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Topic: Albanian Communist Party

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Albania during World War II

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	Albania - ALBANIA'S COMMUNIST PARTY
		Albania's communist party, in early 1992, was in a state of transition, and its future remained uncertain.
		Known from 1941 to 1948 as the Albanian Communist Party, from November 1948 as the Albanian Party of Labor (APL), and from June 1991 as the Socialist Party of Albania (SPA), the communist party was organized along lines similar to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		The Ninth Party Congress of the APL was convened in November 1986, with 1,628 delegates in attendance.
	countrystudies.us /albania/126.htm (716 words)

	Albanian Islamic World
		Albanian intellectuals meet in Manastir (Macedonia), at the Congress of Manastir to standardize the Albanian alphabet using the Latin script (which is imposed by European agents).
		Albanian lands of Kosova and Chameria are united to Albanian motherland.
		Communist Party of Albania renames itself the Party of Labor of Albania.
	salam.muslimsonline.com /~albanian/chronology.html (1919 words)

	The collapse of Albanian Stalinism
		The capitalist Democratic Party, led by Berisha, was an ideal political battering ram to pulverise the old state apparatus and shatter the state-controlled economy.
		The Albanian Communist Party was supported by the Yugoslav Communist Party, but Tito's demand for Albania to be incorporated into the Yugoslav Federation led to a breach between Hoxha and Tito.
		The mass protest movement against the regime intensified in December 1990, and on 11 December Alia was forced to concede the legalisation of parties for the forthcoming elections.
	www.slp.at /theorie/albania_1.html (779 words)

	Enver Hoxha killer file
		With the aid of the Communist Party of the Yugoslavia, Albania's communist factions are melded into a unified organisation, the Albanian Communist Party (ACP), on 8 November.
		Albanians with Christian names that do not conform to "the political, ideological, or moral standards of the state" are required to change them.
		In June the Albanian Party of Labour is renamed the Socialist Party of Albania (SPA).
	www.moreorless.au.com /killers/hoxha.html (4021 words)

	Albania
		The Albanian comrades from Kosova explained the situation of the three Albanian groups to the Yugoslav Stalinists and, in agreement with the leaders of all three groups, they invited the Yugoslavs to come to Tirana in order to assist in founding the Albanian Communist Party, and in putting an end to past dissensions.
		Communists are the products of specific social and economic conditions (the class struggle), and these had not reached a sufficient degree of maturity in Albania at this time.
		Owing to the fact that leaders of the Albanian Communist movement had not assimilated even the elementary principles of Communism, the Yugoslav Stalinists were naturally able, without encountering any obstacle, to form a clique blindly obedient to their orders.
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol3/No1/Premtaj.html (6472 words)

	Partia Komuniste Shqiptare
		He came into contact with many members of the varied communist groups, that of Scutari, that of the youth of Korca, etc. In collaboration with the communist activists of these groups he worked actively for the unification of the scattered communist movement, with the firm intention to create a single communist party.
		On November 8, 1941, the Communist Party of Albania was founded and Enver Hoxha, who had a played an important and decisive role, was chosen one of 7 members of the provisional Central Committee.
		He was the principle inspirer of the political life of the party, which consisted in organizing the armed struggle by means of a united front of all forces, independent of their political and ideological orientation.
	www.pksh.org (2239 words)

	Albanian Party of Labour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Albanian Party of Labour, Partia e Punës e Shqipërisë, PPSh in Albanian, was the sole legal political party in Albania during communist rule (1946-1991).
		The latter was the next-highest level in the Party hierarchy and generally included all key officials in the government, as well as prominent members of the intelligentsia.
		A large number of parties (the most notable being PC do B) declared themselves to be in "PPSh line", especially during the period of 1978-1980.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albanian_Party_of_Labour (554 words)

	Albania: Political flags in People's Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		During the Second World War, the Communist guerillas used a red flag with the hammer and sickle, the emblem of the Albanian Communist Party.
		Albanian Labour Party [Partia ë Punes ë Shqiperisë] (1946-92)
		The flag of the Albanian Labour Party (Communist, founded in 1941) is red with the fl letters PPSH.
	www.crwflags.com /FOTW/flags/al}_.html (168 words)

