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	Albany - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Albany, city in eastern New York, capital of the state, and seat of Albany County, on the high west bank of the Hudson River.
		Albany’s nickname, “Cradle of the Union,” resulted from the meeting here in 1754 of the Albany Congress, which adopted Benjamin Franklin’s Plan of Union, the first formal proposal to unite the colonies.
		Albany’s economy declined in the mid-20th century but was revived by the construction of major government facilities beginning in the 1960s.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761562236___0/Albany.html (681 words)

	ALBANY CONGRESS. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		1754, meeting at Albany, N.Y., of commissioners representing seven British colonies in North America to treat with the Iroquois, chiefly because war with France impended.
		A treaty was concluded, but the Native Americans of Pennsylvania were resentful of a land purchase made by that colony at Albany and allied themselves with the French in the ensuing French and Indian War.
		The meeting was notable as an example of cooperation among the colonies, but Benjamin Franklin’s Plan of Union for the colonies, though voted upon favorably at Albany, was refused by the colonial legislatures (and by the crown) as demanding too great a surrender of their powers.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/al/AlbanyCo.html (119 words)

	albanycongress
		By 1686, Albany was evolving into a place where regional farmers bartered their crops and forest products for imported and locally crafted items; where they came to have tools and other things repaired; and where they found spiritual and legal guidance.
		In 1738, Albany successfully petitioned the provincial government for funds to build a new "City Hall which was very much needed." In 1741, Albany erected a much more substantial building on the same location.
		This long-standing Albany institution had its roots in the 1690s when the Reverend John Miller was sent to serve as chaplain to the English soldiers at the Albany fort.
	www.iroquoisdemocracy.pdx.edu /html/albanycongress.htm (1403 words)

	Albany Congress - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Albany Congress, a meeting convened in 1754 to strengthen ties between the Native Americans and the American colonies in preparation for war with...
		In the meantime, in anticipation of the outbreak of war and on the urging of the British Board of Trade, the colonial governors convened a gathering...
		Albany's reputation as the Cradle of the Union resulted from the meeting here in 1754 of the Albany Congress, which adopted Benjamin Franklin's Plan...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Albany_Congress.html (113 words)

	Albany Congress
		A meeting was held in Albany in the spring of 1754 and was attended by native leaders, colonial officials and representatives from seven of the British colonies.
		The Albany Plan of Union set an example that would later be followed by such gatherings as the continental congresses.
		The Albany Congress The Albany Congress met in Albany from June 19 to July 11, 1754.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h789.html (609 words)

	The Avalon Project : Albany Plan of Union
		That the said general government be administered by a President-General, to be appointed and supported by the crown; and a Grand Council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several Colonies met in their respective assemblies.
		But, in case of vacancy by death or removal of any officer, civil or military, under this constitution, the Governor of the Province in which such vacancy happens may appoint, till the pleasure of the President-General and Grand Council can be known.
		(1) The Albany Plan of Union was the work of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas hutchinson.p.114 Morison, Samuel Eliot and Henry Steele Commager, William E. Leuchtenburg.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/amerdoc/albany.htm (819 words)

	Other Important Items Concerning the Revolution
		The Albany Congress was a meeting held at Albany, N.Y., in June-July 1754, attended by representatives of the colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire and of the five Iroquois nations whose plan for a federal union of the colonies was a precursor of the U.S. Constitution..
		The congress was called by the British crown to effect ways of improving the common defense of the colonies on the eve of the French and Indian War.
		It was called by the Continental Congress and several states in response to the impending bankruptcy of Congress and a sense of emergency arising from an armed revolt--Shay's Rebellion--in New England.
	www.americanrevwar.homestead.com /files/OTHER.HTM (3566 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for congress
		Provided for in Article I of the US Constitution, Congress is divided into two constituent houses: the lower, the House of REPRESENTATIVES, in which membership is based on the population of each state; and the upper, the...
		Continental Congress (1774; 1775–89) The assembly that first met in Philadelphia to concert a colonial response to the ‘Intolerable’ Coercive Acts.
		Congress inches toward a national policy on long-term care.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=congress (693 words)

	Straight Dope Staff Report: Who called the Continental Congress?
		The first was the Albany Congress, which met in June 1754 at the suggestion of the British.
		The idea that a congress of delegates from all colonies must soon assemble to define their rights, discuss common grievances, and seek means of redress speedily gained momentum during an exciting summer [of 1774].
		Nonetheless the First Continental Congress was an important step, laying the groundwork for the Revolutionary War and commencing the arduous task of cementing the farflung colonies into a nation, a process that many would argue did not conclude until the Civil War.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mcontcongress.htm (1565 words)

