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Topic: Alexander Du Toit

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Alfred Wegener

March 14

	Forum des 100
		Surtout, le fondateur et président du géant horloger n’envisage pas, cette fois, de construire l’entier du véhicule.
		Il entraîne un changement du régime des précipitations, de limite d’altitude d’enneigement, de fonte du pergélisol et de recul des glaciers.
		Les conséquences annoncées du changement climatique pourraient ainsi être pires que prévues.
	www.forumdes100.com (5197 words)

	Alexander Du Toit - Wikipedia
		Du Toit bracht zijn jeugd door in Zuid-Afrika en studeerde tot 1899 mijnbouwkunde in Groot-Brittannië, aan het Royal College in Londen en aan het Royal Technical College te Glasgow, waar hij tot 1903 als docent bleef werken.
		Du Toit volgde Eduard Seuss in diens aanname dat Pangaea in een noordelijk deel (Laurazië) en een zuidelijk deel ("Gondwanaland") te verdelen viel.
		Du Toit dacht dat Gondwana gedurende het Paleozoïcum een stabiel continent was, terwijl Laurazië voor de tijd van Pangaea uit verschillende delen (schilden) bestond.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_Du_Toit (830 words)

	Bettie du Toit
		Bettie Du Toit was born on a farm in the former Transvaal Province.
		According to this Act Du Toit was prohibited from taking part in any trade union activities for the rest of her life.
		Du Toit finally left South Africa without a passport and went into exile in 1963.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/people/dutoit-b.htm (684 words)

	Tertiary Mammals and Continental Drift. A Rejoinder to George G. Simpson. by Alexander Du Toit
		The Cretaceo-Tertiary Land-bridges of du Toit are the logical outcome of the Earth's structural pattern whether Drift be admitted or not, and must therefore be viewed as essentially orogenic in character and generally linear, narrow, impersistent and imperfect, particularly during their later history.
		What he has really succeeded in proving is that du Toit's Tertiary Orogenic Linkages could not have persisted above the level of the widening oceans down to so late a period as assumed, or that they could not have been continuous enough to permit migration with the freedom hitherto supposed.
		Toit, A. du: 1927, A Geological Comparison of South America with South Africa.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/biogeog/DUTO1944.htm (5886 words)

	[No title]
		Du Toit noticed that glacial deposits in present day Africa formed at the same time when massive coal deposits formed in what are present day Northern Hemisphere localities (coal is generally found in areas where ancient forests once thrived, generally tropical forests).
		To explain this distribution, du Toit argued that the areas of glacial deposits in Africa could have been located near the south pole, and at the same time the areas containing the coal deposits could have been located in tropical latitudes, and that they subsequently moved to their present day locations.
		Though compelling, du Toit's evidence still wasn't quite enough to sway the tide of scientific thought.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /earth/geol001/hw4intro.html (934 words)

	Belmont Club
		Alexander married Roxana (Roshanak), the daughter of the most powerful of the Bactrian chiefs (Oxyartes, who revolted in present-day Tadzhikistan), and in 324 commanded his officers and 10,000 of his soldiers to marry Iranian women.
		Hollywood may have calculated that none of this was important; that the sole point of interest of a population weaned on the tabloids was the earth-shaking question of whether or not Alexander was gay.
		From her discussion it is possible to say that Alexander might have been gay in the sense that convicts in a penitentiary are gay -- an exercise in power by one man over another -- and if that analogy is inexact so is any other.
	belmontclub.blogspot.com /2004/11/alexander-and-darius-victor-davis.html (1178 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Examples of these are: Blignaut, Hugo, Joubert, du Toit, Fourie, Fouche, de Klerk(de Clerqc), Marais, de Villiers, Viljoen, Theron, du Plessis, Malan, Malherbe, le Roux and Labuschagne amongst others, which are all common surnames in present day South Africa.
		Chretien du Bois was one of the original Huguenot settlers in this area.
		Huguenot refugees in Prussia are thought to have contributed significantly to the development of the textile industry in that state.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Huguenot (3994 words)

