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	Alexander Berkman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexander Berkman (21 November 1870 - 28 June 1936) was a Russian writer and activist who lived and worked for many years in the United States, where he was a leading member of the anarchist movement.
		Berkman was born Ovsei Osipovich Berkkan in Vilnius, Lithuania, the son of a wealthy Jewish businessman.
		Berkman was convicted of attempted murder and sentenced to twenty-two years' imprisonment, of which he served fourteen years, many of them in solitary confinement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_Berkman (923 words)

	[No title]
		Alexander Berkman, sensitive and idealistic, could not escape the influence of that time, the period when everything in Russian was being torn from its old moorings, and the seeds for a new conception of human society -- political, religious, moral, economic and social -- were being planted.
		Alexander Berkman concentrates all his energies on a country-wide campaign in behalf of the victims of the capitalist conspiracy against labor.
		Alexander Berkman, myself, and others were arrested, tried and condemned to two years in the penitentiary, ten thousand dollars fine, each, and deportation at the end.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/goldman/berkman.html (2893 words)

	Alexander Berkman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Berkman was born Ovsei Osipovich Berkkan in Vilna, Lithuania, the son of a wealthy Jewish businessman.
		In 1892, at age 22, Berkman — under the influence of Most's endorsement of propaganda of the deed — attempted to assassinate Henry Clay Frick, a wealthy industrialist involved in a bitter dispute with steelworkers in Homestead, Pennsylvania.
		Berkman wrote up his prison years in his stirring which helped him come to terms with his horrendous experiences and gave him a new lease on life.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Alexander_Berkman (975 words)

	Alexander Berkman biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In New York City, Berkman met and had a brief romance with Emma Goldman, another Russian immigrant who was working in a clothing factory.
		The brutal suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion in March 1922 was the final straw and Berkman and Goldman moved to Germany.
		Berkman spent his last years in France, eking out a precarious living as a editor and translator, despite his popularity as a speaker and writer.
	alexander-berkman.biography.ms (878 words)

	Propaganda of the deed - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As a doctrine-in-practise, its heyday was the period between 1881 and 1901, starting with the assassinations of Russian tzar Alexander II and ending with that of United States President William McKinley.
		Berkman attempted propaganda by the deed when he tried to kill industrialist Henry Clay Frick following the deaths of several striking workers.
		Many anarchists, including Alexander Berkman, came to believe that the use of violence was not an effective method of propaganda after observing the public reaction to the bombings and assassinations anarchists had carried out.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Propaganda_by_the_deed (646 words)

	American Experience \| Emma Goldman \| People & Events \| PBS
		Alexander Berkman, known by the Russian diminutive "Sasha," was born in Russia in 1870 to family of merchants with ties to the nihilists, a political group who rejected all established authority.
		Berkman met Emma Goldman in 1889 at Sach's Café on Suffolk Street, the unofficial headquarters of young Yiddish-speaking anarchists in New York City's Lower East Side.
		Alexander Berkman wrote his eloquent response to events in Russia in two pamphlets, The Kronstadt Rebellion and The Russian Tragedy (both 1922), and in a pair of books published in 1925, The Bolshevik Myth and The Anti-Climax.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/goldman/peopleevents/p_berkman.html (1215 words)

	Archives Alexander Berkman
		Alexander Berkman (true name: Ovsej Berkman) was born in Kovno, Lithuania in 1870 and grew up in Petersburg and Kovno.
		Circular of the Alexander Berkman Provisional Committee, New York calling a conference in commemoration of his resurrection from prison 30 years ago in May 1905, with the aim to raise funds for him.
		Photocopies of Alexander Berkman's mug-shot and the note asking Frick for a conference, of a section of a manuscript describing the attack on Frick, a clipping of a biography of Henry Clay Frick and obituaries of Alexander Berkman.
	www.iisg.nl /archives/nl/files/b/10729085full.php (4330 words)

	Alexander Berkman
		Berkman and Goldman both became involved in the campaign to free the men convicted of the Haymarket Bombing.
		Released in 1906 Berkman and Emma Goldman established themselves as the leaders of the anarchist movement in the United States.
		As an anarchist, Berkman was repelled by the Bolshevik dictatorship and after the failed Kronstadt Uprising decided to leave Russia.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAberkman.htm (963 words)