	Albany Congress - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Albany Congress 1754, meeting at Albany, N.Y., of commissioners representing seven British colonies in North America to treat with the Iroquois, chiefly because war with France impended.
		Albany Molecular Research, Inc. Posts Double-Digit Gains in Contract Revenue, Net Income in Second Quarter.
		Albany Molecular Research, Inc. Announces Third Quarter Results; Board Authorizes Second Stock Repurchase Program.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-AlbanyCo.html (478 words)

	Albany Congress
		Aside from its overall significance, the Albany Congress was a not unimportant event in the history of Albany.
		The Albany meeting site pointed up Albany's function as the last outpost of European-style civilization before the frontier - a place where settlers, officials, and native peoples had and would continue to come together to consider items of mutual concern.
		Timothy J. Shannon, Crossroads of Empire; Indians, Colonists, and the Albany Congress of 1754 (Cornell University Press, 2000), a social history of the convention and a reinterpretation of its significance.
	www.nysm.nysed.gov /albany/albanycongress.html (434 words)

	History of Albany County
		The core area for their confederacy was in the area of present day Schodack, Albany, N.Y. which was already a center for politics & trade.
		A more significant historical gathering was the Albany Congress, which took place in 1754.
		Lead by such men as Philip Schuyler, the citizens of Albany played their part in the American Revolution, especially the battle of Saratoga.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/ny/county/albany1/pages/history.html (476 words)

	New York State Library: Featured Site of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A war among the British and French in North American seemed to be imminent, and the Albany Congress was held in an attempt to unite the British colonies and secure the support of the Iroquois tribes in a common defense against the French.
		At this congress, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson, the Massachusetts governor, drafted the Albany Plan of Union, a proposal for uniting the British colonies in a loose confederation with a representative grand council, headed by a President-General appointed by the king.
		The Albany Plan of Union remains an important document in American history, however, because its model for uniting the colonies influenced the government that was designed later, when the colonies declared their independence and created the United States of America.
	www.nysl.nysed.gov /library/features/featmo/04junfea.htm (649 words)

	Xlibris.Com Bookstore
		Nine colonies assembled as an intercolonial congress to deal with the agenda of the Stamp Act of 1765, the Currency Act of 1764 which forbade the colonies to issue any new paper currency and the loss of the right to trial by jury in the Vice-Admiralty courts.
		When the Stamp Act Congress convened in New York City, New York on October 7, 1765, the first event associated with this meeting was that a President of this body, Timothy Ruggles, was elected to preside over the affairs that were to be conducted by this congress.
		In a setting for a Continental Congress that was created in an emergency, that was endowed with little or no authority, and that was plagued by rapid changes of delegate attendees, it is the deeds of these first executives that helped the nation to survive during its struggle in adversity.
	www2.xlibris.com /bookstore/bookdisplay.asp?bookid=12975 (1848 words)

	Albany New York Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1664 the Dutch surrendered the area to the British and in 1686 Albany as a city began.
		The Albany Congress (1754) helped unite the colonist with the Iroquois Indians against the French and was a precursor to the Declaration of Independence.
		Basically the Albany area is old and stoic and that is one of the multitude of reason why I no longer live there.
	home1.gte.net /res0nyz9/albany/albany_new_york_area.htm (139 words)

	The Albany Herald ... We're All About You!
		ALBANY — While a nationwide salmonella outbreak has been linked to a peanut butter manufacturer in Sylvester, officials in the peanut industry say that peanuts and peanut products, such as peanut butter, are still safe to eat.
		ALBANY — Proposed changes to the rules regarding cost limits for public health providers likely means fewer charity dollars will come to Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital.
		ALBANY — Among the guest speakers who spoke at the Albany Area’s Chamber of Commerce 97th annual meeting Thursday night were Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton, and Rodney Dangerfield.
	albanyherald.net /front.html (2922 words)

	The Albany Plan - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		Though the Albany Congress was to be about Indian affairs and trade, several of the delegations were sent with instructions to investigate a union of the colonies.
		On July 10, the plan was laid before the congress, which accepted it and referred it to the colonial governments and to the King.
		For tho' after many Days thorough Discussion of all its Parts in Congress it was unanimously agreed to, and Copies ordered to be sent to the Assembly of each Province for Concurrence, and one to the Ministry in England for the Approbation of the Crown.
	www.usconstitution.net /albany.html (1338 words)

	Capital News 9 \| 24 Hour Local News \| HEADLINES \| Church goes back in time
		Saint Peter's Episcopal Church in downtown Albany is celebrating the 250th anniversary of the Albany Congress of 1754.
		The Congress went on from June 19 to July 11.
		Albany was the site for the Congress because it was the usual meeting place for the Indian Commissioners of New York.
	www.capitalnews9.com /content/headlines/?ArID=80220&SecID=33 (142 words)

