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Topic: Alcohol dependence

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	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Alcoholism
		Alcoholism is an illness marked by drinking alcoholic beverages at a level that interferes with physical health, mental health, and social, family, or occupational responsibilities.
		Physical dependence reveals itself by withdrawal symptoms when alcohol intake is interrupted, tolerance to the effects of alcohol, and evidence of alcohol-associated illnesses.
		Alcoholics Anonymous is a self-help group of recovering alcoholics that offers emotional support and an effective model of abstinence for people recovering from alcohol dependence.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000944.htm (2137 words)

	Alcohol Abuse and Dependence-Topic Overview
		Alcohol abuse means having unhealthy or dangerous drinking habits, such as drinking every day or drinking too much at a time.
		Many people who have alcohol problems are successful in other areas of their lives, and they might even be able to hide their problem for years.
		Experts believe that alcohol problems are also caused by cultural values (such as being part of a group of people who drink a lot) and mental health issues (such as drinking as a way of coping with stress or problems).
	www.webmd.com /mental-health/Alcohol-Abuse/Alcohol-Abuse-and-Dependence-Topic-Overview (1195 words)

	Alcohol Dependence
		Alcohol dependence is the most common cause of cirrhosis of the liver, the eighth leading cause of death in the United States.
		Alcohol causes several cardiovascular complications and is responsible for about 15% of all cases of hypertension and most of the cases of cardiomyopathy.
		For example, sons of alcohol dependent fathers are less able to hold their body still when asked to stand at attention, compared to sons of nonalcoholic fathers (Hegedus et al., 1984).
	www.aadayton.org /cause.html (2647 words)

	Treat Alcohol Dependence with PROMETA®
		Alcoholism (or alcohol dependence) is a disease that results from chemical changes to your brain caused by repeated drinking.
		Alcohol dependence is associated with changes in the function of your brain (neurological changes) that can result in impaired judgment and memory and decreased learning ability.
		Because alcohol dependence is now recognized as a physical disease, many scientists and healthcare professionals believe that effective treatment from a physician has been a missing component of traditional treatment programs.
	www.prometainfo.com /pi/about-dependence/dependence-types/alcohol.jsp (874 words)

	Orphan Australia - Alcohol Dependence
		Alcohol dependence causes physical dependence (where a person feels like they need to consume alcohol to avoid the withdrawal symptoms) or psychological dependence (where the person’s life revolves around alcohol, and alcohol is used to obtain relief from tension and emotional discomfort).
		Alcohol dependence is an addictive cycle, which leads to loss of control (the inability to stop drinking once he/she starts) and relapse (return to heavy drinking after a period of being sobriety).
		Alcohol dependence causes a wide range of health problems such as memory disorders, poor nutrition, liver diseases, high blood pressure and blood content changes, as well as disruption to the function of the heart and reproductive system.
	www.orphan.com.au /Antabuse_Alcoholdependence.html (943 words)

	Alcohol dependence \| DoctorNDTV: Health Information on Alcohol dependence
		Alcohol abuse is a condition in which a person drinks to the point that this habit interferes with his or her life.
		Alcohol dependence describes a more severe condition marked by physical symptoms and loss of control to the point, that maintaining the addiction to alcohol becomes the main focus of a person’s life.
		Alcohol is toxic to the brain, the heart, liver, kidneys, stomach and intestines, muscles, eyes and the sexual organs.
	www.doctorndtv.com /topics/detailtopics.asp?id=45&heading=AllTopics (836 words)

	BMA - Alcohol dependence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		While alcohol and other drug use generally declines as people grow older, problems with alcohol and other drugs among older adults is a source of risk to health and safety for many, and often a serious concern to their families and GPs.
		Alcohol dependence is often the result of a combination of factors.
		Alcohol dependence is most common between the ages of 20 and 40 and males are most often affected.
	www.bma.org.uk /ap.nsf/Content/HAalchdepend (914 words)

	AllRefer Health - Alcoholism (Alcohol Abuse, Alcohol Dependence) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		People with alcohol dependence, the most severe alcohol disorder, usually experience tolerance (a need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or the desired effect), and withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is discontinued or intake is decreased.
		Alcohol abusers are "problem drinkers", that is, they may have legal problems, such as drinking and driving, or binge drinking (drinking six or more drinks on one occasion).
		Alcohol affects the central nervous system as a depressant, resulting in a decrease of activity, anxiety, tension, and inhibitions.
	health.allrefer.com /health/alcoholism-info.html (951 words)

