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	Ala (Roman military) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ala, which literally means a wing, was from the earliest epochs employed to denote the wing of an army, and this signification it always retained, but in process of time was frequently used in a restricted sense.
		When, at a later date, the Roman armies were composed partly of Roman citizens and partly of Socii (allies from the rest of the Italian mainland), either Latini or Italici, it became the practice to marshall the Roman troops in the centre of the battle line and the Socii upon the wings.
		Hence ala and alarii denoted the contingent furnished by the allies, both horse and foot, and the two divisions were distinguished as dextera ala (right wing) and sinistra ala (left wing) (Livy, xxvii.2 [2], Livy, xxx.21 [3], Livy xxxi.21 [4]; Lips.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ala_(Roman_military) (569 words)

	ROMAN MILITARY GLOSSARY
		In a second-century census of the Roman military, the alae quingenariae outnumbered the alae millariae by ninety units to ten.
		Arms and equipment were stored in the areas immediately before each tent, and the baggage animals tethered in the spaces between each centuriae, which were, according to Hyginus, erected facing each-other in pairs.
		Within a Roman military camp, this was where the camp commander would stand to address his men, issue orders, hear complaints, conduct court-martial proceedings, also to perform the necessary military ceremonial and religious duties.
	www.roman-britain.org /glossary_m.htm (7214 words)

	ROMAN ARMY BIBLIOGRAPHY
		Lightfoot, C.S. and J.F. Healy, 'A Roman veteran on the Tigris' in: Epigraphica Anatolica 17 (1991), 1-7.
		Marsden, E.W., 'Polybius as a military historian' in: Fondation Hardt 20 (1973), 269-301.
		McDonald, A.H., 'The Roman conquest of Cisalpine Gaul (201-191 B.C.)' in: Antichthon 8 (1974), 44-53.
	members.tripod.com /~S_van_Dorst/biblio.html (10562 words)

	Rome
		Roman expansion continued after the fall of Carthage and eventually the Roman Empire encompassed Alexander's conquests, minus the Indus Valley, plus most of Britain, southern Europe to the borders of the Rhine and Danube Rivers, and North Africa.
		Roman generals interested in gaining the loyalty of the troops were therefore keen on securing special discharge benefits for their men.
		The status and remuneration of the centuriones in the Roman army was significantly raised in the late republican period.
	www.geocities.com /delerius2001/Rome.htm (2606 words)

	Ala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ala, an Ala is a cavalry unit of the ancient Roman auxiliary forces up to the 4th century AD, commanded by a praefectus the ala had 500 soldiers organized in 16 turmae commanded by a decurio.
		Ala, also known as Ale, Alla and Ane is the Nigerian goddess of fertility, and also rules the underworld.
		She is often depicted with a small child in her arms and her symbol is the cresent moon.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Ala (113 words)

	The Roman Army
		All in all the Roman army consisted of 18 centuries of equites, 82 centuries of the first class (of which 2 centuries were engineers), 20 centuries each of the second, third and fourth classes and 32 centuries of the fifth class (of which 2 centuries were trumpeters).
		The cavalry alae, the infantry cohorts and the mixed infantry and horsemen cohortes equitatae.
		Roman society was governed by class and so in effect there was three separate army careers possible, that of the common soldier in the ranks, that of the equestrians and that for those destined for command, the senatorial class.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/army.html (13499 words)

	RedRampant.com
		The word ala means "wing" and was used because of the cavalry's deployment on the wings of the army.
		The ala quingenaria was a unit of roughly 500 men.
		Early in the empire this commander was a non-roman from the tribe of which his particular ala was composed.
	www.redrampant.com /roma/alae.html (621 words)

	Roman Legions
		Showing representative examples of Roman military equipment from the late Republic to the late Empire, from major museums and selected private collections.
		Example of a Roman Military Diploma, that granted Roman citizenship after 25 years (army) or 26 years (Navy) of military service in the auxiliary forces to the veteran and his family.
		In general the bulk of the roman army was based a) in the West in the Rhine region during the reign of Augustus, but shifted later to the Danube border, and b) on the Eastern frontier towards Persia.
	www.romancoins.info /VIC-Legions.html (605 words)