	Maoist book reviews: Communism generally, Alexander Berkman
		Berkman's suicide is only typical of the alternating nihilism and paralyzing and conservative despair in anarchist circles which fail to develop into thoroughgoing Marxist scientists.
		Berkman was far from being a Menshevik or anarchist who said only set backs would come if revolutionaries did not wait for the perfect future, so he should have been interested in why some people can be recruited while others cannot.
		In the end, Berkman makes this clear by writing a whole chapter titled "the idea is the thing." Substitute the word "Jesus" for "idea" in Berkman and most similar anarchists, and we have an ideology that says when people believe in Jesus they will be saved.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/bookstore/books/commie/berkman.html (1513 words)

	Berkman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A major figure in international anarchism, Alexander Berkman was born in the Russian Empire in 1870.
		Berkman tried to organize against mistreatment of prisoners during this jail stay, and for his efforts was awarded over seven months in solitary confinement in a cell measuring 2.5 by 4.5 feet.
		Berkman, dismayed at the failure of the Russian Revolution to live up to his political ideals, wrote The Bolshevik Myth and The Kronstadt Rebellion to help spread to the world what he saw as the truth about the revolution's debasement by cynical leaders.
	spruce.flint.umich.edu /~gfburns/Berkman.html (316 words)

	Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist (New York Review Books Classics) Books for the Lincoln Automotive Enthusiast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The book is the account of the anarchist Alexander's Berkman's experiences in prison after his botched attempt to assassinate the industrialist Henry Clay Frick, the monster who "legally" slaughtered workers during the Homestead strike of 1892.
		Although Berkman never abandons his anarchist principles, he does soften his moral repugnance for criminals whose crimes were not motivated by political or humanitarian aims.
		Berkman's sub rosa argument, made to Goldman, that Leon Czologosz's assassination of President McKinley lacked redeeming social value, unlike his (Berkman's) attempt to assassinate Frick, while though interesting fails to be convincing.
	www.lincolnsofdistinction.com /books/book.php?isbn=094032234X.html (1228 words)

	Alibris: Alexander Berkman
		In 1892, Alexander Berkman, Russian emigre, anarchist, and lover of Emma Goldman, attempted -- unsuccessfully -- to assassinate the industrialist Henry Clay Frick.
		When Alexander Berkman (1870-1936) - a leading American anarchist of Russian origin - returned to Russia in 1919, he was welcomed as a hero by the Bolshevik regime.
		Berkman and his companion and comrade Emma Goldman - having been deported from the United States for their anti-war activities, and fired with revolutionary enthusiasm - were determined...
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Alexander_Berkman (563 words)

	Alexander Berkman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Alexander Berkman, the son of a wealthy Jewish businessman, was born in Vilna, Russia on 21st November, 1870.
		Berkman was appalled by Frick's behaviour and decided to make a dramatic gesture against capitalism.
		Berkman was found guilty and sentenced to two years in prison.
	www.providence.edu /polisci/students/labor/berkman_bio.htm (583 words)

	Next Year, Last Century: Alexander Berkman Freed - Emma Goldman in Pearls
		Berkman was sentenced to twenty-two years in the penitentiary, but good behavior earned for him a commutation of nine years.
		Berkman is also known as the lifelong companion of Emma Goldman, a woman who was sufficiently vain in her beliefs to preach free love and violent revolution at the same time.
		Her essay on the former is a truly amusing read for adults who may know nothing of love but have seen plenty of life.
	daileyint.com /hmdpc/2005/07/alexander-berkman-freed-emma-goldman.html (503 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alexander Berkman (U.S. History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Alexander Berkman[berk´mAn, bUrk´mun] Pronunciation Key, 1870?–1936, anarchist, b.
		At the time of the Homestead, Pa., strike (1892) Berkman attempted to kill Henry Clay Frick, but succeeded only in wounding him.
		Disappointed in his hope of finding the freedom that he sought under the Bolshevik government, Berkman left Russia and in various European cities supported himself by translation.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Berkman.html (239 words)

	Social Anarchism/Anarchists Adrift: Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman
		Wenzer argues that Berkman's assassination attempt and his subsequent fourteen year prison sentence sufficiently alienated him from the working class that he sought to liberate.
		Berkman went to jail and Goldman, in time, worked as a lecturer and writer for the cause.
		Once Goldman and Berkman are forced to leave the United States, Wenzer continues to chart their intellectual and activist course.
	library.nothingness.org /articles/SA/en/display/236 (925 words)

	Emma Goldman
		Berkman was imprisoned and so was Goldman the following year when she was accused of urging the unemployed to steal the food they needed.
		In 1919 Alexander M. Palmer, the attorney general and his special assistant, John Edgar Hoover, organized a plan to deport a large number of left-wing figures.
		Hoover won his case and Goldman, her lover, Alexander Berkman, along with 246 other people, were deported to Russia.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAgoldman.htm (4378 words)

