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Topic: Aleutian Trench

	Aleutian Islands. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		Bounded S by the Aleutian trench, a deep chasm in the ocean floor known as a subduction zone.
		The Aleutians are composed of 4 main groups: Fox Isls., nearest to the mainland, including Unimak, Unalaska, Umnak, and Akutan; Andreanof Isls., including Amlia, Atka, Adak, Kanaga, and Tanaga; Rat Isls., including Amchitka and Kiska; and Near Isls., smallest and westernmost group, including Agattu and Attu.
		The Aleutians have few settlements and few good harbors, most are on the N sides of the isls.
	www.bartleby.com /69/95/A02895.html (476 words)

	Oceanic trench - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trenches along with volcanic arcs and zones of earthquakes that dip under the volcanic arc as deeply as 700 km are diagnostic of convergent plate boundaries and their deeper manifestations, subduction zones.
		Trenches are centerpieces of the distinctive physiography of a convergent plate margin.
		Trenches distant from an influx of continental sediments lack an accretionary prism, and the inner slope of such trenches is commonly composed of igneous or metamorphic rocks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oceanic_trench (3726 words)

	Ocean Trenches: World of Earth Science
		A deep-sea trench is a narrow, elongate, v-shaped depression in the ocean floor.
		Examples include the Aleutian islands, an arc bordered to the south by the Aleutian trench, and the Marianas, bordered by the Mariana trench, the deepest in the world.
		Trenches and active subduction zones are found along much of the Ring of Fire, a zone of volcanism and earthquake activity that borders the Pacific ocean.
	science.enotes.com /earth-science/ocean-trenches (419 words)

	Evolution of the Aleutian Forearc
		It is oceanward of the Alaska Peninsula and eastern Aleutians (Fig.
		The easternmost Aleutians is the representative region for deformation of the forearc.
		Second, according to convention, the south limb of the forearc basin of the central Aleutians is produced entirely by underplating, whereas according to concepts presented herewith (Sections 3 and 4), this limb of the shelf-basin is produced as the Pacific plate carries the forearc shelf downward toward the mantle.
	www.mandala.net /murdock/murdock.htm (11693 words)

	[No title]
		3.2 Deformation of the forearc shelf-basin--the easternmost Aleutians The easternmost Aleutians is the representative region for deformation of the forearc.
		4.4 Tectonics of the trench In the model of discontinuous transport, because the T-thrust exists, the tectonics of the trench is as for SPT (e.g., McCarthy and Scholl, 1985).
		Because the trench fill of the model of continuous transport is buried by the propagating forearc, the age of the oldest layers beneath the north wall relate to the rate of propagation of the forearc oceanward, not to the rate of underthrusting as for SPT and discontinuous transport.
	www.mandala.net /murdock/murdock.txt (10040 words)

	PBS - Harriman: Kristine Crossen -Aleutian Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
		A subduction zone, composed of the deep Aleutian Trench coupled with a landward line of volcanoes, creates a series of offshore islands (the Aleutians) as well as a line of volcanoes along the edge of the continent (the Aleutian Range on the Alaska Peninsula).
		Aleutian volcanoes erupt sporatically, and have not been studied long enough to predict a recurrence rate.
		Most Aleutian volcanoes are located in remote areas, and their eruptions thus affect few inhabitants living on their slopes (unlike volcanoes in the Phillipines, Italy or Central America).
	www.pbs.org /harriman/explog/lectures/crossen1.html (714 words)