	[No title]
		The number of American adults who abuse alcohol or are alcohol dependent rose from 13.8 million (7.41 percent) in 1991-1992 to 17.6 million (8.46 percent) in 2001-2002, according to results from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a study directed by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).
		Alcohol dependence rates decreased significantly among whites and Hispanics overall but, at the subpopulation level, the changes were significant only for white men overall and for Hispanic men both overall and in the 18-29 and 45-64 age groups.
		Alcohol dependence, also known as alcoholism, is a condition characterized by impaired control over drinking, compulsive drinking, preoccupation with drinking, tolerance to alcohol and/or withdrawal symptoms.
	www.niaaa.nih.gov /NewsEvents/NewsReleases/NESARCNews.htm (759 words)

	Alcohol & Other Drugs
		Alcohol dependence is the most severe alcohol problem and typically consists of at least three of seven symptoms experienced within one year.
		Alcohol dependence is a chronic and often progressive disease that includes a strong need to drink despite repeated social or interpersonal problems such as losing a job or deteriorating relationships with friends and family members.
		Alcohol dependence has a generally predictable course, recognizable symptoms, and is influenced by a complex interplay of genes, psychological factors such as the influence of family members and friends, and the effect of culture on drinking behavior and attitudes.
	www.alcoholscreening.org /AS/problem.aspx?CID=83 (562 words)

	Diagnostic Criteria for Alcohol Abuse and Dependence - Alcohol Alert No. 30-1995
		Diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence reflect the consensus of researchers as to precisely which patterns of behavior or physiological characteristics constitute symptoms of these conditions (1).
		Alcoholism was categorized in both editions as a subset of personality disorders, homosexuality, and neuroses (2,12).
		In ICD-8, alcoholism was a separate category that included episodic excessive drinking, habitual excessive drinking, and alcohol addiction that was characterized by the compulsion to drink and by withdrawal symptoms when drinking was stopped (1).
	pubs.niaaa.nih.gov /publications/aa30.htm (1889 words)

	Alcoholism, Alcohol Dependence and Alcohol Abuse Signs & Symptoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Alcoholism, also known as “alcohol dependence”, is a disease that includes four primary symptoms.
		Alcoholics are in the grip of a powerful “craving,” or uncontrollable need, for alcohol that overrides their ability to stop drinking.
		A person’s risk for developing alcoholism can increase based on the person’s environment, including where and how he or she lives; family, friends, and culture; peer pressure; and even how easy it is to get alcohol.
	www.alcohol-drug-rehab.com /alcohol-abuse.php (1229 words)

	InteliHealth:
		Alcoholism (alcohol dependence) is a long-lasting illness that is characterized by:
		What really defines the illness of alcoholism is dependence — the fact that the patient has come rely on alcohol psychologically and emotionally in his or her everyday life.
		Alcohol dependence increases the risk of liver disease (hepatitis and cirrhosis), dangerously irregular heart rhythms ("holiday heart" syndrome), stomach ulcers, brain damage, stroke and other health problems.
	www.intelihealth.com /IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/21827/24750/266750.html?d=dmtHealthAZ (1331 words)

	Alcoholism - MayoClinic.com
		Alcoholism is characterized by a preoccupation with alcohol and impaired control over alcohol intake.
		Alcoholism usually involves physical dependence on alcohol, but genetic, psychological and social factors contribute to the addiction as well.
		This is known as "alcohol abuse," which means you engage in excessive drinking that causes health or social problems, but you aren't dependent on alcohol and haven't fully lost control over the use of alcohol.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/alcoholism/DS00340 (264 words)

	Alcohol Abuse
		Alcoholism is a term commonly used to describe the medical disorder of alcohol dependence.
		Abusers are not necessarily physically addicted to alcohol, but develop problems as a result of their alcohol consumption and poor judgment, failure to understand the risks, or lack of concern about damage to themselves or others.
		Alcohol abuse or dependence is a treatable illness,
	www.wasc.noaa.gov /wrso/security_guide/alcohol.htm (2113 words)

	Course 651 : Alcohol, Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependence
		New data suggests that the reinforcing effect of alcohol is partially mediated through nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area, which when combined with nicotine, may be a factor in the high incidence of smoking among those who are alcohol dependent [152].
		Approximately 45% of the costs of alcohol abuse are borne by those who abuse alcohol and members of their households; 38% by federal, state, and local governments; 10% by private insurance; and 6% by victims of alcohol abusers [156].
		Alcohol consumption is the leading cause of chronic pancreatitis, accounting for approximately 70% of cases in the United States; however, fewer than 10% of heavy alcohol drinkers develop the disease [13, 37, 38, 50].
	www.netce.com /coursecontent.php?courseid=319 (12629 words)

	Healthopedia.com - Alcohol Dependence (Alcoholism, Alcohol Addiction, Alcohol Abuse) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Alcohol dependence is a chronic pattern of alcohol abuse.
		When the blood alcohol level reaches 0.2%, the entire area of the brain that controls motor function is negatively affected.
		Alcohol also affects the parts of the brain that control emotions and behavior.
	www.healthopedia.com /alcohol-dependence (376 words)