	Post-War Albania
		The actual story of communist Albania is, however, quintessentially dystopian, a bleak inventory of bloody purges and repression, a case study in betrayal and obsessive xenophobia, a cacophony of bitter polemics with real and fantasized enemies that the outside world barely took time to notice.
		Most communist leaders were middle-class Tosks, and the party drew most of its recruits from Tosk-inhabited areas, while the Gegs, with their centuries-old tradition of opposing authority, distrusted the new Albanian rulers and their alien Marxist doctrines.
		The insignificance of Albania's standing in the communist world was clearly highlighted when the emerging East European nations did not invite the Albanian party to the September 1947 founding meeting of the Cominform.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/AlbanPW.html (5233 words)

	Albanian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Albanian resistance to Turkish rule was organized under the leadership of Skander Beg in Kruja.
		Albanian nationalism spurred repeated revolts against Turkish dominion and resulted in the First Balkan War in which the Turks were driven out of much of the Balkan Peninsula.
		1992 Mar, In Albania the Democratic Party of Sali Berisha was elected with 92 of a 140 seats in the legislature in the midst of economic freefall and social chaos.
	www.albanian.ca /datehistory.htm (4552 words)

	Albanian Student protests in Kosova - 1997 - Background information
		The Albanian language was introduced in schools and in administration and the public display of the Albanian flag was permitted.
		By it, the right of the Albanians to learn their national history and culture is denied, as with the teaching curriculums of the Republic of Serbia lecturing units dealing with the Albanian history and culture are reduced to a mere symbolic form.
		Allegedly, the law’s intention is to hinder the migration of Serbs and Montenegrins from Kosova.
	www.alb-net.com /old-alb-net/more.htm (13984 words)

	Enver Hoxha, The Artful Albanian: the Memoirs of Enver Hoxha, edited and introduced by Jon Halliday, Chatto & ...
		Albanian society was itself too backward to produce a real working class, being divided into two tribal groups, the Gegs and the Tosks.
		Well over three quarters of the leadership of the Albanian Communist Party were from the middle class, and it had the lowest percentage of workers in it of any Communist Party in Eastern Europe.
		This use of other parties to hand down instructions where contact was difficult was a well established practice in the Comintern, such as for example how Moscow kept in contact with the Indian Communist Party via the British Communist Party.
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol3/No4/RevHoxha.html (1960 words)

	kosovo.net: The Saga of Kosovo, by Alex N. Dragnich and Slavko Todorovich
		Moreover, Albanians were suspicious of the idea of one over-all "Balkan Staff" leadership, which would coordinate the policies and actions of all Balkan communist parties.
		The Albanians' creeping suspicions were in part attributable to Vukmanovich-Tempo, whose overbearing attitudes did not always suit his position as "Tito's ambassador." He was known for his inclination to behave like a "bear in the green house" (Tito's description).
		The installing of Albanian Communist rule in Albania was the product of a welloiled coordination of strange partners: the CPY provided the political guidance, while the Anglo-American command in Italy made it possible for Albanian Communist units to be amply supplied.
	www.kosovo.net /history/kosovo_saga/saga14.html (2477 words)

	Albanian Telegraphic Agency (ATA), 99-01-28
		This was the statement of the Albanian deputy Parliament Speaker, Namik Dokle, in the plenary session on Kosova during the first session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
		Albanian Premier spoke about the beginning of investigation on Vlora event, and said that the collaboration between the Italian and the Albanian judiciary for investigating the international smuggling clandestine traffic is a necessity.
		With regard to the position of the Democratic Party in the Albanian life, especially in Parliament, Fini stressed that the DP stand towards this institution will depend on the dialogue between the ruling party and the opposition.
	www.hri.org /news/balkans/ata/1999/99-01-28.ata.html (4274 words)

	Albanian Telegraphic Agency (ATA), 98-05-21
		Maksim Hasani, independent deputy of the Albanian parliament known as communist, arrived on Wednesday on a visit to the Greek capital invited by the leaders of the Greek Communist party.
		The Albanian communist established their international links first with the Greeks after Hasani visited Athens immediately after his election as the deputy of the Albanian parliament on June 29 elections '97.
		The Albanian Minister of Justice Thimjo Kondi, during a recent visit to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, signed for the Albanian government the convention for the transfer of the Albanian prisoners.
	www.hri.org /news/balkans/ata/1998/98-05-21.ata.html (5395 words)

