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	Albert Calmette (1863-1933)
		Del círculo de Louis Pasteur y su Instituto, Albert Calmette destacó por aunar tres cualidades: ser buen investigador de laboratorio, un buen administrador y un gran estratega.
		Calmette poseía una formación militar y hay que tener en cuenta la estrecha conexión que hubo entre el desarrollo de la salud pública colonial en Indochina y los intereses políticos y militares franceses.
		Calmette tuvo que soportar acontecimientos trágicos a lo largo de su carrera (la guerra, el apresamiento de su mujer, el asesinato de su hermano…), pero el que le afectó de forma más dramática fue el asunto de Lubeck (1930-32).
	www.historiadelamedicina.org /calmette.html (7849 words)

	Albert Calmette - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Léon Charles Albert Calmette (July 12, 1863 – October 29, 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, and an important officer of the Pasteur Institute.
		He was the brother of Gaston Calmette (1858-1914), the editor of Le Figaro who was murdered in 1914 by Henriette Caillaux, socialite wife of Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux.
		Calmette, L.C.A. The treatment of animals poisoned with snake venom by the injection of anti-venomous serum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albert_Calmette (758 words)

	Pioneers in Med Lab Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Calmette soon found that the work of the Lille Insatute, and his research into the development of attenuated live vaccine in accordance with Pasteur's practice, required the services of a trained veterinarian for the maintenance of a stock of experimental animals, mostly bovine.
		Leon Charles Albert Calmette was born in Nice in 1863, the son of a lawyer.
		Calmette did not abandon his ambition to enter the navy and after a period of recuperation was accepted for training as a naval physician.
	www.hoslink.com /pioneers.htm (12246 words)

	Léon Charles Albert Calmette (www.whonamedit.com)
		In 1899 Calmette, among others, was sent to Portugal, where an epidemic of bubonic plague threatened to spread.
		Calmette resigned from his chair as teacher of bacteriology and hygiene in Lille, to devote himself completely to research on tuberculosis.
		In 1908 Calmette demonstrated on cattle that small doses of injected bovine bacilli produce accumulations in the mesenterium, and that this did not cause disease.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2413.html (7136 words)

	1918-1932
		Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin introduce a living non-virulent strain of tuberculosis (BCG) to immunize against the disease.
		Albert Jan Kluyver publishes an article "Unity and Diversity in the Metabolism of Micro-organisms" that demonstrates common metabolic events occur in different microbes.
		Albert Jan Kluyver and Hendrick Jean Louis Donker propose a universal model for metabolic events in cells based on a transfer of hydrogen atoms.
	www.asm.org /MemberShip/index.asp?bid=17441 (1241 words)

	Albert Calmette - Histoire et biographie - Mise au point du BCG
		A partir de 1904, Albert Calmette et Camille Guérin ont poursuivi la recherche qui a aboutit à la mise au point du BCG nous protégeant de la tuberculose.
		Albert Calmette fut nommé sous-directeur de l'Institut Pasteur à Paris en 1918.
		Découverte du Bacille Bilié Calmette et Guérin (BCG) grâce à la ténacité de Camille Guérin qui entretient, sans se décourager, pendant 13 années, le bacille tuberculeux émulsionné avec de la bile de boeuf.
	www.pasteur-lille.fr /fr/accueil/histoire/albert_calmette.htm (390 words)

	Where do I find Albert Calmette information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		LÃ©on Charles Albert Calmette (July 12, 1863 â“ October 29, 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist und immunologist, und an officer of the Pasteur Institute.
		Upon her reappearance to France in 1890, Calmette met Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) und Emile Roux (1853-1933), who was her professor in a scheme on bacteriology.
		Calmette's foremost accurate work, which was to buck him common honor und her compellation permanently sumed to the bygone times of medicine was the attempt to mellow a vaccine against tuberculosis, which, at the time, was a giant killer disease.
	en.card-lot.info /Albert_Calmette (1076 words)

	Albert Calmette (1863-1933)
		Albert Calmette a fondé l'Institut Pasteur de Saïgon ainsi que l'Institut Pasteur de Lille dont il est nommé directeur en janvier 1895.
		Albert Calmette est né le 12 juillet 1863 à Nice.
		Albert Calmette décède le 29 octobre 1933 à Paris.
	www.medarus.org /Medecins/MedecinsTextes/calmette_albert.htm (1060 words)

