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	The Battle of El Alamein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Battle of El Alamein, fought in the deserts of North Africa, is seen as one of the decisive victories of World War Two.
		The Battle of El Alamein was primarily fought between two of the outstanding commanders of World War Two, Montgomery, who succeeded the dismissed Auchinleck, and Rommel.
		El Alamein was a bottleneck that ensures that Rommel could not use his favoured form of attack - sweeping into the enemy from the rear.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /battle_of_el_alamein.htm (1741 words)

	Second Battle of El Alamein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the First Battle of El Alamein, which had stalled the Axis advance, General Bernard Montgomery took command of the British Commonwealth's Eighth Army from Claude Auchinleck in August 1942.
		The Battle of El Alamein is usually divided into five phases, consisting of the break-in (October 23-24), the crumbling (October 24-25), the counter (October 26-28), Operation Supercharge (November 1-2) and the breakout (November 3-7).
		He took the title "Viscount Montgomery of Alamein" when he was raised to the peerage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein (2802 words)

	First Battle of El Alamein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The First Battle of El Alamein 1–July 31, 1942 was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of World War II, fought between the German–Italian Afrikakorps commanded by Erwin Rommel and the British Eighth Army, commanded by Claude Auchinleck.
		Following the defeat at the Battle of Gazala in June 1942, the Eighth Army had retreated from Mersa Matruh to the Alamein Line in Egypt, a 40 mile (60 km) gap between the town of El Alamein on the Mediterranean coast to the north and the Qattara Depression in the desert to the south.
		The Allied line near El Alamein was not overrun until the evening and this hold up stalled the Axis advance.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein (497 words)

	El Alamein [Australian War Memorial]
		Three major battles occurred around El Alamein between July and November 1942, and were the turning point of the war in North Africa.
		In this last and desperate attempt to oust the Allies from the Alamein line, German and Italian armoured forces massed in the southern sector and made a sweeping hook that drove the Allies back to the Alam el Halfa Ridge.
		Artillery was used at El Alamein on a massive scale, supporting the infantry when they went forward, and protecting them when they were counterattacked.
	www.awm.gov.au /encyclopedia/el_alamein/reading.htm (1119 words)

	Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Field Marshal The Right Honourable Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO (17 November 1887–24 March 1976) was a British Army officer, most noted for his involvement in World War II and often referred to as "Monty".
		He was most successful with well planned attacks with overwhelming forces, such as at El Alamein.
		His reputation was tarnished over two decades after his death by evidence of racism with the 1999 revelation of previously secret papers from 1947-1948 when he held the position of Chief of the Imperial General Staff.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bernard_Montgomery (1979 words)

	Dust in the wind... El Alamein
		El Alamein was the last stand for the Allies in North Africa, located some 150 miles from Cairo, and harboring a very important harbor through which the allies got their supplies.
		El Alamein was in between a narrow passage, located to the south were mountains which provided a number of easily defensible points and to the north was the Mediterranean.
		Because El Alamein was well protected by two mountains from the south, Rommel could not employ his most favored attach, to send troops to attack from behind.
	geocities.com /radisic_igor/dust_in_the_wind_battle_of_el_alamein.htm (1785 words)

	AFS. WWII. The Western Desert. The War. The Stand at El Alamein. Defense. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 1st South African Division, later augmented by Australian troops, was assembled on the coast; the New Zealand Division in the area of the Kaponga fortress at Bab el Qattara, the strongpoint in the center of the line; and the 5th Indian Division at the south.
		By 11 July the Tel el Eisa mounds overlooking Alamein had been retaken, but due to enemy pressure the central salient was withdrawn and the lower half of the line was finally stabilized somewhat east of its original position.
		During First Alamein I do recall feeling sorry for some newly arrived white-skinned British Tommies, huddled in trenches with their wool blankets propped over them to give some shade from the furnace heat of the desert sun in July.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/specoll/AFS/4/d/4d4b1.html (5121 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alamein, El (North African History) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Alamein, El[el alumAn´, Alu–] Pronunciation Key or Al Alamayn[Al AlamAn´] Pronunciation Key, town, N Egypt, on the Mediterranean Sea.
		In preparation for an attack by German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel from Libya (begun May 26, 1942) the British forces retreated into Egypt and by June 30 had set up a defense line extending 35 mi (56 km) from Alamein S to the Qattara Depression, a badland which could neither be crossed nor flanked.
		For his victory Montgomery was made a viscount with the title Montgomery of Alamein.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Alamein.html (344 words)