	The Roman Military
		The Romans were successful in the art of war from the first days of the monarchy and that success continued until the collapse of the Roman Empire.
		Many reasons account for the collapse, one of which was the hiring of mercenaries to replace Romans weakened the military.
		The earliest known Roman army was mainly heavy infantry.
	www.dl.ket.org /latin3/mores/military/military1.htm (686 words)

	Roman Army Bibliography
		Kennedy, D.L. 'Military cohorts: The evidence of Josephus BJ III.4.2 (67) and epigraphy' ZPE 50 (1983): 253-263.
		Military diplomas are documents, such as gravestones, and other inscriptions giving details of a soldier's life, or a units organization and history.
		Roman Gravestones from the Military Cemetery Brussels 1993
	jubal9.tripod.com /RomArmyBibliog.html (6782 words)

	Epona - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In Gaulish and (later) Roman and Gallo-Roman mythology, Epona was the goddess of horses, donkeys, mules.
		She was particularly a goddess of fertility, as shown by her attributes of a patera, cornucopia, and the presence of foals in some sculptures (Reinach, 1895).
		Although only known from Roman contexts, the name Epona is from the Celtic language Gaulish; it is derived from epos, horse or epa, mare (compare Latin equus, Greek hippo) together with the -on- frequently, but not exclusively, found in theonyms (for example Sirona, Matronae), and the usual Gaulish feminine singular -a.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Epona (444 words)

	Roman Military Diploma Museum: Introduction
		Roman Military Diplomas (or better citizenship diplomas, diplomata) are in some way the "greencards" of Roman times (green also being the dominating color of their bronze patina).
		Roman soldiers (legionaries and auxiliaries) could not get married during their military service, and mostly they were too young when enlisted to already be married.
		Roman citizens could not legally marry non-citizen women (foreigners, slaves, Iunian status women), creating issues once an auxiliary got Roman citizenship at the end of his 25 year service.
	www.romancoins.info /MilitaryDiploma1a.html (3112 words)

	The Roman Military
		The Romans were successful in the art of war from the first days of the monarchy, and that success continued until the collapse of the empire.
		The earliest known Roman army consisted mainly of heavy infantry.
		These were Roman male citizens between the ages of 17 and 46, and most served for 16-20 years.
	www.dl.ket.org /latin2/mores/military/military1.htm (946 words)

	Roman Military Sites in Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Eleven forts (Brancaster, Caister, Burgh Castle, Walton Castle, Bradwell, Reculver, Richborough, Dover, Lympne, Pevensey and Portchester) are known, built from the mid 3rd to the early 4th century, that housed the garrison that is listed as being under the command of the Duke of the Saxon Shore in the Notitia Dignatatum.
		Roman involvement, circa 50-70AD, in iron extraction and smelting in the Blackdown Hills that straddle the Somerset/Devon border has been suggested as one reason for the concentration of military sites in the area.
		Military site exact type and purpose described as unknown by the excavator, suggested occupation period of mid-60s-80AD.
	www.morgue.demon.co.uk /Pages/Gazetteer/ENGS.HTM (1382 words)

	Legion XXIV - Glossary - A
		ALA A division of allied troops about the size of a legion, later, an auxiliary cavalry regiment, also latin for "wing".
		AQUILA The Aquila or Eagle, was the Symbol of a Roman Legion and was carried upon a staff by the Aquilifer at the head of the Legion while on the march.
		The Aquila as the symbol for a legion was introduced by Marius in 106BC, when he took over and reorganized the Roman military into a "standing" professional army.
	www.legionxxiv.org /glossaryA (469 words)

