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	Alexander Bezborodko - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Prince Alexander Andreyevich Bezborodko (Russian: Алекса́ндр Андре́евич Безборо́дко) (1747–1799) was the Grand Chancellor of Russia and chief architect of the Catherine the Great's foreign policy after the death of Nikita Panin.
		A Ukrainian by birth, Bezborodko was born at Glukhov on the 14th of March 1747, and educated at home and in the seminary at Kiev.
		On the death of Catharine, the emperor Paul entrusted Bezborodko with the examination of the late empress's private papers, and shortly afterwards made him a prince of the Russian empire, with a correspondingly splendid apanage.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Alexander_Bezborodko (982 words)

	Alexander Bezborodko - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prince Alexander Andreyevich Bezborodko (Russian: Алекса́ндр Андре́евич Безборо́дко) (1747–1799) was the Grand Chancellor of Russia and chief architect of Catherine the Great's foreign policy after the death of Nikita Panin.
		A Ukrainian by birth, Bezborodko was born at Glukhov on the 14th of March 1747, and educated at home and in the seminary at Kiev.
		On the death of Catharine, the emperor Paul entrusted Bezborodko with the examination of the late empress's private papers, and shortly afterwards made him a prince of the Russian empire, with a correspondingly splendid apanage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_Bezborodko (1005 words)

	Vorontsov - LoveToKnow 1911
		Alexander Romanovich Vorontsov (1741-1805), Russian imperial chancellor, nephew of the preceding and son of Count Roman Vorontsov, began his career at the age of fifteen in the Izmailovsky regiment of the Guards.
		It was only when the emperor himself began to draw nearer to France that he began to consider Vorontsov as incompetent to serve Russia in England, and in February 1800 all the count's estates were confiscated.
		Alexander I. on his accession at once reinstated him, but ill-health and family affairs induced him to resign his post in 1806.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Vorontsov (1893 words)

	Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (1798 – 1883) was a Russian statesman from the Gorchakov princely family.
		Gorchakov was born on the 16th of July 1798 in Estonia, and was educated at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he had the poet Alexander Pushkin as a school-fellow.
		For the time, however, he made a virtue of necessity, and Alexander II, recognizing the wisdom and courage which Gorchakov had exhibited, appointed him minister of foreign affairs in place of Count Nesselrode.
	www.masterproxy.info /cgi-bin/nph-masterproxy.cgi/001010A/http/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Mikhailovich_Gorchakov (1068 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Galitzine
		And Mikhail's son Alexander (1718-1783) was a diplomat and soldier, who likewise rose to be field-marshal and governor of St Petersburg.
		Prince Alexander Nikolaevich (1773-1844) was a reactionary minister of education in the government of Alexander I.
		Aleksander Pavlovich Romanov or Tsar Alexander I (The Blessed), (Russian: ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€ I ÐŸÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡) (December 23, 1777â€“December 1, 1825), Emperor of Russia (reigned March 23, 1801â€“December 1, 1825), King of Poland (reigned 1815â€“1825), son of the Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, afterwards Paul I, and Maria Fedorovna, daughter of the Duke...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Galitzine (5383 words)

	Alexander Bezborodko: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Prince Alexander Andreyevich Bezborodko (1747-1799) was the Grand Chancellor of Russia Russia quick summary:
		(Bezborodko was born at Glukhov on the 14th of March 1747, EHandler: no quick summary.
		In private life Bezborodko was a typical Catharinian, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/al/alexander_bezborodko.htm (1747 words)

	Alexander Gorchakov - Definition, explanation
		Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (1798-1883) was a Russian statesman from the Gorchakov princely family.
		Gorchakov was born on the 16th of July 1798 in Estonia, and was educated at the lyceum of Tsarskoye Selo, where he had the poet Alexander Pushkin as a school-fellow.
		For the time, however, he made a virtue of necessity, and Alexander II, recognizing the wisdom and courage which Gorchakov had exhibited, appointed him minister of foreign affairs in place of Count Nesselrode.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/al/alexander_gorchakov.php (1072 words)

