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Topic: Albany movement

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	Albany, Georgia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Albany lies in a belt of rich farmland in the East Gulf coastal plain on the banks of the Flint River.
		Albany later became a railroad hub and there is an exhibit on trains at the Thronateeska Heritage Center, which is located at the old railroad station.
		Albany is the home of a not-for-profit regional health system with a 26 county cachement area with Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital [2] at its hub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albany,_Georgia (1610 words)

	King Encyclopedia
		Although the Albany Movement was successful in mobilizing massive protests during December 1961 and the following summer, it secured few concrete gains due to the jailing of hundreds of protesters.
		Building on the sit-ins of 1960 and the Freedom Rides of 1961, the Albany Movement aimed to end all forms of racial segregation in the city, focusing primarily on bus and train stations, libraries, parks, hospitals, buses, jury representation, public and private employment, and police brutality.
		Albany police chief Laurie Pritchett, aware that violence would bring negative publicity, responded to the demonstrations with large-scale arrests, while refraining from brutality that would attract negative publicity.
	www.stanford.edu /group/King/about_king/encyclopedia/albany_movement.htm (838 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Albany Movement
		movement in the modern civil rights era to have as its goal the desegregation of an entire community, and it resulted in the jailing of more than 1,000 African Americans in Albany and surrounding rural counties.
		When told as a chapter in the history of the national civil rights movement, Albany was important because of King's involvement and because of the lessons he learned that he would soon apply in Birmingham, Alabama.
		From Albany, SNCC workers and others led protest actions in nearby Americus and Moultrie, and African Americans in other southwest Georgia towns and counties were inspired to challenge their local white power structures.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1057 (1377 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Slater King (1927-1969)
		Elected vice president of the movement when it officially formed on December 17, 1961, King participated fully in the movement's activities and was jailed for his participation.
		Because of the boycott nine of the Albany Movement's leaders, including King and William Anderson, were charged with conspiring to obstruct justice.
		After the height of the Albany Movement in the early 1960s, the battle for freedom and equality remained a constant struggle for fls, but King's letters reflect his effort to acquaint the wider world with the struggle in Albany.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2552 (1138 words)

	History at a Glance
		Albany was spared any bloody battles, but the war touched the city in many other ways.
		Albany was declared a national disaster, and with the ensuring federal aid would again recover.
		The Albany Downtown Riverfront Master Plan, developed under the auspices of Albany Tomorrow, Inc., was designed to pack the center of the community with diverse activities and destinations that will be an irresistible draw to residents and visitors alike.
	www.albanyga.com /cvb/history.html (1940 words)

	The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr.: The Albany Movement
		Albany, Georgia, was a distillation of the tensions and conflicts straining the social fabric of the contemporary South.
		We are calling upon all members and supporters of the Albany Movement to pray for their brothers in the Negro community who have not yet found their way to the nonviolent discipline during this Day of Penance.
		Albany city officials were quick to recognize that the watching and concerned millions across the nation would sense the moral righteousness of our conduct.
	www.stanford.edu /group/King/publications/autobiography/chp_16.htm (5950 words)

	waters1
		The civil rights movement in Albany is perhaps the most famous civil rights episode in South Georgia's history.
		Albany had an ample supply of intelligent, successful, and passionate fl leaders who put everything on the line for equality.
		Sherrod was extremely ambitious, which is obvious through his plan to end segregation by filling the jails: a process by which waves of protesters would be arrested leading to overcrowded jails, ideally causing local officials to address and change segregation laws in the city.
	books.valdosta.edu /arch/research/waters1.html (725 words)

	Veterans of Hope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The mission of the Mt. Zion Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum is to commemorate the 1960s Civil Rights Movement in Albany and southwest Georgia so that it serves as an educational resource for the community, the nation, and the world.
		She was a leader in the Albany Movement and director of Head Start of Southwest Georgia -- one of the first networks of publicly funded daycare centers for African American children in the state.
		Pereira, who received her religious training at oldest extant Candomblé temple in Brazil (Casa Branca), is on the forefront of the movement to affirm the value of African religions in Brazil and to increase inter-religious dialogue among participants in various faiths represented among the Brazilian populace.
	www.veteransofhope.org /section4_connections/connection_2c.htm (3310 words)