	Military Diploma
		Roman Military Diploma are in some way the "greencards" of Roman times (green also being the dominating color of their bronze patina).
		If there was the suspicon of fraud, Roman provincial officials could break the seals and compare the outer text with the inner text, compare for manipulations without having to wait for confirmation from often far away Rome.
		During the consulship of Licinius Celer and Rufus, granting Roman citizenship and marriage rights, to a former cavalryman from Dacia of the IV Thracian cohort under the command of Lucius Porcius Crescens.
	home.tiscali.be /andreas.pangerl/MilitaryDiploma.html (1496 words)

	Roman Military Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Roman military deployment in Wales and the Marches from Claudius to the Antonines.
		Dobson, B. and Mann, J. The Roman Army in Britain and Britons in the Roman Army.
		The historical background and military units of the Saxon shore.
	www.morgue.demon.co.uk /Pages/Biblio/Pages/Subjects/ARMY.HTML (419 words)

	Rome: Military Resources
		In general the bulk of the roman army was based a) in the West in the Rhine region during the reign of Augustus, but shifted later to the Danube border, and b) on the Eastern frontier towards Persia." Excerpted from Roman Numismatic Gallery.
		Roman culture evolved through that time, from a small collection of villages on seven hills and the earliest kings, to the Republic, to the Empire, and it is still with us.
		The Roman culture and military which created and held this together is a fascinating study of organization, arts, economics, discipline, technology and thinking.
	intranet.dalton.org /groups/Rome/RMil.html (8126 words)

	ARMAMENTARIVM: Useful information
		Arma is the newsletter of the Roman Military Equipment Conference (ROMEC) and carries short notes, news, and bibliographical details on the subject, as well as information about the next ROMEC.
		There are many museums within the area of the former Roman Empire (and some outwith) which contain excellent collections of Roman military equipment or source material (such as sculpture) of direct relevance.
		Deals with Roman archaeology matters in general, and is closely related to the ROMARCH Web site (where its archives may be found).
	museums.ncl.ac.uk /archive/arma/welc/info.htm (1590 words)

	USO Canteen FReeper Style~Ancient Warfare: Part II Ancient Roman Military~August 5, 2003
		Lightly armed with perhaps no more than a javelin and a light round shield, they were used as skirmishers to engage and perhaps draw the enemy onto the battle line proper.
		As their name suggests, they were intended to supplement the legionary infantry that was the backbone of the Roman army by employing different methods of fighting, including light-armed infantry, slingers, archers, and especially cavalry.
		Roman helmets were made of iron or copper alloy (both bronze and brass are known).
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/958351/posts (7073 words)

	Ala - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Ala, ala : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Phrases that include Ala: ala auris, ala central lobule, ala cerebelli, ala cristae galli, ala sacralis, more...
		Words similar to Ala: alae, alar, alary, like, per, more...
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=Ala (347 words)

	Ala - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Leonardo, the Terrible Monster (Ala Notable Children's Books.
		I Ain't Gonna Paint No More! (Ala Notable Children's Books.
		Diary of a Wombat (Ala Notable Children's Books.
	www.unipedia.info /Ala.html (134 words)

	SPQR LIST - Roman Links - Tilted Mill Community
		Roman Civilization: From Troy to the End of the Republic
		Arms of Valor - Weapons and Armor of Rome and the Roman Gladiator
		Ethics of Roman Expansion to 133 BC by Sanderson Beck
	www.tiltedmill.com /forums/showthread.php?t=6847 (1346 words)

	LINKS
		His page of Links on the Legio XX site, which can be accessed HERE, is simply the best compilation of Roman military-related internet links to be found anywhere.
		Maryland, the original Roman reenactment group in the U.S., portrays another Roman legion at the time of the Claudian invasion of Britain, ca.
		Legio XIIII GMV and Roman Military Research Society, United Kingdom.
	www.legionsix.org /links.htm (386 words)

	Epona - military units
		Discussion, information, links and recommended reading on Religion in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire.
		For discussion of the cults and religious practices of the Roman Military.
		I really very bad on my military units here, so where do these units originate, and out of interest does the spread of Epona artifact mirror the movements or a select number of units, or is it cavalry from all over the show?
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/181317 (388 words)

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