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Topic: Alchian

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	Armen A. Alchian
		Armen Alchian was born on April 12, 1914 in Fresno, California.
		Alchian is one of the founding fathers of the "law and economics" school, and in particular what has come to be known as the property rights approach.
		Alchian's work on the theory of organizations continued into the late 1970's as his work with Robert Crawford and Benjamin Klein studied the way in which specific investment creates hold up problems that can be solved in part by vertical integration among business units.
	levine.sscnet.ucla.edu /General/ALCHIAN.HTM (963 words)

	[No title]
		Alchian and Demsetz do not make specific reference to this mode of production although it is undoubtedly the mode of production which their cabinetmaker engages in, and which calls into existence the necessity of a degree of ordinary market contracting.
		Later in the paper (p791) Alchian and Demsetz appear to concede this, and then complicate the issue by introducing the franchising situation in which the owners of the franchises/teams are themselves subject to the dictates of the party which ultimately controls the contracting associated with purchasing the franchise.
		On occasion, Alchian and Demsetz appear willing to concede that there is even the chance that owners themselves may shirk in the performance of their own function, in which case they obviously run the serious risk of a failed business venture.
	les.man.ac.uk /IPA97/papers/roslen43.txt (12303 words)

	Armen A. Alchian
		Although he was at the Rand Corporation and UCLA for most of his career, Alchian's approach to economics has been closely associated with the "Chicago School".
		In his famous 1950 contribution to the "maximization debate" in the theory of the firm, Alchian introduced the "survival" principle of evolution into analyzing market structure: perhaps not all firms consciously maximize profits; but the competitive price mechanism and the market will weed out those who do not.
		Alchian's critique of Keynes's theory of investment (1955) is a classic in investment theory while his work on unemployment (1969) was one of the first to consider the natural rate of unemployment arising from "job search".
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/alchian.htm (513 words)

	An economic tradition - THE DAILY BRUIN ONLINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Alchian, who turned 92 last month, is now in his 60th year at UCLA and ranks among the most respected economists in the country.
		In a hushed, grandfatherly tone, Alchian explained that his proudest achievements as a professor are not the awards he has won, but are instead the classes he has taught and the students who benefit from the books he has written.
		Alchian declined to take much credit for his groundbreaking theories, saying he believes much of the attention he has received is derived from the size and prominence of UCLA.
	www.dailybruin.ucla.edu /news/articles.asp?id=37051 (692 words)

	WZB - Innovation and Organization - The Annotated Bibliography
		Alchian uses monthly data from specific facilities on the number of airframes produced cumulatively by that facility and the number of manhours per unit on site and off site to examine several statistical questions regarding the learning curve or progress function for the airframe industry.
		Alchian examines economic theory (mostly the theory of the firm) from an evolutionary perspective.
		Although Alchian does not deny the role of adaptation by firms to the environment, he makes the convincing argument that the role of adaptation is overstated.
	www.wz-berlin.de /ow/inno/ot_buch/4_2alexstem.en.htm (11436 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For example, Alchian assumes that any diamond novice would be willing to pay up to 20% of the full value of diamonds, which is the value that he would discern if recognition costs were zero, to receive them.
		(Alchian does not specify what the full value is. Rather, he focuses on discounts from that hypothetical full value.) On the other hand, any diamond expert would be willing pay up to 85% of the full value of diamonds to receive them because his recognition costs consume only 15% of their value.
		Alchian assumes that any novice who trades with any expert will avoid his own costs of recognizing what he receives from the expert by accepting the discount that the expert applies when he receives units of the same good received from others.
	www.sbe.csuhayward.edu /~SBESC/alchian.html (2385 words)

	Discovery Factors of Economic Freedom: Respondence, Epiphany, and Serendipity
		Alchian's point was principally methodological: Economists are so caught up in stories of optimization, stories of appropriate adaptation, that they neglect stories of adoption of the appropriate by an evolutionary process of experimentation and selection.
		Alchian's perspective gives the economist a loose framework for explaining the survival of the fittest that includes, and goes beyond, the idea of fit adaptation to survival requirements.
		And Alchian's spawning idea is especially important if discovery depends not only on individual interest, as Kirzner maintains, but also on distinctive talents in perceiving the environment; thus it has been argued that immigrant entrepreneurs sometimes succeed by virtue of their peculiar outlook on things.
	lsb.scu.edu /~dklein/papers/3facets.html (6171 words)

	Armen Alchian, Biography: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Alchian and Allen's textbook was truly a public good, a good that created large benefits for which its creators could not charge.
		And while Alchian played the role of selfish cynic in his class, some who studied under him had the feeling that he put so much care and work into his low-selling text—and into his students—because of his concern for humanity.
		Alchian and Kessel explained that this is what the analysis of property rights would predict.
	www.econlib.org /LIBRARY/Enc/bios/Alchian.html (1079 words)