	Moving forward by recalling the past
		The Southwest Georgia Civil Rights Movement had its origins in 1865 with the destruction of slavery at the end of the Civil War, but it was a hundred years later before Southwest Georgia experienced a real civil rights revolution.
		The civil rights movement began in the cities, and the first Southwest Georgia city to experience a severe challenge to the Jim Crow system was the biggest and most progressive trade center in the region, Albany.
		In August 1962, at the time of the Albany Movement, the Shady Grove Baptist Church was firebombed four days after SNCC workers had conducted a voter registration meeting there.
	members.surfsouth.com /~mtzion/movementhistory.htm (2334 words)

	Albany 1961
		Albany came to the forefront of the civil rights movement in 1961
		Albany’s city authorities refused to desegregate the bus station despite pressure from the Attorney-General, Robert Kennedy.
		Albany was recognised as a major defeat by the civil rights movement.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /albany_1961.htm (378 words)

	This Far by Faith . 1946-1966: from CIVIL RIGHTS to BLACK POWER \| PBS
		Since the NAACP and SNCC had different means to their ends, an umbrella group - the Albany Movement, a coalition of fl civic improvement organizations - formed to organize mass marches and boycotts against segregation.
		The movement had relied on media images of police brutalizing protestors to sway public opinion; however, in Albany, their task was complicated by the city's chief of police, Laurie Pritchett, who responded instead by arresting demonstrators nonviolently.
		The Albany movement proved the success of certain strategies, but also highlighted the limitations of nonviolent action.
	www.pbs.org /thisfarbyfaith/journey_4/p_4.html (462 words)

	[No title]
		Gentlemen : The Albany Movement came into being as a result of repeated denials of redress for inadequacies and wrongs, and finally, for the refusal to even consider petitions which have been presented to your group from as far back as 1957.
		Letter from Albany Merchant Leonard Gilberg to Albany Police Chief Laurie Pritchett July 23, 1962 One of the Albany Movement's tactics was to mount a boycott against many downtown white businesses in the hope that pressure on the pocketbook would achieve what appeals to whites' consciences had not produced.
		But in December 1956 the movement entered a new phase, and took on the character it was to retain --- of a movement of people putting their bodies into a challenge to the system.
	www.wku.edu /~alan.anderson/102/Reading/102NoEasyWalk.doc (8845 words)

	We Shall Overcome -- Mount Zion Baptist Church
		The a cappella singing that became the trademark and the unifying force of the civil rights movement was introduced at this church by three student "Freedom Singers"--Ruth A. Harris, Bernice Johnson, and Cordell Reagon.
		Zion also hosted many of the mass meetings of the ill-fated "Albany Movement"--a coalition of community groups formed in October 1961 after a sit-in in the "whites-only" section of the Trailways Bus Terminal.
		For example, some student leaders thought King was too "nonviolent" and his aides too "high-handed." By late 1962 much of the tension had eased, but the Albany Movement was inactive and the town still segregated.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/civilrights/g3.htm (341 words)

	Rick Bragg, A Freedom-Movement Casualty, Living Confined
		The legend of Rosa Parks, a living legend of the civil rights movement after the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott, was born in such a way.
		The Albany Movement had not even planned a boycott or sit-in on city buses on Jan. 12.
		Her arrest moved the leaders of the movement to boycott the city's bus lines, which largely served fl people.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/45a/634.html (1547 words)

	Civil Rights Movement and Black Power
		Although precipitated by the arrest of Rosa Parks, the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-1965 was actually a collective response to decades of intimidation, harrasment,and discrimination of Alabama's African American population.
		One of the largest failures was the Albany Movement lead by Martin Luther King Jr.
		This movement took place in Albany in 1961 and originated as a voter regisrtation project for the town and ended up attempting to desegregate the community instead.
	www.uri.edu /students/amcc1907 (654 words)