	An Introduction to Plate Tectonics
		He found it difficult to believe that he was on another continent as not only did he find the same plant and animal fossils he knew at home, but he found them in the same complex sequence, embedded layer by layer in the rock.
		Du Toit was confident he had found conclusive proof that the continents were once joined.
		Instead of a simple supercontinent, Du Toit reconstructed the continents at the South Pole and grouped the northern continents near the Equator.
	www.hartrao.ac.za /geodesy/tectonics.html (2104 words)

	Untitled Document
		About 1800 the German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, because of the apparent fit of the bulge of eastern South America into the bight of Africa, theorized that the lands bordering the Atlantic Ocean had once been joined.
		After Wegener's death, Du Toit continued to amass further evidence in support of continental drift.
		Alexander L. Du Toit, 40 a South African geologist, modified Wegener's hypothesis by suggesting two primordial continents: Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south.
	www.jpdawson.com /pelgnet/pelchap2/chap2.html (5001 words)

	Alex du Toit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexander Logie du Toit (1878-1948) was a geologist from South Africa, and an early supporter of Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift.
		Working from his own extensive knowledge of the geology of southern Africa, du Toit was struck by similarities to that of eastern South America, and in 1927 published a review of the stratigraphic and radio-isotope evidence from these regions that supported Wegener's ideas.
		Since 1949, the year after du Toit's death, the Geological Society of South Africa has held a biennial lecture series in his honour.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alex_du_Toit (198 words)

	[No title]
		Alexander Du Toit continued Wegener’s work on the theory of continental drift.
		Du Toit compared the monkeys, iguanas, earthworms, and boas of South America to the exiting fauna of Madagascar.
		References Du Toit, Alexander, 1944, Tertiary Mammals and Continental Drift.
	www2.gsu.edu /~geowce/file/geosyncline8000.doc (473 words)

	Wegener vs everybody else
		du Toit had observed a striking similarity between the early geology of Africa and South America and after gathering some other evidence, he became not only an enthusiastic supporter of continental drift but a strong advocate as well.
		In fact, a sort of polarization occurred; through du Toit's efforts it remained quite respectable in the Southern Hemisphere to profess oneself a supporter of continental drift whereas in the Northern Hemisphere one would have been exposed to ridicule.
		In 1937 du Toit refined Wegener's hypothesis by suggesting that there were two primordial continents; Laurasia to the north and Gondwanaland to the south, see figure 9, that split further, see figure 10 and figure 11.
	courses.science.fau.edu /~rjordan/phy1931/WEGENER/wegener.htm (5771 words)

	Untitled Document
		About 1800 the German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, because of the apparent fit of the bulge of eastern South America into the bight of Africa, theorized that the lands bordering the Atlantic Ocean had once been joined.
		After Wegener's death, Du Toit continued to amass further evidence in support of continental drift.
		Alexander L. Du Toit, 40 a South African geologist, modified Wegener's hypothesis by suggesting two primordial continents: Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south.
	jpdawson.com /pelgnet/pelchap2/chap2.html (5001 words)

	Du Toit, Alexander Logie
		South African geologist whose work was to form one of the foundations for the synthesis of continental drift theory and plate tectonics that created the geological revolution of the 1960s.
		Du Toit was born near Cape Town and studied there, then went to the UK and studied at Glasgow and the Royal College of Science, London.
		The theory of continental drift put forward by German geophysicist Alfred Wegener inspired Du Toit's book A Geological Comparison of South America and South Africa 1927, in which he suggesting that they had probably once been joined.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/biographies/MainBiographies/D/DuToit/1.html (136 words)

	Chrono-Biographical Sketch: Alexander Du Toit
		Alexander Du Toit is remembered not only as the main baton-carrier of Wegenerian continental drift theory in the early 1900s, but as the most important geologist in the history of South Africa.
		A field geologist with observational and synthetic powers of the highest rank, early in the twentieth century he embarked upon a twenty year study of the geology of South Africa which produced a series of important books and articles over the later portion of that period.
		Du Toit had some success in convincing Old World geologists of the possibility of continental drifting but rather less with American observers; it was not until the plate tectonics revolution of the 1960s that the quality of his vision was first fully universally acknowledged.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/chronob/DUTO1878.htm (371 words)