	Alchian Bio: The Online Library of Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Alchian has become recognized as one of the most influential voices in the areas of market structure, the theory of the firm, law and economics, resource unemployment, monetary theory and monetary policy.
		Armen A. Alchian is one of the 20th century's great teachers of economic science, and the co-author, with William R. Allen, of the classic textbook University Economics.
		He is known as the founder of the "UCLA tradition" in economics, which emphasizes that individual behavior is self-seeking and rational and that this can have many unanticipated consequences.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Intros/Alchian.php (230 words)

	Armen Alchian, Biography: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		In 1950 Alchian presented a thoughtful response to this objection in his first major article, "Uncertainty, Evolution and Economic Theory." Alchian argued that even though all companies may not maximize profits, those that survive will be ones whose managers, by luck or by design, came close to maximizing profits.
		So for the long term at least, argued Alchian, for economists to derive the standard conclusions from the profit-maximization assumption, they do not need to show that all companies try to maximize profits.
		Alchian and Kessel used this analysis to explain why regulated utilities discriminated against Jews and why labor unions discriminated against fls.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/bios/Alchian.html (1079 words)

	85search - A Alchian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Alchian, 1914- Armen Alchian's output may be sparse and informal, but it has been among the most influential.
		The Armen Alchian Chair in Economic Theory is named in honor of Armen A. Alchian, a leader in building the "UCLA tradition" in economic analysis.
		Alchian (born April 12, 1914 in Fresno, California) is the author of a number of works relating to Economics including the article "Uncertainty, Evolution and Economic Theory" JPE (1950)
	www.85search.com /A.Alchian (446 words)

	Liberty Fund, Inc. - Check-In
		In 1950, Armen Alchian published his paper "Uncertainty, Evolution and Economic Theory" (reprinted in this volume), a paper of striking originality, whose importance was immediately perceived and which gained him international recognition.
		Alchian has made important contributions to the economic analysis of inflation and unemployment and to the theory of costs and of the firm.
		Armen A. Alchian is Professor Emeritus of Economics at UCLA.
	www.libertyfund.org /details.asp?displayID=1617 (201 words)

	[No title]
		Most other required readings (denoted by asterisk) have been placed on reserve at the library.
		Those requiring a review might consider purchasing Carl P. Simon and Lawrence Blume, Mathematics for Economists, (W. Norton and Company, 1994) Mastery of this level of mathematics is sufficient for this class.
		* Alchian, "Uncertainty, Evolution and Economic Theory," JPE, June, 1950.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/wew/syllabi/611fall02.html (739 words)

	Upcoming Seminars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Professor Armen Alchian was born on April 12, 1914 in Fresno, California.
		Professor Alchian is widely known to his students and colleagues and others as the founder of the "UCLA tradition" in economics, a tradition that continues to this day.
		It recognizes that "rationality" is the outcome of evolution and learning, and emphasizes the frictions such as uncertainty that act as brakes on individual's ability to make decisions and coordinate with others.
	www.armpolicyresearch.org /ConferencesSeminars/UpcomingSeminars (483 words)

	AbeBooks: Suchergebnisse - Alchian und Exchange And Production
		Alchian, Armen A.; Allen, William R. Anbieter: Corner-Stone Bookshop
		Alchian, Armen A.; allen, William R. Anbieter: The Second Reader Bookshop
		The fl softcover has some wear, including chipping at the edges, sticker residue on the front, several light creases with a larger one on the lower outer back corner, and some shelf rub.
	www.abebooks.de /search/sortby/3/an/Alchian+/tn/+Exchange+And+Production (611 words)

	von Hayek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Armen Alchian, Professor of Economics, UCLA and Friedrich von Hayek, PhD Economics.
		Professor Alchian engages Nobel Prize-winning economist Friedrich von Hayek in reminiscences that provide a uniquely personal and entertaining perspective on von Hayek's life and work.
		Professor Alchian continues to engage Nobel Prize-winning economist Friedrich von Hayek in reminiscences that provide a uniquely personal and entertaining perspective on von Hayek's life and work.
	www.ideachannel.com /shop/shophayek.htm (969 words)

	Our History - Majestic Jewelry & Loan Pawn Shop in Fresno, CA
		His dream was to provide a good living for his family as well as a valuable service to his community.
		Majestic Jewelry and Loan pawn shop flourishes to this day thanks to the Alchian family's dedication to carrying on the dream and their firm commitment to excellence.
		Located in the heart of the fertile San Joaquin Valley, Majestic Jewelry and Loan is a popular and well-visited landmark business serving the community in Fresno's downtown area since 1949.
	www.majesticpawn.com /history.html (580 words)