	The HistoryMakers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Albany students tested the Interstate Commerce Commission's ruling to bar segregated interstate bus and train stations by sitting in Whites-only waiting rooms in a nearby bus station on this date.
		The Albany Movement was formed on this date in Albany, Georgia.
		Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Reverend Ralph Abernathy and others speak at a rally held in Albany, Georgia during the Albany Movement against racial discrimination and the desegregation of public facilities.
	www.thehistorymakers.com /timeline/index.asp?string=1961 (641 words)

	Albany courthouse named for Fisk alumnus - Saturday, 11/09/02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		King, an Albany native whose initials stood for Chevene Bowers, graduated from Fisk in 1949 at the age of 25.
		When an all-white jury convicted him of dodging the draft in 1961 and a federal judge sentenced him to 18 months in prison, he fled to England and was unable to re-enter the United States until his pardon.
		Several judges and attorneys who were mentored by King attended the ceremony, as did veterans of the Albany Movement, an important episode in fl people's fight for equality.
	www.tennessean.com /government/archives/02/11/25067158.shtml (1259 words)

	Mt. Zion Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum
		At the time the movement started in the late 1950s, it was not at all clear that such defiance would eventually produce positive change.
		Many of the protests during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s were directed at the police because of their role in enforcing segregation.
		The movement was an assertion of the power that "ordinary" people could wield and of their ability to transcend and defy the customs of the time, even so strong a tradition as Jim Crow.
	members.surfsouth.com /~mtzion (1479 words)

	America Past and Present Online - Charles Sherrod, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Memorandum (1961)
		The Albany we found in October when we came down as SNCC field workers was quite different from the Albany we now know.
		Albany is known by its people to be "liberal." Located in the center of such infamous counties as "Terrible Terrell," "Dogging Douglas," "Unmitigated Mitchell," "Lamentable Lee," "Unbearable Baker," and the "Unworthy Worth County." It stands out as the only metropolitan area of any prominence in Southwest Georgia.
		The Albany Movement soon grew to the statue of "Spokesman" for the "Negro" community; a representative social unit with extraordinary powers of negotiations had been born.
	occawlonline.pearsoned.com /bookbind/pubbooks/divine5e/medialib/timeline/docs/sources/theme_primarysources_Civil_Rights_21.html (1918 words)

	PBS VIDEOdatabase Resource: Eyes on The Prize: Who Shall Lead?, 1962 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the spring of 1961, SNCC workers arrived in Albany, Georgia, to organize local African-Americans to fight against segregation there.
		In Albany, King said, "The most potent weapon available to oppressed people as they struggle for freedom and justice is the weapon of nonviolence." Why didn't the nonviolent approach work in Albany?
		Albany's chief of police tried to checkmate the movement at every turn.
	pbsvideodb.pbs.org /resources/eyes/less_05.html (385 words)

	Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement Veterans -- McCree Harris
		A veteran of the Albany civil rights movement, McCree Harris served the city she loved for more than 40 years as an educator, activist and political consultant.
		An activist in the civil rights movement, Harris was instrumental in the creation of Albany's museum at Old Mount Zion Church.
		ALBANY - McCree L. Harris, an educator, civil rights activist, political consultant and lifelong resident of Albany, said in September that she'd "enjoyed every minute" of her long service to the city she loved.
	www.crmvet.org /mem/mharris.htm (873 words)

