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	Alexander Bustamante - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bustamante's party won 22 of 32 seats in the first House of Representatives elected by universal suffrage, making Bustamante the unofficial government leader (as Minister for Communications) until the position of Chief Minister was created in 1953.
		It was Bustamante's decision that the JLP would not contest a by-election to the federal parliament that resulted in his rival and cousin, Premier Norman Manley, calling the referendum in 1961 that led to Jamaica's withdrawal and the break-up of the Federation.
		In 1969, Bustamante was proclaimed a 'National Hero of Jamaica', along with Norman Manley, the fl liberationist Marcus Garvey and two leaders of the 1865 Morant Bay rebellion, Paul Bogle and George William Gordon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_Bustamante (483 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: People and Peoples (Alc-Ale) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Alexander I was King of Scotland from 1107 to 1124.
		Alexander II was King of Scotland from 1214 to 1249.
		Alexander III was King of Scotland from 1249 to 1286.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /C1A2.HTM (2473 words)

	Sir Alexander Bustamante
		Bustamante was quick to realize that the social and economic ills that such a system engendered had to be countered by mobilization of the working class.
		Bustamante first impressed his name on the society by a series of letters to Jamaica’s newspaper, the Gleaner and occasionally to British newspapers calling attention to the social and economic problems of the poor and underprivileged in Jamaica.
		Alexander Bustamante was an aggressive, outspoken young man who understood the dynamics of labor relations.
	www.jamaicaway.com /Heroes/BustamantePage.html (438 words)

	Rt. Excellent Sir Alexander Bustamante (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When Bustamante began to make his presence felt in Jamaica, the country was still a crown colony.
		Bustamante was quick to realise that the social and economic ills that such a system engendered had to be countered by mobilisation of the working class.
		Bustamante first impressed his name on the society by a series of letters to the Gleaner and occasionally to British newspapers calling attention to the social and economic problems of the poor and underprivileged in Jamaica.
	www.mfaft.gov.jm /Symbols/Heroes_Bustamante.htm (282 words)

	Sir Alexander Bustamante
		Bustamante was aware of the leadership vacancy and he was ready to fill it.
		Bustamante claimed that Britain the "Mother Country" was not aware of the state of affairs in Jamaica, because she was badly informed or mis-informed by Governor Denham.
		Bustamante and St William Grant were arrested and charged for causing disturbances in the country, which could lead to overthrow of the government.
	www.moec.gov.jm /heroes/alexander.htm (2829 words)

	Sir Alexander Bustamante
		Bustamante claimed that Britain, the "Mother Country", was not aware of the state of affairs in Jamaica, because he was badly informed or mis-informed by Governor Denham.
		Bustamante saw the need to organise the Labour Movement in a legal way, and he worked closely to this end with Norman Manley, Noel Nethersole and others who were about to lead a new political movement, the People's National Party (PNP).
		Initially Bustamante attacked the federation as a "federation of paupers" and so when he was elected leader of the Democratic Labour Party of the West Indies in the Federal Parliament, he did everything to protect the Jamaican interest.
	www.moec.gov.jm /heroes/bustamante.htm (2298 words)

	William Alexander (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling (c.1570-1640), British colonial organizer.
		William Alexander (deserter) Canadian WWI soldier executed for desertion.
		William Alexander of the House of Representatives of Arkansas, who is an Eagle Scout.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Alexander_(disambiguation) (205 words)

	Bustamante the Lonely Fighter: Loyalty, Justice, and Race in the Discourse of a Jamaican Labor Leader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bustamante's colorful language was frequently employed in self-description, since as I mentioned earlier he was "an assiduous creator of legends about himself." While plenty of people, especially from the political elite, doubted the veracity of many of these stories, the paucity of information about Bustamante's thirty-year absence from Jamaica worked in his favor.
		Bustamante was separated from the literate elite by several factors: his profession, his lack of education, and his isolation from ties to power.
		Bustamante's position would think of supporting labour." The next year Garvey made a similar statement, saying that Bustamante "is to be commended for his effort to lead a section of the strike in Kingston.
	www.duke.edu /web/las/Council/rogers.html (6912 words)

	Alexander Bustamante -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante (February 24, 1884 - August 6, 1977) was a conservative (A native or inhabitant of Jamaica) Jamaican politician and labor leader.
		He was born William Alexander Clarke to an (The Celtic language of Ireland) Irish planter and an African mother but took the name Bustamante from an Iberian sea captain who befriended him in his youth.
		Bustamante opposed the creation of the (Click link for more info and facts about Federation of the West Indies) Federation of the West Indies and agitated for Jamaica's status as an independent state.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/al/alexander_bustamante.htm (277 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Through The 20th Century With The Gleaner - The Lord Moyne Commission (Part 10) - Friday \| ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bustamante told Lord Moyne that it was his considered view that no Jamaican should be allowed to occupy positions of responsibility because these Jamaicans invariably acted like brutes to their fellowmen.
		Prodded for amplification Bustamante toned down his rhetoric to explain that the government would be laughed at by labour where Bustamante would wield authority.
		Bustamante went on to boast that "I maintain as good discipline as in the army or the navy" but that he sought co-operation from government and employers to see that no unreasonable demands were made by labour.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20010629/cleisure/cleisure4.html (652 words)