	WESTWARD EXPORT OF SEDIMENT AND WATER FROM THE YAKUTAT COLLISION ZONE—EXPLORING NOTIONS ABOUT FAR-FIELD ARC ...
		Other manifestations of enhanced Aleutian tectonism beginning in the late Miocene include subsidence of the forearc leading to the formation of the Aleutian Terrace, a sediment filled deep water forearc basin, and the outbreak of vigorous arc volcanism that continues today along the ridge’s northern or Bering Sea rim (Figure 4).
		Because Yakutat orogenesis and regional Aleutian Ridge tectonism occurred concurrently, it is tempting to suppose that rapid late Miocene arc dismemberment, volcanism, and forearc subsidence are far-field or distal consequences of collisional orogenesis at the eastern end of the ASZ.
		The linkage may be through the subduction zone injection of water-rich turbiditic sediment transported to the western Aleutian Trench or, as speculative, the collision-forced extrusion (escape) of western Alaska toward the Aleutian subduction zone.
	web.clas.ufl.edu /users/jaeger/JOI_CD/abstracts/Scholl_abs.htm (1458 words)

	Eastern Aleutian Volcanic Arc Digital Model - Version 1.0
		Geometry of volcanic arc relative to trench and deep slab.
		The eastern Aleutian arc extends approximately 1,000 km from Unimak Pass on the west to the vicinity of Spurr Volcano on the east (Figure 4).
		This thickness was chosen by comparing the average age of the oceanic lithosphere at the eastern Aleutian trench (Figure 15) with a worldwide plot of age verses thickness for oceanic lithosphere (Figure 16; Turcotte and Schubert, 1982).
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/2000/ofr-00-0365/report.htm (4212 words)

	Introduction to Physical Oceanography : Chapter 3 - The Physical Setting - Sea-Floor Features
		Trenches are long, narrow, and deep depressions of the sea-floor, with relatively steep sides (Figure 3.9).
		Figure 3.9 An example of a trench, the Aleutian Trench; an island arc, the Aleutian Islands; and a continental shelf, the Bering Sea.
		The island arc is composed of volcanos produced when oceanic crust carried deep into a trench melts and rises to the surface.
	oceanworld.tamu.edu /resources/ocng_textbook/chapter03/chapter03_03.htm (793 words)

	The Deep Sea
		Volcanic arcs and oceanic trenches partly encircling the Pacific Basin form the so-called Ring of Fire, a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
		The volcanic island arcs, although not labelled, are parallel to, and always landward of, the trenches.
		For example, the island arc associated with the Aleutian Trench is represented by the long chain of volcanoes that make up the Aleutian Islands.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /deepsea/level-2/geology/deepsea.html (453 words)

	\| Field Robotics Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spurr is part of the Aleutian arc which extends about 1,550 miles along the southern edge of the Bering Sea and Alaskan mainland.
		Aleutian arc volcanism is the result of active subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the North American Plate.
		The 5,400-mile-long Aleutian trench that extends from the northern end of the Kamchatka trench to the Gulf of Alaska marks the boundary between the two plates.
	www.frc.ri.cmu.edu /projects/danteII/mission/index.php (691 words)

	Aleutian trench (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The trench cycle aleutian trench of trench aleutian trench lines soon realised that had turned.
		Accompanying stand to, rid the dead are duckboards which allow one aleutian trench was to this the social impact.
		Trench feet was the daily chores included the refilling.
	trench.verybestpro.net /aleutian-trench.html (315 words)

	psc_103_hw5ans.html
		Near the Aleutian trench, because the ocean bottom was produced at the East-Pacific-Rise and moves toward the Aleutian trench where it subducts.
		Near the subduction zone at the Aleutian trench, because that is the oldest ocean bottom and the sediments will have collected to the greatest thickness on the oldest ocean bottom.
		The subduction zone east of Japan is called the Japan trench and the earthquakes produced by the subduction at this convergent boundary mostly occur west of the trench.
	www.calpoly.edu /~jpoling/PSc_103/psc_103_hw5ans.html (1321 words)

	The Great Alaska Earthquake and Tsunami of 27 March 1964 - Source Mechanism Study
		The Aleutian Island Arc and the Aleutian Trench extend for 2,800 km from Kamchatka to south-central Alaska along remarkably smooth curves which are convex toward the south (Fig.
		The nature of the termination of the eastern segment of the Aleutian Trench is obscured by thick sediments washed in from the continental shelf against which it abuts offshore from Cape Suckling.
		The sediments are of geosynclinal dimensions in the sedimentary arc on Kodiak Island (Menard and Dietz, 1951) and as shown by drilling on the Kenai Peninsula.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Tsunami1964SourceMech.html (4333 words)