	Brodkey/Bezborodko Family - aqw06.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Chaim Herman DANSKY-340 (Chaim DANSKY, Ethyl BEZBORODKO, Chaim) was born in Slutzk, Byelo Russian, SSR.
		Pauline DANSKY-365 (Abraham Samuel DANSKY, Ethyl BEZBORODKO, Chaim) was born 1894 in Minsk, Russia.
		Nathan DANSKY-377 (Abraham Samuel DANSKY, Ethyl BEZBORODKO, Chaim) was born 1896/1897 in Russia.
	www.che.eng.ohio-state.edu /~brodkey/genealogy/web/brodkey/aqwg06.htm (545 words)

	The Brodkey Family - aqw06.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Chaim Herman DANSKY-340 (Chaim DANSKY, Ethyl BEZBORODKO, Chaim) was born in Slutzk, Byelo Russian, SSR.
		Pauline DANSKY-365 (Abraham Samuel DANSKY, Ethyl BEZBORODKO, Chaim) was born 1894 in Minsk, Russia.
		Nathan DANSKY-377 (Abraham Samuel DANSKY, Ethyl BEZBORODKO, Chaim) was born 1896/1897 in Russia.
	www.chbmeng.ohio-state.edu /~brodkey/genealogy/Web/Brodkey/aqwg06.htm (547 words)

	John Capodistria - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		His first important mission, in November 1813, was as unofficial Russian ambassador to Switzerland, with the task of helping disentangle the country from the French dominance imposed by Napoleon.
		After these brilliant diplomatic successes, Alexander I appointed Capodistria joint Foreign Minister of Russia (with Karl Robert Nesselrode).
		He was always keenly interested in the cause of his native country, and in particular the state of affairs in the Seven Islands, which in a few decades’ time had passed from French revolutionary influence to Russian protection and then British rule.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Joannis_Capodistrias (1476 words)

	Alexander Bezborodko
		Prince Alexander Andreyevich Bezborodko (Russian: Алекса́ндр Андре́евич Безборо́дко) (1747–1799) was the Grand Chancellor of Russia and chief architect of Catherine the Great's foreign policy after the death of Nikita Panin.
		A Ukrainian by birth, Bezborodko was born at Glukhov on the; 14th of March 1747, and educated at home and in the seminary at Kiev.
		Alexander Bezborodko · Fyodor Rostopchin · Nikita Panin Jr.
	alexander-bezborodko.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Alexander_Bezborodko (1809 words)

	Alexander Nevsky Lavra
		In 1724 the remains of Saint Alexander Nevsky who had been canonized by the Orthodox Church as the Holy Patron of Russia were transferred to the monastery.
		By the end of the 18th century the Alexander Nevsky monastery that in 1797 was elevated to the status of Lavra (Lavra is a name given to rich monasteries of the highest rank enjoying special privileges), became the spiritual and cultural center of Saint Petersburg.
		Thus the Alexander Nevsky Lavra became the ecclesiastical educational center of the Saint Petersburg eparchy.
	www.saint-petersburg-hotels.com /alexandernevskiylavra.htm (558 words)

	Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (1798–1883) was a Russian statesman from the Gorchakov princely family.
		Gorchakov was born on the 16th of July 1798 in Estonia, and was educated at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he had the poet Alexander Pushkin as a school-fellow.
		For the time, however, he made a virtue of necessity, and Alexander II, recognizing the wisdom and courage which Gorchakov had exhibited, appointed him minister of foreign affairs in place of Count Nesselrode.
	alexander-mikhailovich-gorchakov.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Alexander_Mikhailovich_Gorchakov (1906 words)

