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	Alcidamas
		Alcidamas, of Elaea, in Aeolis[?], Greek sophist and rhetorician, flourished in the 4th century BC.
		He was the pupil and successor of Gorgias and taught at Athens at the same time as Isocrates, whose rival and opponent he was.
		We possess two declamations under his name: Peri Sofiston, directed against Isocrates and setting forth the superiority of extempore over written speeches (a more recently discovered fragment of another speech against Isocrates is probably of later date); Odusseus, in which Odysseus accuses Palamedes of treachery during the siege of Troy (this is generally considered spurious).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/al/Alcidamas.html (260 words)

	Alcidamas - LoveToKnow 1911
		ALCIDAMAS, of Elaea, in Aeolis, Greek sophist and rhetorician, flourished in the 4th century B.C. He was the pupil and successor of Gorgias and taught at Athens at the same time as Isocrates, whose rival and opponent he was.
		We possess two declamations under his name: Peri Sofiston, directed against Isocrates and setting forth the superiority of extempore over written speeches (a recently discovered fragment of another speech against Isocrates is probably of later date); ''Odusseus, in which Odysseus accuses Palamedes of treachery during the siege of Troy (this is generally considered spurious).
		Lastly, his Mouseion (a word of doubtful meaning) contained the narrative of the contest between Homer and Hesiod, two fragments of which are found in the 'Agon `Omerou Kai `Esiodou, the work of a grammarian in the time of Hadrian.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Alcidamas (272 words)

	Hazel Louise Brown on Alcidamas
		Alcidamas by no means despises writing, but believes that it should be practiced as a "parergon." His case is supported by a series of clearly stated, but not logically connected arguments.
		Alcidamas' statement at the beginning of his work, that his remarks are directed against those who plume themselves on the display of their wisdom through books, and who spend their lives in writing speeches, would surely show that he had Isocrates in mind.
		Alcidamas seems to have in mind chiefly the speakers in the assemblies and law-courts (9; 11; 13; 24).
	classicpersuasion.org /pw/alcidamas/alcihazelbrown.htm (6000 words)

	E. M. Cope on Alcidamas
		I suppose then that the to physikon of Alcidamas was a philosophical treatise written with the same object of his master Gorgias, and employing the same reasoning, viz.
		In this long digression I trust that it has at any rate appeared that Alcidamas was the author of a philosophical work, probably of a similarly sceptical character to that of his master; he likewise imitated, and even outdid him, in the poetical extravagances of his style.
		The first instance given shows that Alcidamas imitated Gorgias as much in the employment of the figures which gave a symmetrical structure to his periods, as in the poetical language by which he was distinguished.
	classicpersuasion.org /pw/alcidamas/alccope.htm (1568 words)

	[No title]
		O'Sullivan hopes to show in the end that Aristophanes also distinguished orators' styles according to the "grand-thin" stylistic opposition, and therefore that the manifestations of this opposition in later rhetorical theory can be seen to have their origin in the rhetorical discourse of the fifth century.
		By analyzing Alcidamas' actual style-- with its preponderance of abstract nouns, redundant words, awkward periphrases, uneven syntax, and the like--and by suggesting that this style is of the sort that someone trained in extemporaneous rhetoric might use, O'Sullivan succeeds in clarifying just where the battle-lines were drawn in the confusing fourth-century controversies over style.
		Moreover, he has shown that framing the issues in terms of an opposition between Homer and Hesiod was probably not Alcidamas' own invention, but rather the legacy of the fifth-century sophists who had already begun to exploit the two poets for their own literary, educational and rhetorical polemics.
	www.infomotions.com /serials/bmcr/bmcr-v4n04-rosen-alcidamas.txt (2737 words)

	Palamedes - LoveToKnow 1911
		The story of Palamedes was first handled in the Cypria of Stasinus, and formed the subject of lost plays by Aeschylus (Palamedes), Sophocles (Nauplius), Euripides (Palamedes), of which some fragments remain.
		Sophists and rhetoricians, such as Gorgias and Alcidamas, amused themselves by writing declamations in favour of or against him.
		Palamedes was regarded as the inventor of the alphabet, lighthouses, weights and measures, dice, backgammon and the discus.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Palamedes (229 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 101 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		ALCIDAMAS ('AAjaSajoeas), a Greek rhetorician, was a native of Elaea in Aeolis, in Asia Minor.
		That the works of Alcidamas bore the strongest marks of this character of his school is stated by Aristotle (JRhct.
		It has therefore been maintained by several critics, that these orations are not the works of Alcidamas; and with regard to the first of them, the supposition is supported by strong probability ; the second may have been written by Alcidamas with a view to counteract the influence of Isocrates.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0110.html (1059 words)