	Jamaica -- Government & Politics
		He was the father of a former prime minister, Michael Manley, and a cousin of another, Alexander Bustamante, Manley served as chief minister of Jamaica (1955-59) and prime minister (1959-62).
		Bustamante retired in 1967 and was succeeded by Hugh Lawson Shearer.
		Bustamante was never actually in jail, but was interned with Italian and German prisoners of war.
	www.it4biz.com /omnibus/Ja/jagp.htm (1129 words)

	The Suburbs Are Killing Us
		Led by a loud, charismatic speaker named Alexander Bustamante---who would later become the country's first prime minister---the call for labor rights hit its crescendo on May 23 in downtown Kingston, when a couple thousand Jamaicans, mostly dock workers or unemployed, crowded Victoria Park to protest economic conditions.
		Bustamante climbed on the giant statue of Queen Victoria and told the crowd in no uncertain terms that he would negotiate on their behalf and never back down.
		As he climbed off the Queen, Bustamante was confronted by a group of policemen who aimed their guns at him and the crowd.
	www.christopherporter.com /2005/02/jamaica-was-roiling-in-1938.html (290 words)

	ReggaeTrain.com...your portal to Reggae music...(Jamaican History - Norman Washington Manley)
		He was cousin to Alexander Bustamante, who lived for a time with them there.
		At the centre of this activity was his cousin, Alexander Bustamante.
		Bustamante went to lend his support, but was imprisoned because the government thought he was trying to get the people to rebel.
	www.reggaetrain.com /innajahistory_norman.asp (673 words)

	Mustard Seed Communities: Jamaica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Adult sufferage and a measure of self government was granted in 1944 and the two political parties and their affiliated trade unions were formed.
		Alexander Bustamante formed the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) and the Bustamante Industrial Trades Union (BITU) and his cousin Norman Manley formed the People's National Party (PNP) and the National Workers Union (NWU).
		Norman Washington Manley founded the People's National Party which later was tied to the Trade Union Congress and the N.W. Together with Bustamante, their efforts resulted in the New Constitution of 1944 granting full Adult Suffrage.
	www.mustardseed.com /locations/jamaica.html (2293 words)

	The Site of the World's Greatest
		The Government therefore passed from the P.N.P. to the J.L.P. and Sir Alexander Bustamante became Prime Minister.
		Sir Alexander Bustamante was appointed a member of the Privy Council of England in the Queen's New Year's Honours List.
		Excellent Sir Alexander Bustamante, Jamaica's only surviving National Hero, was unveiled by Lady Bustamante, during a ceremony at the southern end of the Victoria Park on 24 May.
	pages.stern.nyu.edu /~jhk299/dates.htm (1412 words)

	Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The founders of the modern Jamaican nation were Marcus Garvey, Alexander Bustamante and Norman Manley, all of whom were fl Jamaicans (Gleaner).
		Alexander Bustamante and A.G.S. Coombs formed the Jamaica Workers’ and Tradesmen Union in 1934.
		Bustamante began holding meetings protesting against low wages and working class poverty in urban Jamaica (Bennett 364).
	www.uvm.edu /~rmuir/Politics.html (1763 words)

	Lady Bustamante turns 93 - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Gladys Bustamante, referred to affectionately as 'Lady B', is the widow of Sir Alexander Bustamante, national hero and a founder of the JLP.
		Olivia 'Babsy' Grange, JLP spokeswoman on information and culture, said Lady Bustamante's lifelong dedication to the struggles led by Sir Alexander, as he fought for adult suffrage and independence, establishes her as a heroine and champion of the working class.
		Lady Bustamante worked alongside Sir Alexander during all the events leading up to the upheavals of 1938 and the formation of the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union, the largest labour union in Jamaica, as well as the formation of the JLP in 1943, to take over administration of the country in 1944, having swept the polls.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20050308T200000-0500_76551_OBS_LADY_BUSTAMANTE_TURNS___.asp (342 words)

	Earth Culture Roots. rasta online shop. Wholesale & Retail: Books, clothing, art, carving, jewelry, and info about ...
		After the Garvey era in Jamaica, Alexander Bustamante, Norman Washington Manley, Ken Hill, and other stalwars continued the struggle for changes in Jamaica's socio-politico and economico conditions.
		Bustamante, Ken Hill, and others were arrested and detained.
		Bustamante was tried and convicted for sedition and was incarcerated at the governor's leisure.
	www.earthcultureroots.com /freereport_03.html (916 words)