	The Albany Congress, 1754
		In 1754 the British government asked colonial representatives to meet in Albany, New York, to develop a treaty with Native Americans and plan the defense of the colonies against France.
		Exceeding these limited objectives, the assembly adopted a plan developed by Benjamin Franklin for government of the colonies by a central executive and a council of delegates.
		Although rejected by England and the colonies, the Albany Plan became a useful guide in the years leading up to the Revolutionary War.
	www.aoc.gov /cc/art/cox_corr/g_exp/albany.cfm (163 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / Benjamin Franklin’s Grand Design
		En route to Albany in 1754 Franklin stopped off in New York City to discuss with his friend Kennedy and with James Alexander, a noted colonial attorney and long a leader of the anti-prerogative forces, the refurbished plan of union which he had first evolved, at Kennedy’s prompting, three years earlier.
		In fact, the “Plan of Union” as it was finally adopted at the Albany Congress was essentially based upon the “Short Hints Towards a Scheme for Uniting the Northern Colonies,” which Franklin had prepared in advance of the congress and talked over with Kennedy and Alexander.
		The Northwest Territory Ordinance of 1787, in which Congress set up a government for the territories and laid down principles for the admission of new states, was a triumph for the federal dreamers at Albany.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1956/2/1956_2_4_print.shtml (4035 words)

	Albany Congress — Infoplease.com
		Albany in the life trajectory of Robert H. Jackson.(Testimonial)
		Building upon cultural capital: Thomas Jefferson Ferguson and the Albany enterprise academy in Southeast Ohio, 1863-1886.
		Hugh R. Jones lecture at Albany Law School.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0803052.html (253 words)

	Stamp Act Congress
		The Stamp Act Congress was another step in the process of attempted common problem-solving, which had most recently been tried in the Albany Congress in 1754.
		The congress was a forum for voicing constitutional concerns, not a rallying point for revolution and independence.
		Act Congress â” 1765 IN CONGRESS IN NEW YORK October, 1765 The members of this Congress, sincerely devoted, with the warmest sentiments of affection and duty to His Majesty's Person and Government, inviolably attached to the present happy...
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1221.html (461 words)

	The Albany Congress
		Like William Penn's Plan of Union of 1697, Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of 1754 was an attempt to solve problems faced by the Colonist and came about as a result of war over Empire.
		This war, an extension of the War of the Austrian Succession, is known as King George's War in the Colonies.
		The Albany Congress was a success in that the Iroquois Confederacy became allies with the English during the French and Indian War, which broke out in 1754.
	www.history1700s.com /articles/article1003.shtml (457 words)

	Amazon.com: Indians and Colonists at the Crossroads of Empire: The Albany Congress of 1754: Books: Timothy J. Shannon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Challenging the received wisdom that has equated the Congress and the plan of colonial union it produced with the origins of American independence, Shannon demonstrates conclusively the Congress's importance in the wider context of Britain's eighteenth-century Atlantic empire.
		Far from serving as a dress rehearsal for the Constitutional Convention, the Albany Congress marked, for colonists and Iroquois alike, a passage from an independent, commercial pattern of intercultural relations to a hierarchical, bureaucratic imperialism wielded by a distant authority.
		Far from serving as a dress rehearsal for the Constitutional Convention, the Albany Congress marked, for colonists and Iroquois alike, a passage from an independent, commercial pattern of intercultural relations to a hierarchical, bureaucratic imperialism controlled by a distant authority."--BOOK JACKET.
	www.amazon.com /Indians-Colonists-Crossroads-Empire-Congress/dp/0801488184 (1299 words)

	Albany Plan of Union (1754)
		Aware of the strains that war would put on the colonies, English officials suggested a "union between ye Royal, Proprietary and Charter Governments."1 At least some colonial leaders were thinking along the same lines.
		In June 1754 delegates from most of the northern colonies and representatives from the Six Iroquois Nations met in Albany, New York.
		Robert C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and the Plan of Union of 1754 (1955).
	www.constitution.org /bcp/albany.htm (1099 words)

	AIHA Commemorates 250th Anniversary of Albany Congress with Special Lecture by Leading Historian
		In the early summer of 1754, delegates from the British colonies and Iroquois nations gathered in Albany for a treaty conference at the outbreak of the French and Indian War.
		Shannon argues that the drafting of the Albany Plan borrowed its model of constitutional union not from the Iroquois but from the colonial delegates’ British cousins.
		Timothy Shannon, Ph.D. is Associate Professor of History at Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA. A graduate of Brown University, he holds a PhD in American History from Northwestern University.
	www.albanyinstitute.org /news/shannon.htm (275 words)

	Mississippi's American History Scholars Program
		The Albany Congress met in Albany New York from June 19 to
		Albany Congress himself, he knows from past experience that an
		What difference is the Albany Congress going to make to the daily life of your reader?
	www.usm.edu /msamericanhistoryscholars/kathylocke.htm (538 words)

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