	Dictionary of Fantastic Places
		Its existence was proposed by Alexander Du Toit, a South African geologist, in Our Wandering Continents (1937), a reformulation of the continental drift theory advanced by the German meteorologist Alfred Wegener.
		Whereas Wegener had posulated a single supercontinent, Pangaea, Du Toit theorized that here were two such great landmasses: Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south, separated by an oceanic area called Tethys.
		The only official response to the letter was that Pole Alexander III sent out a Papal emissary in 1177 with a letter for Prester John, carried by his physician, Magister Philippos, but nothing was ever heard of what became of him.
	www.geocities.com /pastorkeith/fantastic.html (14431 words)

	classiquenews.com: tous les programmes radio, télé, concerts en un click
		Avec lÂ´ensemble Zellig, il a ainsi crÃ©Ã© le cycle Â«Outre-MÃ©moireÂ» du compositeur franÃ§ais Thierry PÃ©cou dans le cadre dÂ´une exposition concert sur la traite nÃ©griÃ¨re du plasticien Jean-FranÃ§ois BoclÃ©.
		Son rÃ©cital, Â« Hommage Ã Rameau Â», faisantalterner les mouvements de la suite en la du compositeur baroque avec les hommages de compositeurs vivants (Mantovani, Connesson, PÃ©cou, Campo, Maratka, Escaich), a fait le tour de lÂ´Europe depuis sa crÃ©ation au festival Octobre en Normandie en octobre 2001.
		Par lÂ´Orchestre du Gewandhaus de Leipzig dirigÃ© par BalÃ¡zs KocsÃ¡r et les choeurs de lÂ´OpÃ©ra de Leipzig.
	www.classiquenews.com /leclub/programmes_radio_tele_concerts_du_jour.aspx (1438 words)

	Tectonic Forces: Simplified version
		Du Toit also coined the terms Gondwanaland, Laurasia, Tethys Sea, and the acronym SAMFRAU syncline to describe a continuous fold line through South America, South Africa and Australia.
		Despite the overwhelming evidence, this work was not fully accepted, as du Toit, like Wegener before him did not offer a mechanism to explain how the continents were caused to wander.
		Despite the scepticism, other evidence being collected by various field geologists, particularly with regard to the orientation of the magnetic lines in iron rich magmas showed that these anomalies could only really be accounted for if Pangea existed.
	www.tectonic-forces.org /simplified.htm (1845 words)

	Continental drift - EvoWiki
		The modern concept of continental drift was first proposed by German meteorologist Alfred Wegener; he pointed out the biogeographical details that Suess had pointed out, and he pointed out that Permian glaciers in the southern continents had flowed from oceans -- unless those continents had been united to form Gondwana back then.
		However, Wegener had failed to think of a convincing mechanism for it to happen, and his followers, like Alexander du Toit, were no more successful.
		As a result, mainstream geologists dismissed continental drift because they found it difficult to picture how continents could plow through ocean floor.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Plate_tectonics (870 words)

	National Geographic / Notre histoire
		Cette initiative, tout à fait originale, provoque la démission de deux éminents géographes du comité directoire qui lui reprochent de " transformer la revue en livre d'images ".
		La National Geographic Society contribue, tant par l'argent que par l'enthousiasme, à l'expédition du capitaine de corvette Richard E. Byrd qui, à bord de son trimoteur Ford, est le premier à survoler le pôle Sud.
		Parfaitement conservées, elles ouvrent un nouveau chapitre de l'archéologie et l'histoire du transport maritime phénicien.
	www.nationalgeographic.fr /notre_histoire (2591 words)

	Zenzi.org - Photos du monde
		Allemagne / 2007-02-02 / berlin066 / Escalier du Tacheles, Berlin
		Allemagne / 2005-12-31 / noel12 / L'orgue du Berliner Dom
		Chine / 2003-11-05 / chine430 / Toits chinois
	www.zenzi.org /liste.php (10372 words)