	The New York Review of Books: Violence, Anarchy, and Alexander Berkman
		Berkman's celebration of the ideal revolutionary hero glorifies the man who, through commitment to a noble cause, transcends the limitations of being "merely human." Devoted to the cause of humanity, one transcends the human condition, is beyond good and evil, beyond the fear of death and the claims of mortality.
		Why Berkman thought the "background of social necessity was lacking" is crucial, but, first, it is necessary to point out the drastic qualification Berkman has made to the rationale for the anarchist deed of violence.
		The fault, as Berkman would have it, lies in American consciousness: "that is the subtle source of democratic tyranny, and, as such, it cannot be reached with a bullet." If that is so, the keepers of that consciousness, American intellectuals, have dismally failed in their responsibility to American society.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/10783 (4565 words)

	Fitzgerald, M. Eleanor (Mary Eleanor), 1877-1955.
		Photographs in this collection span the period of 1890 to the 1950s and include images of, Alexander Berkman, Emma Goldman, Ben Reitman, Eugene O'Neill, and Paul Robeson, also included are Fitzgerald and her family members, colleagues at the Seventh Day Adventist sanatoria in Battle Creek and Chicago.
		The particular strengths of the Fitzgerald collection are the Alexander Berkman material, and the materials on the Provincetown Playhouse.
		She left the movement in 1918 when Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman were deported.
	www.uwm.edu /Library/arch/findaids/uwmmss13.htm (1412 words)

	Address by Alexander Berkman
		Trial and Speeches of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman
		ALEXANDER BERKMAN: I am glad that the court supports my contention that the Conscription Bill was not signed until May 18th.
		ALEXANDER BERKMAN: Gentlemen of the jury, it is sufficient to establish here the fact that Miss Goldman could not possibly have said Breshkovskaya was tortured; and that is all that is necessary to say about that part of the evidence of the man who corroborated Mr.
	www.infoplease.com /t/hist/berkman-goldman-trial/9.html (10320 words)

	What is Anarchism?
		Berkman, Alexander “What is Anarchism?” AK Press, Edinburgh, Scotland and Oakland, CA.
		Where Berkman scores heavily, for me, is in his description in the later chapters on the Russian Revolution and how it was defeated by the political party that claimed to embody it, the Bolsheviks.
		As for the actuality of a social revolution, Berkman didn’t claim to be clairvoyant, but drew some fairly common sense conclusions from the Russian experience and from the logic of the situation.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /blackchip/What_is_Anarchism.htm (766 words)

	Homestead Strike 1892
		The following extracts from Louis Adamic, Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman describe the Homestead Strike in 1892, and the circumstances of Berkman’s shooting of Henry Clay Frick, the head of the Carnegie Steel Company’s strike-breaking operation.
		There was then in the United States a young anarchist, Alexander Berkman lover of Emma Goldman, who, on hearing of the gun-fight between the steel men and the Pinkertons, hastened to Homestead and there burst into Frick’s office.
		Frick was injured but survived and Berkman was overpowered and arrested at the scene, later sentenced to 22 years in prison.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Senate/7672/homestead.html (1873 words)

	Works of Emma Goldman 1938 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The writer further accuses Alexander Berkman of “brazenness, plagiarism, and making, as is his custom, a few insignificant alterations, and hiding the real source of what appears as his own appraisal.” Alexander Berkman’s life and work have placed him among the greatest revolutionary thinkers and fighters, utterly dedicated to his ideal.
		On a par in accuracy with this charge against Alexander Berkman by Wright is his accusation that my old pal had denied the existence of General Kozlovsky in Kronstadt.
		For it was on this date that the strikers had given vent to their accumulated wrath over the callous indifference of the men who had prated about the dictatorship of the proletariat which had long ago deteriorated into the merciless dictatorship of the Communist Party.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/goldman/works/1938/trotsky-protests.htm (4950 words)

	PozA - Pokret za Anarhiju - Anarhisti - Alexander Berkman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Berkman was a member of a prosperous Jewish family in Vilna.
		Some of his relatives were Socialist Revolutionaries, and Berkman himself was expelled from the gymnasium for writing an atheistic essay.
		He fled from Russia in 1887 at the age of 17, and five years later made an attempt on the life of Henry Frick, for which he served twenty years of imprisonment.
	www.anarchy-movement.org /anarchist.php?ID=32 (1595 words)

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