	Albert CALMETTE (1863-1933)
		Albert CALMETTE entra à 18 ans à l'école de santé de la marine de Brest.
		Calmette y développa ses travaux sur les venins de cobra.
		En 1919, Albert CALMETTE quitta Lille pour devenir le sous-directeur de l'Institut Pasteur de Paris.
	www.chru-lille.fr /chru-musee2/Memoire/Medecins/7405.asp (291 words)

	Calmette Albert - Risultati della ricerca - MSN Encarta
		Calmette Albert - Risultati della ricerca - MSN Encarta
		Calmette, Albert (Nizza 1863 - Parigi 1933), medico e batteriologo francese, scopritore del vaccino contro la tubercolosi.
		Nel 1924 i batteriologi francesi Albert Calmette e Camille Guérin...
	it.encarta.msn.com /Calmette_Albert.html (68 words)

	BCG
		BCG stands for Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin vaccine against tuberculosis that is prepared from a strain of the attenuated cow tuberculosis bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis that have lost their virulence by specially culturing in artificial medium for years.
		It was prepared for the first time at the Pasteur Institute[?] in Paris in 1906 by Albert Calmette[?] and Camille Guerin[?].
		The BCG vaccination should be given intradermally by a nurse skilled in the technique.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bc/BCG.html (186 words)

	Bladder Cancer WebCafe
		Albert Calmette 1863-1933: founder of antivenomous serotherapy and of antituberculous BCG vaccination
		In 1895, now in Lille at the second daughter institute that he established, Calmette produced anticobra serum for therapeutic use that was to revolutionize the treatment of snakebite worldwide.
		In response, firstly he organized an antituberculous dispensary to provide assistance to the sick and help limit the spread of the disease by improving social hygiene and secondly he devoted himself, with the assistance of Camille Guerin, to obtaining an attenuated live strain of tubercle bacilli with fixed biological characteristics for use as a vaccine.
	blcwebcafe.org /bcghistory.asp (309 words)

	Charles Albert — FactMonster.com
		Because he had not been entirely unsympathetic to the revolutionary movement of 1821 in Sardinia, Charles Albert developed an ambiguous political reputation prior to acceding to the throne in 1831.
		Reviled by the Milanese for his failures, and under strong political pressure from the Italian nationalists in Turin, Charles Albert denounced the armistice and, with an army of 80,000 men, attacked the Austrians in Mar., 1849.
		Léon Charles Albert Calmette - Calmette, Léon Charles Albert, 1863–1933, French physician and bacteriologist.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0811473.html (341 words)

	TIME.com: "Wolf! Wolf!"? -- Jul 7, 1924 -- Page 1
		In Paris, Professor Albert Calmette, Assistant Director of the Pasteur Institute, "a man of eminence and discretion," stepped to the lectern of the Academy of Medicine.
		From his quiet, austere laboratory Calmette had brought with him papers that were the fruit of 20 years' patient inconspicuous labor.
		Calmette did not claim curative powers for his vaccine where tuberculosis is already present in an organism.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,718711,00.html (613 words)

	The Pasteur Institute
		It is also all those scientists who, after having trained at the Pasteur Institute, were scattered across the globe to study the most widely differing diseases in the field, and who, on the spot, established centres which operated according to the principles they had been taught in Paris.
		Calmette was director of the Pasteur Institue in Lille from 1895 to 1919.
		This is what Calmette said on the subject: "During the month of October 1891, in the rainy season, the Bac Lien village, which lies in lower Cochinchina, was attacked by a swarm of venomous reptiles belonging to a species known as the Capel Cobra.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/medicine/articles/jacob (2368 words)

	Albert Calmette (1863-1933)
		Prácticamente desarrolló toda su actividad junto con Calmette, y se centró en el desarrollo de la vacuna contra la tuberculosis.
		En 1895, a consecuencia de una visita del Consejo municipal de Higiene de Lille, se confió a Calmette la misión de organizar un instituto de sueroterapia y de investigación microbiológica en la industriosa ciudad de Lille.
		En 1921, como hemos dicho, Calmette y Guérin llegaron a obtener una cepa de bacilos atenuados capaz de conferir la inmunidad.
	www.historiadelamedicina.org /guerin.html (1984 words)