	Alfred Wegener Summary
		In the only major variant on the theory, South African geologist Alex du Toit, a vigorous defender of continental drift, proposed in 1937 that instead of Pangaea there were two super-continents, Laurasia in the northern hemisphere and Gondwanaland in the south.
		Many geologists focused on a lack of a demonstrable mechanism and rejected and ridiculed Wegener for his ideas, noting that he could not explain how continents were able to move.
		The theory received support through the controversial years from South African geologist Alexander Du Toit as well as from Arthur Holmes.
	www.bookrags.com /Alfred_Wegener (4157 words)

	New Page 1
		This would have been when the Antarctic Continent was parted from the continents to the present north.
		It was Alexander du Toit that identified the morphological evidence created in the lead-up to the separation, a seaway in a syncline extending from South America, through South Africa and Australia.
		New Zealand, then adjacent to, or possibly a part o,f the southeast coast of Australia, was apparently the repository of much of the ooze and fine silts eroded from the seaway that flowed through the trench if, indeed, there had been a flow The alternative is that it was a long fresh water lake.
	www.angelfire.com /my/neogeomorphology/forces2.html (1035 words)

	Class Notes of Ronald Stoessell for Earth and Environment Through Time, i.e., Historical Geology
		The South African geologist Alexander du Toit became the main supporter of Wegener and showed that striations from Permian glaciers indicated the impossible movement from oceans onto present landmasses.
		Du Toit supported continental drift with the present-day common occurrences of earthworm genera, the common presence of the Early Permian fresh-water fossils of Mesosaurus genera, and the Early Triassic mammal-like herbivore reptiles Lystrosaurus genera, and the common Gondwana sequence which includes Permian tillites, Triassic dune deposits, and Jurassic lava flows.
		Du Toit also pointed out that a reconstruction of Gondwanaland allowed the mountain ranges along their margins to form a continuous chain between the continents.
	www.ronstoessell.org /historical_geology.htm (17434 words)

	Robertson Bibliography (Smitten)
		Alexander Carlyle, Anecdotes and Characters of the Times, ed.
		Alexander Bower, The History of the University of Edinburgh, 3 vols.
		Alexander Du Toit, "'A Species of False Religion': William Robertson, Catholic Relief, and the Myth of Moderate Tolerance," Innes Review 52 (2001): 167-88.
	newark.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/C18/biblio/robertson.html (2231 words)

	Fortnightly Club of Redlands
		Wegener, apparently overwhelmed by the severity of this attack, chose to withdraw from the issue, suggesting in his last publication in 1929, that all disciplines needed to work together to truly understand the complexity of these issues.
		The only other support for the theory prior to World War II came in 1937 from a South African geologist, Alexander du Toit.
		He based his support primarily on the amazingly similar geology and paleontology on both sides of the frantic, offering considerably more well documented data on which to base his position.
	www.redlandsfortnightly.org /papers/techton.htm (5433 words)

	TIME.com: Penrose's Party -- Aug. 7, 1933 -- Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This dramatic cataclysm was prosaically described last week in an effort to show that it was true.
		Its describer was Dr. Alexander Du Toit of Johannesburg who, defending the widely held ''displacement hypothesis," brought into court recent studies of fossils, glacial records and sedi mentary rocks of southern lands now separated by water.
		So much alike are these records at corresponding stages, urged Dr. Du Toit, that they must have been deposited in one undivided land.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,745859-2,00.html (701 words)

	Geography Site: Alfred Wegener (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On the second or third of November he got separated from his party during a storm and died of exposure and cold.
		His theory remained alive thanks to the support of a few geologists including Alexander Du Toit and the famous Arthur Holmes.
		It wasn't until the 1960 that conclusive evidence of continental drift was found, partly due to sea floor exploration by submarines that discovered subduction trenches along the coastline where plates were being pulled under the continental crust.
	www.geography-site.co.uk /pages/physical/earth/wegener.html (868 words)

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