	MORKOV ARKADIY IVANOVICH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		In 1786 Morkov was assigned as a member of Foreign Affaires Board and soon has become the «right-hand» of Bezborodko, then of prince A. Zybov; at last he received the direct control over all foreign correspondence of Catherine II.
		In 1796 Morkov and his brothers received the title of the counts of Roman Empire from the Austrian emperor, but after accession to the throne Pavel I, Morkov has been discharged from the service and has received an order to go away from capital.
		Alexander I has nominated him in 1801 as Russian ambassador to Paris.
	www.museum.ru /1812/English/Persons/Diplomat/morkov.html (237 words)

	Ukraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a result of Russian successes in the wars against Turkey and Crimean Khanate of 1768-74 and 1787-1792, the territories along the Black Sea coast were annexed to the Russian Empire as well.
		Within the Empire Ukrainians frequently rose to the highest offices of Russian state (e.g., Aleksey Razumovsky, Alexander Bezborodko, Ivan Paskevich), and dominated the Russian Orthodox Church (e.g., Stephen Yavorsky, Feofan Prokopovich, Dimitry of Rostov).
		In the same time, the tsar regime was implementing a harsh policy of Russification, banning the use of the Ukrainian language in print, and in public.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ukraine (4218 words)

	Prince Victor Kochubey - Olga's Gallery
		Son of Pavel Vasilievich Kochubey and Ulyana Andreevna, née Bezborodko, he was born on 11 November 1768 and was brought up in his uncle's house, Prince Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko.
		On the 23rd of June, 1801 Tsar Alexander I appointed Count Kochubey a Senator with orders to be constantly close to the tsar.
		She was the first love of the poet Alexander Pushkin, who devoted several verses to her.
	www.abcgallery.com /bio/kochubey.html (312 words)

	Saint Petersburg English Newspaper - Neva News - The Former Palace of the Chancellor Bezborodko
		The brilliant state career of Alexander Bezborodko marks the last quarter of the XVIII century, during the triumphal reign of Catherine II.
		Alexander Bezborodko died in 1799 and his brother Ilya inherited the Palace.
		Ilya Bezborodko had become a duke, a senator and a member of the State Council by that time.
	www.nevanews.com /index.php?id_article=282§ion=2 (948 words)

	Karl Nesselrode (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		At the age of 16 he entered the Russian Navy where, with his father's influence, he secured the position of naval aide-de-camp to Tsar Paul.
		He was attached to the Russian embassy at Berlin, and transferred thence to the Hague.
		Nesselrode became State Secretary in 1814 and was the head of Russia's official delegation to Congress of Vienna, but for the most part Alexander I acted as his own foreign minister.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Karl_Robert_Vasilyevich_Nesselrode.htm (389 words)

	Polish and Russian Political History - Catherine II, 1762-1796
		Their criticisms, especially as regards the proposed emancipation of the serfs, contained in the manuscript draft of the nakaz, were so unsparing that the Empress abandoned that part of the scheme, and it was omitted from the printed nakaz altogether.
		Her victorious armies had been decimated, and all the energy and ingenuity of Bezborodko were taxed to the uttermost to supply the gaps in the ranks.
		Her fear and hatred of the French Revolution are therefore perfectly intelligible, though she agreed with Bezborodko that Russia's proper political attitude towards revolutionary France was strict neutrality.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/slavic-europe-19.shtml (7589 words)

	Alexander The Index
		Alexander Douglas Douglas-hamilton, Marquess Of Douglas And Clydesdale
		Alexander Gordon, 7th Marquess Of Aberdeen And Temair
		Alexander Graham Bell Association For The Deaf And Hard Of Hearing
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/alexander_the_index (37 words)

	Karl Nesselrode Summary
		His assignment was to report on French troops to Alexander I, who was turning away from Napoleon in his foreign policy.
		Nesselrode assisted Alexander I at the Peace of Tilsit in 1811, which, according to Mikhail Speranski, contained practically all the ingredients for a future war between Russia and France.
		Nesselrode became State Secretary in 1814 and was the head of Russia's official delegation to Congress of Vienna, but for the most part Alexander I acted as his own foreign minister.
	www.bookrags.com /Karl_Nesselrode (895 words)