	Hayek Discussions Abstracts at The Idea Channel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Friedrich von Hayek, Ph.D. Economics and Armen Alchian, Professor of Economics, UCLA (1978) discuss primarily Hayek's years as professor of economics at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) from 1931 through 1949.
		When asked by Alchian what the future might hold in store, Hayek responds that he is pessimistic in the short run, but optimistic in the long run-as long as the politicians do not too greatly interfere.
		The great fear he expresses is that inflation will lead to more government controls, which will lead to the destruction of the market.
	www.ideachannel.com /HayekDiscussionsAbstracts.htm (3490 words)

	Newmark's Door: Signaling, summer camp, and Alchian's model
		Bryan Caplan thinks the signaling model of education is underrated.
		Two years ago I briefly noted Armen Alchian's model of higher education.
		I found it intriguing then, but if it's true that fewer and fewer college students are dating, it's more questionable.
	newmarksdoor.typepad.com /mainblog/2006/02/signaling_summe.html (496 words)

	Alchian ToC: The Online Library of Liberty
		Armen A. Alchian, The Intellectual Portrait Series: A Conversation with Armen A. Alchian (2000)
		Alchian discusses his contribution to economics as the founder of the "UCLA tradition" of economic thought with its emphasis of the rational, self-seeking behavior of individuals.
		He has been associate editor of the scholarly journal, Economic Inquiry, and served on the executive committee of the Western Economic Association.
	oll.libertyfund.org /ToC/0517-22.php (165 words)

	ARMEN_ALCHIAN definition , Term Papers on ARMEN_ALCHIAN by essay 411
		Armen A. Alchian (born 1914) is the author of a number of works relating to Economics including the article "Uncertainty, Evolution and Economic Theory" JPE (1950).
		By Alchian Armen Albert and William R. Allen
		By Armen A. Alchian, James Dehaven, George W. Hilton, M. Bruce Johnson, Herman Kahn, Walter J. Mead, Arnold.
	www.essay411.com /armen-alchian.html (181 words)

	Interactive Johari Window - Describe alchian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		By describing yourself from a fixed list of adjectives, then asking your friends and colleagues to describe you from the same list, a grid of overlap and difference can be built up.
		You are reading this page because alchian wants to know how you'd describe him or her - pick the five or six words from the list below that you think describe alchian the best.
		Ask your alchian if this is their Johari Window.
	kevan.org /johari?name=alchian (181 words)

	Amazon.com: Economic Forces at Work: Books: Armen Albert Alchian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This book collects most of the important papers written by Armen Alchian, who has made great contribution on the development of new institutional economics.
		In my opinion,the most impressive work to me is the paper which clarify the definition of cost.
		It is only Armen Alchian who is willing and has clear concept to write on such important concept but so many people has wrong understanding in what they believe as simple concept.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0913966355?v=glance (598 words)

	Property Rights, by Armen A. Alchian: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Property Rights, by Armen A. Alchian: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		That is a fundamental reason for preference of a system of strong private property rights: private property rights protect individual liberty.
		Armen A. Alchian is an emeritus professor of economics at the University of California, Los Angeles.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/PropertyRights.html (2576 words)

	[No title]
		Alchian, A.A. Alchian, A. Uncertainty, Evolution, and Economic Theory.
		Alchian, A. & Woodward, S. Reflections on the Theory of the Firm.
		Alchian, A. & Demsetz, H. Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization.
	www2.hu-berlin.de /gesint/wlit/VERFASSE/K1-00014.HTM (556 words)

	Some Evidence on the Alchian and Allen Theorem: The Third Law of Demand?
		This paper examines empirically the proposition of Armen Alchian and William Allen (1964) that shipping charges induce consumers to opt for higher quality goods.
		Using a large sample of individual consumption data for football games, they find that buyers who travel the farthest, purchase the best tickets.
		In the end, the authors believe that the Alchian and Allen theorem is so broad and pervasive that it qualifies as the third law of demand.
	ideas.repec.org /a/oup/ecinqu/v31y1993i3p383-93.html (237 words)

	UsingEnglish.com (US): A Alchian Products - Page 1
		~ By Armen Albert Alchian and Daniel K. Benjamin
		~ By Arline Alchian Hoel, Kenneth W. Clarkson and Roger LeRoy Miller
		~ By A. Alchian, W. Baumol, R. Coase, M. Friedman, F. Hayek, Frank Hyneman Knight, A. Sen, H. Simons, G. Tullock and J. Wiseman
	www.usingenglish.com /amazon/us/author/a+alchian.html (92 words)

	Find in a Library: Uncertainty and economic evolution : essays in honor of Armen A. Alchian
		Find in a Library: Uncertainty and economic evolution : essays in honor of Armen A. Alchian
		Uncertainty and economic evolution : essays in honor of Armen A. Alchian
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/2b8da72d3a73cf69a19afeb4da09e526.html (71 words)

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