	The Military Book Review El Alamein review
		Latimer also states his theme early on, and it is carried on throughout, and then brought to us again at the very end as an explicit part of the summary.
		Alamein was also a victory for the RAF for its efforts to provide ground support and interdict the enemy.
		While Bierman and Smith provide a wider context in time, Latimer gives a wider context based on strategy: the how and why actions were taken as well as the larger technical and logistical considerations that made their influence felt during the battle.
	www.themilitarybookreview.com /html/Alamein.shtml (1376 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Apache gives test results for Alamein West #1 discovery
		Log results indicate a high-porosity, fractured Alamein dolomite structure 300 feet thick, at least half of which is believed to contain oil.
		Six feet were perforated for testing (between 9,002 feet and 9,008 feet in the Alamein formation).
		The discovery's uppermost zone test-flowed 1,066 bpd of 38-degree API gravity crude oil and 0.5 mm cfpd of natural gas on a 3/4-inch choke with 135 psi of flowing tubing pressure.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cna81985.htm (331 words)

	El Alamein; victory in the desert
		The Battle of El Alamein in late 1942 was the decisive battle of the North African campaign that lasted from 1940 until 1943.
		El Alamein was located 70 miles west of the main Egyptian port of Alexandria and could not be outflanked because movement of vehicles was restricted to a corridor of 40 miles between the sea and the impassable Quattara depression.
		The 9th Australian Division which, under the command of General Leslie Morshead, had formed the bulk of the Australian garrison at the siege of Tobruk in 1941 and was retained in the Middle East in 1942.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-battles/ww2/el_alamein.htm (3122 words)

	CNN.com - Veterans remember El Alamein - Oct. 20, 2002
		Hundred of former soldiers from all sides gathered at the weekend for ceremonies in north Egypt to mark the Battle of El Alamein, which was fought in 1942.
		Lord Montgomery, who was commissioned in Britain's Royal Tank Regiment in 1946, attributed his father's success as a general to his dedication to the profession and his belief in his men.
		The Battle of El Alamein, which pitted Montgomery's Desert Rats against the Afrika Corps, led by "desert fox" General Erwin Rommell, is widely regarded as an event that changed the course of history.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/10/20/egypt.elalamein (673 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Battle of Alamein : Turning Point, World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Battle of Alamein is actually more than a retelling of that battle (hardly THE turning point of WW2; but in fairness to the authors this is the US title), rather it's an overview of the desert war.
		Whether this belief is strictly true or not, it is clear that the German Army, in this case represented by the Afrika Corps (and its Italian ally), went from a victorious and seemingly unbeatable army to a broken, to a retreating and utterly spent group of soldiers discarded by their leader.
		The Battle of Alamein is more than a story of the major engagements so well known and oft told, it is also a story of little known elements that played important, if somewhat side-stage, roles in this first major tactical victory for the British Army (represented by the 8th Army in this case).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0670030406?v=glance (3114 words)