	Catherine II of Russia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Her illegitimate son by Orlov was a half-witted invalid, named Alexis Bobrinski, whom she kept aloof from the court.
		It seems highly probable that she intended to exclude Paul from the succession, and to leave the crown to her eldest grandson Alexander, afterwards the emperor Alexander I. Her harshness to Paul was probably as much due to political distrust as to what she saw of his character.
		Whatever else Catherine may have been she was emphatically a sovereign and a politician who was in the last resort guided by the reason of state.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Catherine_II_of_Russia (2735 words)

	ALEKSANDER ANDREEVICH, PRINCE BEZBORODKO - LoveToKnow Article on ALEKSANDER ANDREEVICH, PRINCE BEZBORODKO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		From this time he was inseparably associated with Catharine in all important diplomatic affairs, though officially he was the subordinate of the vice-chancellor, Count Alexander Osterman.
		He wrote all the most important despatches to the Russian ministers abroad, concluded and subscribed all treaties, and performed all the functions of a secretary of state.
		On the retirement of Osterman he received the highest dignity in the Russian empirethat of imperial chancellor.
	www.1911ency.org /B/BE/BEZBORODKO_ALEKSANDER_ANDREEVICH_PRINCE.htm (975 words)

	IATWM November 2006: Art Collectors in St. Petersburg at the Hermitage, Amsterdam
		Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov and his family were descended from the first Tsars and related to all the important noble families of Russia.
		Alexander Gorchakov was Minister of Foreign Affairs for Tsar Alexander II.
		Count Nikolai Alexandrovich Kushelev-Bezborodko was a worthy successor to one of his ancestors, the ‘irreplaceable’ secretary to Catherine the Great, Alexander Bezborodko.
	www.iatwm.com /200611/StPetersburg/index.html (464 words)

	Alexander Vorontsov - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Count Alexander Romanovich Vorontsov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Воронцо́в) (1741–1805) was the Russian imperial chancellor during the early years of Alexander I's reign.
		Catherine II created him a senator and president of the Board of Trade; but she never liked him, and ultimately (1791) compelled him to retire from public life.
		This was the period of the triumph of the Vorontsovs, who had always insisted on the necessity of a close union with Austria and Great Britain, in opposition to Panin and his followers, who had leaned on France or Prussia till the outbreak of the French Revolution made friendship with France impossible.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Aleksandr_Romanovich_Vorontsov (339 words)

	Leon Trotsky - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It was not until the summer of 1919 that the dissatisfied had an opportunity to mount a serious challenge to Trotsky's leadership of the Red Army.
		Trotsky's conception of Permanent Revolution is based on his understanding, drawing on the work of the founder of Russian Marxism Georgy Plekhanov, that in 'backward' countries the tasks of the Bourgeois Democratic Revolution could not be achieved by the bourgeoisie itself.
		This conception was first developed by Trotsky in collaboration with Alexander Parvus in late 1904 - 1905.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Leon_Trotsky (12917 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Catherine made Russia the dominant power in south-eastern Europe after her first Russo–Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire (1768–1774), which saw some of the greatest defeats in Turkish history, including the Battle of Chesma (5 July - 7 July 1770) and the Battle of Kagul (21 July 1770).
		Some of these men loved her in return: she had a reputation as a beauty by the standards of the day, and always showed generosity towards her lovers, even after the end of an affair.
		It seems highly probable that she intended to exclude Paul from the succession, and to leave the crown to her eldest grandson Alexander, afterwards the emperor Alexander I.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Catherine_the_Great (3658 words)

	Tsarskoe Selo :: The Park :: The Park
		All this, Kashkin carried out in accordance with Her Majesty's wishes, and Count Falkenstein, that is the Austrian Emperor Joseph II, was the victim of deception.
		Catherine the Great, Alexander I and Alexander II were all three especially fond of walking along the paths which run along it.
		Awaiting his arrival, baskets with food for the birds had been made ready and the Emperor was greeted with the birds' different voices.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /2006tsarskoe/park.html (2083 words)

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