	Adult Health Advisor 2005.4: Alcohol Dependence (Alcoholism)
		Alcoholism is one of the most common illnesses seen by health care providers.
		The cause of alcohol dependence is not known.
		The diagnosis of alcohol dependence is based on how you use alcohol and the effects of alcohol on your life or family.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/aha/aha_aldep_bha.htm (706 words)

	Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy \| Full text \| Alcohol dependence: international policy implications ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The prevalence rates for abuse and dependence are lower for the general US inmates, but the relative prevalence rates are consistent with those of the UK institutions in that alcohol dependence is the most prevalent dependence diagnosis and the majority of those with any dependence are dependent upon alcohol.
		The analysis of severity for dependence suggests that dependence is a unique, prevalent, and distinct diagnosis as compared to abuse, which is compatible with previous findings [13].
		Current results suggesting the unique nature of dependence are consistent with the work of Hasin and colleagues emphasizing the distinction between alcohol abuse and dependence [14] and the findings of Schuckit and colleagues regarding the differential prognoses of alcohol abuse vs. dependent individuals [15,16].
	www.substanceabusepolicy.com /content/1/1/33 (3180 words)

	Alcohol Abuse and Dependence - MentalHealthChannel
		People continue to use the terms "alcoholism" when they mean any harmful use of alcohol and "problem drinking" when they mean abuse, when in fact alcoholism and abuse have specific clinical definitions.
		Alcoholism, also known as alcohol dependence, is a chronic, progressive, and potentially fatal disease.
		Alcohol abuse is a chronic disease in which the person refuses to give up drinking even though it causes neglect of important family and work obligations.
	www.mentalhealthchannel.net /alcohol (495 words)

	Alcohol and Public Health - Home Page
		Alcohol use is very common in our society.
		In 2001, there were approximately 75,000 deaths attributable to excessive alcohol use.
		In fact, excessive alcohol use is the 3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death for people in the United States each year.
	www.cdc.gov /alcohol/index.htm (399 words)

	VIVITROL: A Treatment Option For The Daily Struggle Against Alcohol Dependence. One dose all month long
		Alcohol dependence is one of the most serious health issues of our day.
		If alcohol dependence touches your life, whether you are one of the hundreds of thousands of people in treatment, you know or suspect you have a drinking problem, or you're worried about a family member or friend, you've come to the right place for information.
		VIVITROL is indicated for the treatment of alcohol dependence in patients who are able to abstain from alcohol in an outpatient setting prior to initiation of treatment with VIVITROL.
	www.vivitrol.com (323 words)

	Alcoholism - the alcohol dependence - causes, development, effects, treatment
		A recent research stated that the limit between an inoffensive consumption and a harmful one is an amount of 40 grams pure alcohol per day for males (about 0,1 l of strong drinks, 0,4 l of wine or 1 l of beer) and 20 grams for females.
		The majority of alcohol addicted people do not accept easily or they never accept to follow a treatment to fix their problem.
		This is because the majority of population do not know that the alcohol is a drug and the alcoholism is a disease.
	www.alcoolism.org /alc_en/index_en.html (514 words)

	Drug and Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
		Alcohol is a depressant, which means that it reduces activity of the nervous system.
		Excessive use of alcohol may cause stupor (a state where the person doesn't react normally to his or her surroundings) or coma (a state of deep unconsciousness).
		A person dependent on benzodiazepines may have withdrawal symptoms such as sweating, high pulse rate, shaky hands, poor sleep, nausea, agitation, and anxiety when he or she tries to stop the drug.
	www.apa.org /divisions/div12/rev_est/drugs.html (928 words)

	Alcoholism
		Alcoholic drinks have been prepared and drunk for thousands of years, and the problems that can accompany excess alcohol intake have undoubtedly been around just as long.
		Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence is a medical term with a deliberately more precise meaning than the problems that can occur, sometimes as one-offs, through an uncharacteristic binge.
		Both the availability of alcohol and the way it is used (the social patterns) appear to be major factors in influencing the likelihood of a person becoming alcohol dependent.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /health_advice/facts/alcoholism.htm (682 words)

	Alcohol Dependence, Withdrawal & Alcoholism Treatment - HANDS Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Alcohol affects every part of the body as it is carried through the bloodstream to the brain, stomach, internal organs, liver, kidneys, and muscles.
		Physical dependence, including withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety when alcohol use is stopped, after a period of heavy drinking and Tolerance, the need to drink greater amounts of alcohol for the same effect.
		is an innovative, comprehensive medical treatment method for alcohol dependence that may be prescribed and administered by a physician at a treatment program with license rights from Hythiam™ to use the protocol.
	submitex.hythiam.com /druginfo/alcohol.html (678 words)

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