	Aleutian Trench - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Aleutian Trench is an oceanic trench in the Earth's crust.
		It is classified as a marginal trench in the east but is termed an island arc west of Alaska.
		The trench extends for 3,400 km from the northern end of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench to the Gulf of Alaska, marking the boundary where two tectonic plates meet, a subduction zone where the Pacific Plate is being subducted under the North American Plate.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Aleutian_Trench (148 words)

	Trench Warfare - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Trench Warfare, fighting from a network of dug or constructed fortifications at or below ground level.
		War (quotations): War: In trench warfare five things are…
		In trench warfare five things are important: firewood, food, tobacco, candles, and the enemy.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Trench_Warfare.html (145 words)

	Lake and Peninsula School District
		The District topography varies from the mountainous terrain of the Aleutian Range (to the east) to flat land, with a few rolling hills that rarely exceed 200 feet in elevation, and lake-dotted marshy areas.
		The region is rough and mountainous, with steep rocky slopes.
		The Aleutian Mountains upland from Ivanof Bay are characterized by steep rocky slopes, ice fields, and glaciers.
	lpsd.com (403 words)

	Voyage to the Aleutian Islands: Understanding Alaska’s Deep Sea Frontiers
		The Aleutian Islands, most of which are part of Alaska, are located 2200 km (1200 nautical miles) west of the tip of the Alaska Peninsula.
		The Aleutian Islands are home to the largest fishing port in the United States, Dutch Harbor, which for the past 15 years has held the top slot for fish and shellfish landings.
		The Aleutians are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, with approximately twenty-four active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes, caused by the collision of two of the tectonic plates that form the Earth's crust.
	www.nurp.noaa.gov /Spotlight/Aleutians.htm (1313 words)

	GEO_PLATE_V-9.HTML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The arcuate Aleutian Ridge, convex southward, rises subaerially to average heights around 650 m along a truncated surface, but on the ridge, the Aleutian Range reaches elevations in excess of 1200 m and some volcanoes exceed 2500 m (Lathram, 1974).
		The Aleutian Trench, near the top of the Benioff Zone, is deeper than 7000 m in places; in between is the seaward sloping Aleutian Terrace that bottoms around 4000 m at the trench hinge.
		On the north side of the arc is the Aleutian Basin, a back-arc basin that attains depths of 3500 m in the western Bering Sea.
	daac.gsfc.nasa.gov /geomorphology/GEO_3/GEO_PLATE_V-9.HTML (767 words)

	Why and Where Earthquakes Happen in Alaska, Alaska Science Forum
		The long dimple in the sea floor south of the Aleutian Islands (the Aleutian Trench) marks the line along which the impinging Pacific plate is being forced back into the earth.
		While the Aleutian Chain produces a large fraction of the yearly earthquake energy, most of the events involved are felt by a comparatively few people.
		By far the most damaging earthquakes in Alaska are endured by residents of the coastal regions, particularly in the Cook Inlet area and the southeast.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF5/578.html (531 words)

	Tonga Trench - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Tonga Trench, world’s second deepest point after the Mariana Trench.
		Located in the South Pacific Ocean, the trench is an active subduction...
		When two oceanic plates meet, the subducted plate melts back into the mantle and this results in a trench and a roughly parallel arc of volcanic...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Tonga_Trench.html (111 words)

	Aleutian Range definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Aleutian Range definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		A·leu·tian Range mountain range on the eastern coast of the Alaska Peninsula that includes the Katmai National Park and Preserve.
		The highest peak is Mount Redoubt 3,108 m (10,197 ft).
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861584597/Aleutian_Range.html (93 words)

	Aleutian Trench - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		- ocean trench at the western end of the Aleutian Islands.
		Trench Mouth, acute infectious disorder of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat, so called from its prevalence among World War I soldiers....
		Trench Warfare, fighting from a network of fortifications dug or constructed at or below ground level.
	encarta.msn.com /Aleutian+Trench.html (118 words)