	Two, Three, Many Parties of a New Type?
		When the Party was founded, it laid the basis of its political line for the period of the National Liberation War.
		The First Conference of the Albanian Communist Party, held in March 1943, summed up the revolutionary experience accumulated during the 15 months of its existence, and, on this basis, worked out the general line more deeply and extensively, giving the Party a more or less complete program.
		The formation of the Albanian Communist Party permitted both the centralization of ideological struggle around political line and the rectification and advance of that line through its implementation in the war of national liberation.
	struggle.net /ALC/TwoThreeCh2C.htm (1577 words)

	Accusations of Rape
		Hoxha was a founder (1941) of the Albanian Communist party (Albanian Labor party from 1948), General secretary of the party from 1943, he was premier (1946-54) of Albania after its proclamation as a republic.
		Coming three weeks after the ethnic Albanian draftee, Aziz Kelmendi,had slaughtered his Slavic comrades in the barracks at Paracin, the speech struck fear in thousands of families whose sons were about to start their mandatory year of military service.
		Because the Albanians have had a relatively high birth rate, one-quarter of the army's 200,000 conscripts this year are ethnic Albanians.
	members.tripod.com /kosovo99/accusati.htm (1869 words)

	Albanian Information - Albanian.com
		Meanwhile, the various communist groups that had germinated in Zog's Albania merged in November 1941 to form the Albanian Communist Party and began to fight the occupiers as a unified resistance force.
		Enver Hoxha, a college instructor who had led the resistance struggle of communist forces, became the leader of Albania by virtue of his post as secretary-general of the party.
		Albania, which before the war had been under the personal dictatorship of King Zog, now fell under the collective dictatorship of the Albanian Communist Party.
	www.albanian.com /information/history/worldwar.html (230 words)

	Albania: Historical political flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The communist guerillas in Second World War used a red flag with the hammer and sickle, the emblem of the Albanian Communist Party.
		The above is the flag of the Albanian Labour Party (communist, founded in 1941).
		SH is the abbreviation for Shqipërise (the Albanian word for "Albanian").
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/al}_.html (110 words)

	Enver Hoxha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1930, he went to study at the University of Montpellier in France on a state scholarship given to him by the Queen Mother, but he soon dropped out.
		From 1934 to 1936 he was a secretary at the Albanian consulate in Brussels, with the personnel requset of the Queen Mother Sadia.
		Telephone communication, long established in every household in Albania's neighbouring countries, was rare in most areas; while communist propaganda claimed telephone use was "available for everyone through communal telephone offices...throughout Albania." In fact, very few Albanians other than higher-echelon party apparatchiks had access to such services.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hoxhaism (1582 words)

	Enver Hoxha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The first communist chief of state of Albania.
		In 1930 he went on a state scholarship to the University of Montpellier, France, and then from 1934 to 1936 he was a secretary at the Albanian consulate general in Brussels and studied law at the university there.
		As ardent a nationalist as he was a communist, Hoxha
	www.albanian.ca /enver_hoxha.htm (237 words)

	Intervista
		In the process of moving house with his family, Anri Sala, an Albanian art student, discovered a twenty-year-old 16mm newsreel film, containing images of a congress of the Albanian Communist Party.
		In the film a young woman, a leader of the Communist Youth Alliance, is seen making a speech, and later giving an interview.
		Her Communist ideals and the current chaos in Albania collide, offering a moving opportunity for reflection on the country's (and one woman's) history and present state.
	www.frif.com /new99/intervis.html (401 words)

	World War
		AR II Using Albania as a military base, in October 1940, Italian forces invaded Greece, but they were quickly thrown back into Albania.
		After Nazi Germany defeated Greece and Yugoslavia in 1941, the regions of Kosova and ‚ameria were joined to Albania, thus creating an ethnically united Albanian state.
		Kosova was then reincorporated into the Serbian part of Yugoslavia, and ‚ameria into Greece.
	geocities.com /spiritofalbania/worldwar.htm (228 words)

	AllRefer.com - Enver Hoxha (Albanian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Enver Hoxha (Albanian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Albanian History, Biographies > Enver Hoxha
		Enver Hoxha[en´ver hO´jA] Pronunciation Key, 1908–85, Albanian Communist leader and general.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Hoxha-En.html (288 words)

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