	CNN.com - Veterans remember El Alamein - Oct. 18, 2002
		Veterans of one of the decisive battles of World War II are gathering in northern Egypt for a ceremony to mark its 60th anniversary.
		The Battle of El Alamein, in 1942, is widely regarded as an event that changed the course of history.
		El Alamein marked a turning point in the fortunes of the Allies, who were fighting to keep open vital supply lines from the Mediterranean to the East.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/10/18/alamein.memorial (241 words)

	elalamein.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was to go down in history as "the El Alamein position" and, before 1942 was out, would be not only the decisive turning point in the Desert War, but also in Britain's fortunes overall in the Second World War.
		Reconnoitered by General Sir James Marshall-Cornwall earlier in the summer, the Alamein line ran for about thirty miles from the Mediterranean coast near the small railway station of EL Alamein to the cliffs edging the Qattara Depression, which was a vast area of impassable, low-lying salt marshes that effectively closed the Desert flank.
		Four defended localities were prepared: the largest around EL Alamein; the next along Ruweisat Ridge; the third about Abu Dweiss, and the fourth at Deirel Shein.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Quarters/5433/elalamein.html (591 words)

	AllRefer.com - Montgomery, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein (British And Irish History, Biography) - ...
		In 1942 he was sent to Egypt to command the British 8th Army in Africa under the Middle Eastern Command headed by Gen. Sir Harold Alexander.
		Winning the battle of Alamein and driving the Germans 2,000 mi (3,200 km) across Africa into Tunisia (see North Africa, campaigns in) made Montgomery an idol of the British public.
		His writings include Forward to Victory (1946), Normandy to the Baltic (1947), Forward from Victory (1948), El Alamein to the River Sangro (1948), An Approach to Sanity (1959), The Path to Leadership (1961), and A History of Warfare (1968).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/MntgmryB.html (474 words)

	AFS. WWII. The Western Desert. The War. The Stand at El Alamein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		AT THIS time, the British Broadcasting Corporation and the British press were telling their public that the Eighth Army had retreated into 'The Alamein Line', which apparently stretched like a desert Maginot from the Mediterranean forty miles to the salt marshes of the Quattara Depression.
		Hitler and Stalingrad is one case of this; Churchill and Tobruk another; the B.B.C. and Alamein a third.
		Between the Mediterranean at El Alamein and the seven-hundred-foot cliffs that line the northern edge of the Quattara Depression was a stretch of various desert as wide as the distance between Croydon and Brighton---about forty miles.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/specoll/AFS/4/d/4d4b.html (436 words)

	Seconda guerra mondiale: Tutte le informazioni su Seconda guerra mondiale su Encyclopedia.it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Le altalenanti battaglie nel deserto del nordafrica tra gli Afrika Korps di Rommel e l'Ottava Armata Britannica giunsero a termine con la vittoria alleata della Seconda battaglia di El Alamein.
		La Prima battaglia di El Alamein ebbe luogo tra il 1 luglio e il 27 luglio 1942.
		La Seconda battaglia di El Alamein avvenne tra il 23 ottobre e il 3 novembre 1942 dopo che Montgomery aveva sostituito Auchinleck come comandante dell'Ottava Armata.
	www.encyclopedia.it /s/se/seconda_guerra_mondiale.html (4171 words)

	El Alamein, July 2 - November 4, 1942
		In June 1942 Auchinleck had fallen back to the last line of defense before Alexandria: El Alamein was town 65 miles to the west, bounded by the Qattara Depression, terrain impassible to tanks.
		He claimed El Alamein would be the decisive battle of the war.
		El Alamein was the last major battle in the war that was exclusively a Commonwealth affair.
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/elalamein.htm (430 words)

	El Alamein
		During the El Alamein campaign half of Rommel's 100,000 man army was killed, wounded or taken prisoner.
		Winston Churchill was convinced that the battle of El Alamein marked the turning point in the war and ordered the ringing of church bells all over Britain.
		At Alamein Rommel was utterly defeated but not annihilated: Alamein was a decisive victory but not a complete one.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWelalamein.htm (1058 words)

	Remembering 1942 - The Battle of El Alamein, 23 October 1942 [Australian War Memorial]
		El Alamein was one of the great battles of the Second World War, and is frequently described as a turning-point of that conflict.
		With Dr Peter Stanley, the Memorial's Principal Historian, he has co-written Alamein: the Australian Story, which was launched at the Memorial on 23 October 2002, the 60th anniversary of the opening of the battle.
		Education Acitvity: Learn about the living conditions of soldiers at El Alamein by examining a photo taken in the forward area on the El Alamein front.
	www.awm.gov.au /atwar/remembering1942/alamein23 (184 words)