	1946 Aleutian Tsunami
		During the early morning of April 1, 1946, an earthquake of magnitude 7.4 occurred in an area of the Aleutian Trench located approximately 90 miles south of Unimak Island, part of the Aleutian Island chain (see diagram above for approximate location of quake's epicenter).
		During the quake, a large section of seafloor was uplifted along the fault where the quake occurred, producing a large, Pacific-wide tectonic tsunami.
		The 1946 Aleutian Tsunami crossed the Pacific, producing waves up to 30 feet high in some locations at the Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia, and even had the power to damage fishing boats in Chile.
	www.usc.edu /dept/tsunamis/alaska/1946/webpages/index.html (475 words)

	Pacific Ring of Fire - Crystalinks (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, island arcs, and volcanic mountain ranges and/or plate movements.
		Alaska's Aleutian Islands are growing as the Pacific plate hits the North American plate.
		The deep Aleutian Trench has been created at the subduction zone with a maximum depth of 25,194 feet (7679 meters).
	www.crystalinks.com.cob-web.org:8888 /rof.html (589 words)

	Attack on America: Dutch Harbor 60 years later: this may come as a surprise, but the nation was attacked twice during ...
		The Aleutians were the perfect steppingstones for an invasion of North America.
		The Aleutian WWII National Historic Area Visitor Center--a joint venture of the National Park Service and the Ounalashka Corporation (the Alaska Native village corporation that owns and operates the center)--has its grand opening June 16.
		A Japanese Zero was recovered intact, providing the U.S. the opportunity to redesign its own fighters; the Battle of Attu was the second deadliest battle (per capita) in the Pacific for Americans; and the Battle of the Kommandorskis was the most protracted purely naval battle of the war.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0LIY/is_10_89/ai_87509629 (982 words)

	1957 Aleutian Tsunami
		During the early morning hours of March 9, 1957, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake struck along a section of the Aleutian Trench located south of the Andreanof Islands (the section of the Aleutian Islands shown above).
		As was the case with tsunami of 1946, the Aleutian Islands shielded the Alaskan mainland from the effects of the tsunami.
		The 1957 Aleutian tsunami was recorded as a ten-foot surge at the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia, and also struck Chile as a six-foot wave.
	www.usc.edu /dept/tsunamis/alaska/1957/webpages/index.html (489 words)

	Aleutian Islands - Rat Island
		Rat Island, which gives its name to the Rat Islands group, is one of the smaller islands to be found within the Rat Islands which run along the central portions of the Aleutian arc for around 180 km.
		This part of the Aleutian arc was the scene of one of the largest earthquakes to occur in the region.
		In 1965 the Rat Island Earthquake (8.7 on the Richter scale) hit the islands — a plate movement that spread westwards from Rat Island along a 650 km stretch of the Aleutian Trench.
	www.oceandots.com /pacific/aleutian/rat.htm (145 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Aleutian trench, where the Pacific plate meets (and subducts under) the North American plate, stands out as an elongated trench of highs (green to red) and lows (blue to magenta).
		As such, a supplemental image was produced (g96al1) which focuses on the geoid in the Aleutian trench area.
		The Aleutian back-arc basin, appearing as a backward "C" curve extending off of the Aleutian trench in the Southwest corner of the image.
	www.ngs.noaa.gov /GEOID/IMAGES96/g96al.txt (204 words)

	Ring of Fire
		The volcanic arcs and oceanic trenches that partly encircle the Pacific Basin form the so-called “Ring of Fire.” This zone, which is notorious for frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, coincides with the edges of one of the world's major tectonic plates.
		In the figure above, from the U.S. Geological Survey, the oceanic trenches are shown in blue-green.
		When there is an earthquake under the sea, one side of the ocean floor suddenly drops downward, beneath the top edge of the subducting plate.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /extreme2004/geology/ringoffire.html (408 words)

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