	John White, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Civil Rights Movement in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The movement had its greatest impact in the South, where under the inspirational and unifying leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., African-Americans (and their white allies) employed the tactics of “non-violent” confrontation against the enforcers of racial segregation and white supremacy.
		Uninformed about the situation in Albany, King and the SCLC were shrewdly outmanoeuvered by police chief Laurie Prichett, who exercised restraint against the protectors and, on several occasions, arranged for King’s release from jail, thus depriving the protest of vital publicity, and precluding any prospect of federal intervention.
		Although the Chicago Freedom Movement ostensibly succeeded in persuading Daley to concede an open housing agreement with the city’s real estate and banking interests, it achieved little in practice, and was disavowed by Daley after his election to a fourth term of office in 1967.
	www.baas.ac.uk /resources/pamphlets/pamphdets.asp?id=21&print=yes (12542 words)

	Reporting Civil Rights: Perspectives on Reporting: Peter de Lissovoy - Returning to Georgia
		Peter de Lissovoy was a SNCC campaign worker in Albany, Georgia, in 1963, and a speechwriter and advance man for C. King's congressional campaign from southwest Georgia in 1964.
		His life from then was the Movement, and he was a rare man in and contributor to the Movement in that he had an uncanny rapport with all elements, fl and white, middle-class and poor, student and farmer.
		Seeing Randy and Jake and reminiscing about the Great Pool Jump of 1963 in Albany now suggests to me an observation about SNCC and the Civil Rights Movement that certainly was never made at the time, and perhaps has not been made in just the way I would like to make it.
	www.reportingcivilrights.org /perspectives/delissovoy.jsp (2109 words)

	Albany
		The University at Albany Archives was established in 1971 to document the history of the University at Albany, SUNY from its origin in 1844 as the New York State Normal School to train teachers for New York State to its present status as a comprehensive research university.
		The Albany Central Federation of Labor was organized on June 8, 1888 by workers in the Capital District.
		The Albany Typographical Union is the oldest union in the New York State Capital District and represents compositors in the newspaper and commercial printing trades.
	library.albany.edu /speccoll/albany.htm (8267 words)

	Feature Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In discussing the role of the civil rights movement in the broader context of American history, Young offered this thought: "The problem is that we have allowed the press to make the movement a fl movement.
		The Albany Movement of the early '60s marked the first and only time a federal court would rule against Martin Luther King, Jr.
		My father was active in the movement and became the first fl to run for the Albany City Commission.
	www.georgiatrend.com /site/page7474.html (2607 words)

	William G. Anderson
		Dr. Anderson is a graduate of the University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences in Des Moines, Iowa and is certified in general surgery.
		During this time, he was a founder and first president of the Albany Movement, which spearheaded the Civil Rights Movement in southwest Georgia.
		Because there was a city hospital in Albany, there were no private hospitals.
	www.med.umich.edu /haahc/Oralbios/anderson.htm (970 words)

	Peace, Civil Rights, and the Search for Community: Chapter 19
		As one person put it, "If Slater had been white, he would have been the mayor of Albany." The police chief, known as the toughest chief in the South, arrested the marchers on grounds that they were violating a local law against "racial mixing." All thirty went on a fast in jail.
		For Slater, this was the first victory he, as head of the Albany movement, had tasted, and it helped open him to the idea of a Gramdan movement in the South.
		Members of the Zionist movement familiar with Henry George (author of Progress and Poverty) had established the Jewish National Fund around 1890 to purchase land from Arab land owners in Israel and lease it to Zionists who were coming to set up kibbutzim (cooperatives) and moshavim (villages) in Israel at that time.
	www.schumachersociety.org /about/biographies/swann_autobiography/swann19.html (1129 words)

	UpstateBlog: A Suozzi candidacy and the reform-Albany movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		UpstateBlog: A Suozzi candidacy and the reform-Albany movement
		An editorial in the Albany Times Union welcomes Nassau County Executive Thomas Suozzi to the race for the Democratic nomination, arguing that it will bring a welcome focus to the need to reform what Albany does and how..
		Suozzi's political committee, called "Fix Albany," has barely made a dent in state politics, and that the Democratic gubernatorial candidate has exaggerated the influence his committee has had in getting insurgent state lawmakers elected.
	www.upstateblog.net /weblog/archives/2006/02/a_suozzi_candid.php (1151 words)

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