peoples (Amsterdam, 1957) [At UPenn] |
| www.fordham.edu /halsall/islam/islamsbook.html (5127 words) |
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