	03-28mui (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Alcidamas was an integral figure in the development of Greek rhetoric in the early fourth century, as is shown by Aristotle's citation of him in the Rhetoric (3.1406a-b) and Cicero's admiration for him.
		Alcidamas has often been condemned, from Aristotle onwards, for his style (for example, over-use of abstract nouns, pleonasm, artificiality in his language, foreign words, muddled sentence construction).
		However, given the background against which Alcidamas was writing and the 'usual' dominance of Gorgias and Isocrates, he deserves to be read and considered a little more seriously.
	www.classics.und.ac.za /reviews/0328mui.htm (921 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Rhetoric by Aristotle
		Alcidamas uses such expressions as 'the soul filling with rage and face becoming flame-flushed', and 'he thought their enthusiasm would be issue-fraught' and 'issue-fraught he made the persuasion of his words', and 'sombre-hued is the floor of the sea'.The way all these words are compounded makes them, we feel, fit for verse only.
		That is why the epithets of Alcidamas seem so tasteless; he does not use them as the seasoning of the meat, but as the meat itself, so numerous and swollen and aggressive are they.
		Alcidamas, again, called philosophy 'a fortress that threatens the power of law', and the Odyssey 'a goodly looking-glass of human life',' talked about 'offering no such toy to poetry': all these expressions fail, for the reasons given, to carry the hearer with them.
	classics.mit.edu /Aristotle/rhetoric.3.iii.html (11090 words)

	Works of Lucian, Vol. IV: A Feast of Lapithae
		Alcidamas is a man uncommonly 'good at the war-cry'; he will bark you louder than any dog of them all, literal or metaphorical; my gentlemen all knew he was their better, and lay low.
		When Alcidamas got it, he was quiet for a while, throwing himself on the ground in dishabille as he had threatened, with his elbow planted vertically, just in the attitude of the painters' Heracles with Pholus.
		Alcidamas stayed where he was; it was impossible to get rid of him, as he had thrown himself down anyhow across a couch and fallen asleep.
	www.sacred-texts.com /cla/luc/wl4/wl428.htm (4684 words)

	[No title]
		I speak not just as one who has laboured in that particular vineyard, but because Isocrates' programmatic statements about prose need to be seen in the context of his rivalry with Alcidamas (compare Evagoras 9 f.
		The second chapter ('The unities of discourse' 36--73) discusses the way in which Isocrates seeks to create a sense of unity in his speeches.
		Useful comparisons are made with the demands of Plato's Phaedrus (but again Alcidamas deserves more than a footnote reference), and Too goes on to argue that Isocrates' mentions of his age and of earlier works are designed to project a sense of a 'corpus' of his work.
	www.infomotions.com /serials/bmcr/bmcr-9602-o'sullivan-.txt (2954 words)

	«Start_Time» - «End_Time»
		Individual papers will representatively sample Alcidamas' range of interests, and the session will culminate with a new presentation of one of the two surviving papyri for the Certamen (Mich.
		Alcidamas and the Politics of Culture (20 mins.)
		Aristophanes’ Frogs, Alcidamas’ Mouseion, and the Contest of Homer and Hesiod (20 mins.)
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/03mtg/FINALPROGRAM2003.html (2202 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Alcidamas (Greek Texts): Books: Alcidamas,John Muir,John V. Muir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		by Alcidamas (Author), John Muir (Editor), John V. Muir (Translator)
		Alcidamas is an important figure in the development of Greek rhetoric early in the fourth century BC.
		Pupil of Gorgias, rival of Isocrates, and teacher of Aeschines, he also influenced Demosthenes and was later admired by both Aristotle and Cicero.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Alcidamas-Greek-Texts/dp/1853996106 (428 words)

	BMCR-L: BMCR 2001.10.12 Muir (ed.), Alcidamas, The Works & Fragments
		Neil O'Sullivan, Alcidamas, Aristophanes and the Beginnings of Greek Stylistic Theory.
		If one looked at the OCD entry on Alkidamas, at least in the third edition, she or he would not even know that such a text is preserved under Alkidamas' name.
		There is another translation by Patricia P. Matsen in P. Matsen, R. Rollinson, and M. Sousa, eds., Readings from Classical Rhetoric (Carbondale, IL 1990) 38-42 which should be used with caution.
	164.107.4.25 /mailing_lists/BMCR-L/2001/0282.php (1095 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Reggio di Calabria
		Inscriptions and coins show that it was a flourishing republic, and was governed by the laws given by Charondas to Catania (640).
		About the close of the sixth century B.C., Alcidamas became tyrant of the city, and his son Anaxilas planned to obtain control of all Graecia Magna, but was unsuccessful.
		He was more fortunate in his attack on Zancle in Sicily, which he named Messana (Messina).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12717a.htm (682 words)