	TheTriumphofWillNationalHeroes
		The first heroes named were Sir Alexander Bustamante and Sir Norman Manley, the founders of the JLP and the PNP respectively, men who served as architects of independent Jamaica.
		Named concurrently were Paul Bogle, a preacher and farmer who led the 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion, George William Gordon, an ex-member of the House of Assembly, hung for his alleged role in the Morant Bay Rebellion, and Marcus Garvey, founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), a journalist and printer.
		Bustamante Highway and Port Bustamante are named after the Rt.
	www.angelfire.com /stars3/eaglefl/TheTriumphofWillNationalHeroes.htm (1186 words)

	CASBAH: Sir Alexander Bustamant, Prime Minister of Jamaica
		Bustamante first impressed his name on the society by a series of letters to Jamaica's newspaper, The Gleaner and occasionally to British newspapers calling attention to social and economic problems in Jamaica.
		CO 137/840/5 concerns the detention of Mr Alexander Bustamante under the Defence Regulations.
		CO 137/846/15 contains a Memorial from the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union on wages and general conditions in the sugar industry and a covering letter to the memorial signed by Mr Alexander Bustamante.
	www.casbah.ac.uk /cats/archive/138/PROA00047.htm (475 words)

	National Heroes
		During the troublesome days of 1938 the security forces were everywhere eyeball to eyeball with Bustamante and the workers.
		Sir Alexander became the first Prime Minister of Independent Jamaica in 1962.
		Manley and the PNP supported the trade union movement, then led by Alexander Bustamante, while leading the demand for Universal Adult Suffrage.
	www.jis.gov.jm /special_sections/Heroes/Heroes.htm (930 words)

	Fan The Flame by Leonard Tim Hector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On 28th May 1938, on Norman Manley’s evidence and affidavit, William Alexander Bustamante and St William Grant were both released on bail, and bound over to hold the peace.
		Thus was born the first of the populists in the English speaking Caribbean – Alexander Bustamante.
		Nevertheless it was Bustamante, who won elections, by appealing to the same mass, who in their mental lethargy and historical inertias believed that he would deliver them, no doubt by his charisma.
	www.candw.ag /~jardinea/ffhtm/ff020524.htm (2664 words)

	Alexander, Samuel -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Alexander the Great was able to conquer a large area in a remarkably short period of time.
		Part of Alexander the Great's legacy was the spread of Greek culture throughout his empire.
		After Alexander's death, there were endless disputes between his heirs that eventually led to the complete destruction of the family.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9005618?tocId=9005618 (777 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sir Alexander Bustamante (Haiti History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Sir Alexander Bustamante[bus´´tuman´tE] Pronunciation Key, 1884–1977, prime minister of Jamaica (1962–67).
		The son of an Irish father and a Jamaican mother, he was adopted and taken to Spain as a child.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Sir Alexander Bustamante
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BustamnAl.html (279 words)

	Fan The Flame by Leonard Tim Hector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Following on the heels of Bustamante, came Ken Hill, a former radical of the four H's in Manley's PNP, who was purged out of the PNP because of his radicalism, and who then found solace with Bustamante, as an opposition member of the Federal Parliament.
		Bustamante did not hear of Grantley Adams statement but he continued his assault on Dr. Williams, and Customs Union and therefore Manley and the PNP by indirection.
		Bustamante's next volley on September 26 went like this: "After I win the General Elections in 1959, there is going to be trouble, for I will fight Eric Williams and his Customs Union ambitions every inch of the way.
	www.candw.ag /~jardinea/ffhtm/ff970725.htm (2965 words)

	Fire destroys house at Bustamante's birthplace - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		The house at Blenheim, Hanover, which was built in the 1960s as a replica of the house in which National Hero Sir Alexander Bustamante was born.
		Just two weeks ago, a ceremony commemorating the 121st anniversary of Sir Alexander's birth was held on the premises, with JLP leader Bruce Golding as guest speaker.
		Sir Alexander Bustamante, Jamaica's first prime minister and founder of the Jamaica Labour Party and the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union, officially retired from active politics in 1967.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20050310T220000-0500_76666_OBS_FIRE_DESTROYS_HOUSE_AT_BUSTAMANTE_S_BIRTHPLACE.asp (311 words)

	A short history of Jamaica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After a long period of direct British colonial rule, Jamaica gains a degree of local political control in the late 1930s and holds its first election under full universal adult suffrage after recieving internal self-government in 1944.
		In 1953 JLP leader Alexander Bustamante becomes the first chief minister.
		Bustamante is succeeded in 1955 by Norman Washington Manley, leader of the PNP.
	www.electionworld.org /history/jamaica.htm (305 words)

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		Alexander Yakovlev, a Russian who worked in the UN contract office, pleaded guilty on Aug. 8 to...
		They simply paralyze the work,andquot; the head of the penal colony, Alexander Yestratov, said, according to the RIA Novosti news agency.
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