	ASNOM - Colonial Health Service and Overseas Pasteur Institutes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		At the same time, a senior colonial physician, Albert Calmette*, follows lectures on microbiology given at the Pasteur Institute by Emile Roux.
		When in 1880 Albert Calmette* began his studies at the Naval School of Medicine in Brest, it was still thought that diseases such as Malaria and Yellow Fever that he, helpless and disappointed, had to contend with on board the Hospital Ship Alceste, in the remote countryside of Gabon, had a telluric origin.
		It is once again in Lille that the Chief Physician Calmette cultivates, with the collaboration of Guérin, a bacillus to be found in cattle suffering from tuberculosis and treated with bile.
	www.asnom.org /en/710_css_et_instituts_pasteur.html (2059 words)

	July 12 - Today In Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Using a formula he derived, Dushman calculated the conductances for cylindrical tubes based on their measured dimensions and produced the table which he included in the book that is still used to design a vacuum system.
		Albert Calmette was a French doctor and bacteriologist, born in Nice.
		Calmette studied the venoms of the snakes and anti-venomous serotherapy.
	www.todayinsci.com /7/7_12.htm (2239 words)

	Untitled Document
		In 1921, at the end of sixteen years of research, bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) of Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin, the Pasteur Institute, is used by Benjamin Weill-Hallé to vaccinate the first human baby by oral way.
		In 1927, Calmette affirms a mortality of 0,8% of mortality in the vaccinated children, against 24% at not-vaccinated between 0 and 1 year.
		Major Greenwood, professor of epidemiology at the university of London, and Arvid Wallgren, professor of pediatry in Stockholm, dispute the mortality of 24% which seems exorbitant, and suppose that the mortality of 0,8% is codéterminée by other factors, like the insulation of the children of their family lasting at least a month.
	www.alternativehealth.co.nz /vacines/bcg.htm (1057 words)

	The Pasteur Institute
		Albert Delaunay is professor emeritus at the Pasteur Institute in Paris.
		In 1992, two members of the Pasteur Institute, Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin, developed a vaccine against tuberculosis by using an avirulent strain of the organism causing the disease.
		This vaccine was replaced by the more effective "live" polio vaccine perfected by Albert Sabin.
	www.worldandi.com /public/1987/october/ns3.cfm (2568 words)

	Tuberculosis - MSN Encarta
		The German microbiologist Robert Koch discovered the causative organism, the tubercle bacillus, in 1882; in 1890 he developed the tuberculin test for diagnosis of the disease.
		In 1924 a vaccine, called the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine, for individuals exposed to tuberculosis, was developed by the French bacteriologists Albert Léon Calmette and Camille Guérin.
		The first specific drug for tuberculosis became available when, in 1944, the American microbiologist Selman Abraham Waksman discovered streptomycin.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576449/Tuberculosis.html (522 words)

	Pasteur Street (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1893, Calmette came down with severe dysentery and had to leave his unfinished task to Alexandre Yersin who discovered the Liangbiang Plateau and founded the Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang.
		During his stay in Vietnam, Calmette had successfully developed vaccines for smallpox and rabies, sterilized the city’s water supply and was working to make a serum for copperhead poisoning under the most difficult of circumstances.
		Tow sculptures of Pasteur and Calmette solemnly stand amid the carefully trimmed green garden in the institute today, and documents show that the two Pasteur institute in Saigon and Nha Trang were most active in protecting people’s health in Indochina.
	www.saigontoday.net /HTML/Streets_of_Saigon/Pasteur.htm (1195 words)

	timelinescience - 1901 to 1925
		Albert Einstein provides a mathematical explanation of Brownian motion.
		Albert Einstein completes his general theory of relativity - he has been working on it since 1911.
		In France Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin develop tuberculosis vaccine - the BCG still given in schools today.
	www.timelinescience.org /years/1925.htm (1082 words)

	AllRefer.com - LEon Charles Albert Calmette (Medicine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - LEon Charles Albert Calmette (Medicine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		LEon Charles Albert Calmette[lAON´ shArl Alber´ kAlmet´] Pronunciation Key, 1863–1933, French physician and bacteriologist.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Leon Charles Albert Calmette
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Calmette.html (200 words)

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