	Find in a Library: Alcidamas, Aristophanes, and the beginnings of Greek stylistic theory
		Find in a Library: Alcidamas, Aristophanes, and the beginnings of Greek stylistic theory
		Alcidamas, Aristophanes, and the beginnings of Greek stylistic theory
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/d60dbe607cbf7819a19afeb4da09e526.html (87 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.10.12
		His inclusion of this speech, I believe, is a prudent and reasonable alternative to the complete failure by many to even look at this ancient text.
		Muir's wry humor surfaces again in his overview of "Other works" (xviii-xx) when he notes of the Mouseion of Alkidamas that "it is curious that more has been written about this in modern times than about Alcidamas' surviving works, even though its nature and contents are unknown" (xix).
		His summary on Alkidamas' style is quite good and prepares the reader for his frequent and useful notes on style in the commentary.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-10-12.html (1191 words)

	TSAI: Abstracts & Proposals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The comparison between ktêma es aiei and agônisma es to parakhrêma akouein therefore highlights his textually-aware rhetoric: permanence solidified in a material, impersonal product on one hand, and temporality encapsulated in an evanescent, public product on the other.
		Confronting the prejudice against writing exemplified in the person of Alcidamas, Isocrates discredits the capability of oral performances to express truth because of their power to delude the audience.
		By expanding upon this logic Isocrates positions writing as the superior form of communication precisely because of its apparent weaknesses: it lacks the advantages of the immediacy and the physical presence required by orality.
	www.oberlin.edu /faculty/ktsai/abstracts.html (1287 words)

	NCApress.com - Highlights of the 91st Annual Convention in Boston
		Richard Graff (ASHR Vice President and professor at the University of Minnesota) talks about his involvement with organizing events and the three papers he will be presenting during the convention.
		Robert Sullivan of Ithaca College will speak Thursday morning during “The Most Significant Passage in Alcidamas” at 8am in the Marriot at the Prudential Center and will also be the respondent to the panel called “Philodemus: A New Translation” at 9:30am on Saturday also in the Marriot.
		Sullivan also shares his reactions as a returning Emerson graduate and a Bostonian.
	pages.emerson.edu /students/d/dana_kreiss/nca/AVMedia2.htm (322 words)

	index.html
		Lycophron, Alcidamas, and others express the sentiment that no one is a slave by nature.
		Thus biological naturalism has some potentially attractive features.
		If you go try to find writings by Hippias, Antiphon, Lycophron, and Alcidamas, you may not find much that seems helpful.
	www.uvm.edu /~jbailly/courses/clas158/notes/popper5.html (2573 words)

	Alcidamas at Peithô's Web, Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		On the Sophists, or On the Writers of Written Discourses
		The famous LaRue Van Hook translation of Alcidamas' speech, from Classical Weekly, January 20, 1919
		Brown's treatment of Alcidamas on extemporaneous oratory, from her 1911 PhD dissertation at the University of Chicago.
	www.classicpersuasion.org /pw/alcidamas/index.htm (95 words)

	UCB Classics Fall 2006 Course Descriptions
		We will be reading fictional display pieces, not intended for delivery in a lawcourt or political assembly, but instead exemplifying and encapsulating key theoretical issues that arise from the practice of orators delivering actual speeches in those venues.
		The texts will be Antiphon’s Tetralogies, Gorgias' Encomium of Helen and Defence of Palamedes, and Alcidamas’ Odysseus.
		If time permits we will also look at Isocrates' Helen.
	ls.berkeley.edu /dept/classics/coursesdocs/cl_fa06_descript.html (2713 words)

	Classics and Ancient History - Neil O'Sullivan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Monday and Thursday 11 am - 12 pm
		Alcidamas, Aristophanes and the Beginnings of Greek Stylistic Theory [Hermes Einzelschriften 60] (Stuttgart 1992) 168 pp.
		"Alcidamas" in M. Ballif and M. Moran (edd.) Classical rhetorics and rhetoricians (Westport 2005) 14—18
	www.classics.uwa.edu.au /staff/osullivan (360 words)

	Departmental Papers (Classical Studies)
		Review of A. Bowie, Aristophanes: Myth, Ritual and Comedy, Ralph M. Rosen
		Review of Neil O'Sullivan, Alcidamas, Aristophanes and the Beginnings of Greek Stylistic Theory, Ralph M. Rosen
		Review of Thomas K. Hubbard, The Mask of Comedy.
	repository.upenn.edu /classics_papers (284 words)

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