	9th Division AIF; Tobruk and El Alamein
		As Rommel closed to El Alamein the 9th Division was moved forward into Egypt and positioned inside the Egyptian border for defence of Alexandria, being then less than 100 miles from this important city.
		The casualties of the 9th Division in the El Alamein battles equalled those of the entire British 10th Armoured Corps which was tasked with the breakthrough.
		Montgomery's first act after the battle was seen to be won, was to travel to 9th Division HQ and thank them for their redemption of the initially-failed 10th Armoured Corps attack.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-conflicts-periods/ww2/pages-2aif-cmf/9-div-aif.htm (1202 words)

	El Alamein
		Then in the second El Alamein battle, the Eighth Army, now commanded by Lt-General Montgomery, fought successfully between 23 October and 4 November 1942 to pierce Rommel's defences, forcing him to retreat into Tunisia.
		Unlike most previous Western Desert battles, this second battle was a set-piece affair against static defences with no turnable flank and lack of fuel and transport prevented Rommel from practicing the mobile warfare of which he was a master.
		El Alamein was the climax of the Western Desert campaigns and one of the turning-points of the war; the victory, as intended, influenced the French to co-operate in the North African campaign after initially opposing the landings there.
	library.thinkquest.org /C001323/data/ww2_el4.html (1012 words)

	Journal
		In a book subtitled "hero of Tobruk and El Alamein" one would expect Morshead's work in these battles especially, and on the battlefield generally, to be scrutinised in detail.
		The worst of these is misrepresenting Morshead's report to Blamey on the progress of SUPERCHARGE on 2 November as a report on an Australian operation on 1 November.
		Coombes is right to assert that the Australians have not received sufficient credit for their contribution to the great British victory at Alamein, but again he goes too far.
	www.awm.gov.au /journal/j36/morsheadreview.htm (1448 words)

	The Wargamer - PC Game Review: El Alamein '42 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Depending on where one inserts themselves in the Tobruk to El Alamein scenarios, the opportunity exists to assault a fortified city, execute the airborne invasion of Malta, pursue the 8th Army across hundreds of miles of desert and attack the prepared positions at El Alamein.
		The scenarios that cover the battles leading up to and beyond the 2nd Battle of El Alamein are all pretty much hard slogs against prepared positions by one side or the other.
		Given the combination of historical significance and long distances inherent in the Tobruk to Alamein period, the designers provided a series of 80 and 160 turn scenarios that all include explicit supplies.
	www.wargamer.com /reviews/el_alamein/page3.asp (686 words)

	Panzer Campaigns - Alamein '42
		Alamein '42 is a hell of a diverse title.
		Click Here to Load the review, and hover the cursor over the lower right corner of the image to expand it to the full page size if the image is reduced in resolution in your browser.
		A lot of thought went into the creation of this game and some of the more interesting items are discussed in the Designer Notes which can be viewed by clicking the book image at the left or this link.
	members.shaw.ca /gcsaunders/alamein.html (586 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| How El Alamein changed the war
		El Alamein is in Egypt, about 50 miles from Alexandria and on the east of the Mediterranean.
		Most important, as El Alamein is by the sea, ships can unload and cargo can then go on to the trains.
		Eventually, from this victory at El Alamein, in three months we had swept from the east to where they met a British and American fleet at Tripoli.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/2347801.stm (942 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of World History: Alamein, El, Battles of@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the First Battle of El Alamein 1-27 July 1942, the British 8th Army under Auchinleck held off the German and Italian forces under Rommel.
		In the Second Battle of El Alamein 23 Oct-4 Nov 1942, Montgomery defeated Rommel.
		The first battle was inconclusive but strategically vital: Rommel attacked the British line in a series of engagements, but Auchinleck kept him at bay.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28754606&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (186 words)

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