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	Alexander Gordon Laing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexander Gordon Laing (December 27, 1793–September 26, 1826) was a Scottish explorer and the first European to reach Timbuktu.
		Later in the same year Laing visited Falaba, the capital of the Solimana country, and ascertained the source of the Rokell.
		Ghadames was reached, by an indirect route, in October 1825, and in December Laing was in the Tuat territory, where he was well received by the Tuareg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_Gordon_Laing (600 words)

	David Laing - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		DAVID LAING (1793-1878), Scottish antiquary, the son of William Laing, a bookseller in Edinburgh, was born in that city on the 20th of April 1793.
		Apart from an extraordinary general bibliographical knowledge, Laing was best known as a lifelong student of the literary and artistic history of Scotland.
		Laing was for more than fifty years a member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and he contributed upwards of a hundred separate papers to their Proceedings.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /David_Laing (268 words)

	Alexander Gordon Laing - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		ALEXANDER GORDON LAING (1793-1826), Scottish explorer, the first European to reach Timbuktu, was born at Edinburgh on the 27th of December 1793.
		Later in the same year Laing visited Falaba, the capital of the Sulima country, and ascertained the source of the Rokell.
		Laing left England in February 1825, and at Tripoli on the 14th of July following he married Emma Warrington, daughter of the British consul.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Alexander_Gordon_Laing (544 words)

	The History of Laing
		Laing is one of a number of names derived from de le Ange or l'Ange which dates back to the time of the Norman conquest.
		Malcolm Laing was a lawyer and historian from Orkney.
		The Reverend Cosmo Gordon Lang of Scottish ancestry, was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1928 to 1942.
	www.nconnect.net /~rjlmel/history_of_laing.htm (621 words)

	Significant Scots - Alexander Gordon Laing
		His father, William Laing, A.M., was the first who opened an academy for classical education in the new town of the Scottish capital; where he laboured for thirty-two years, and was one of the most popular teachers of his day.
		Under the tuition of his father, young Laing received the elementary education that was necessary to prepare him for the university, and he was enrolled in the Humanity class at the early age of thirteen years.
		On another occasion captain Laing made two gallant and successful attacks on a larger division of the enemy; and entering into the territories of the king of Ajumacon, who was suspected to be friendly to the Ashantees, he compelled that prince to place his troops under the British command.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/other/laing_alexander.htm (4098 words)

	Jonathan Yardley
		Alexander Gordon Laing was in his early thirties when he set out for Timbuktu.
		The challenge faced by Laing, for example, was daunting: "To reach Timbuktu, the golden city of the Sudan, he would have to cross two thousand miles of the harshest desert in Africa, territories where [Tripoli's] jurisdiction did not extend.
		Laing did find consolation in the rich collection of Arabic manuscripts at the Sankore Mosque and "stayed in Timbuktu for thirty-five days, gathering research, studying Arab manuscripts, copying city records, and talking to scholars." Whatever pleasure that afforded him did not last long.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/02/AR2006030201486_pf.html (810 words)

	Ackman - WSJ - Timbuktu
		Though Laing did reach the remote Timbuktu (on the southern edge of the Sahara in the modern-day West African nation of Mali), it was hardly the lost city of gold that he envisioned when he took up a challenge from the British Colonial Office to mount the first successful expedition there.
		Laing was mightily upset when his father-in-law sanctioned an exploration by Clapperton to compete with his own.
		Laing was of the opinion that the lost city was his to find.
	dackman.homestead.com /TimbuktuWSJRev.htm (958 words)

	Fortnightly Club of Redlands
		Laing knew of this and was also aware that Clapperton was on the march again, attempting to reach Timbuktu from the south.
		Laing was told that he must leave at once and he sent one final message to Warrington on September 26, stating that he was heading southwest toward Segou but saying almost nothing about Timbuktu, preferring to bring his observations with him in his journal.
		As Laing was struggling south across the Sahara to Timbuktu and his death, Clapperton and his assistant and manservant John Lander were ascending the Niger north from the Gulf of Guinea.
	www.redlandsfortnightly.org /papers/mungo.htm (8124 words)

	Alexander Gordon Laing
		Scottish explorer, the first European to reach Timbuktu, was born at Edinburgh on 27 December 1793.
		Laing left England in February 1825, and at Tripoli on 14 July he married Emma Warrington, daughter of the British consul.
		Another letter dated from Timbuktu on 21 September announced that his arrival in that city had been the preceding 18 August, and warned of the insecurity of his position owing to the hostility of the Fula chieftain Bello, then ruling the city.
	www.nndb.com /people/417/000114075 (513 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Scotland: Great Scots of Note
		Explorer of western Africa, in 1826 Alexander Laing became the first known European to reach Timbuktu.
		Prior to that discovery, Laing had been sent, as a member of the British Army, to help develop trade and try to prevent slave trading among the Mandingo tribesmen in Sierra Leone.
		Alexander Leslie, yet another Scottish military leader who found it necessary to do most of his fighting abroad, served in the forces of Sweden in the Thirty Years War (1618-48), becoming a Field Marshal under Gustavus II Adolphus.
	www.britannia.com /celtic/scotland/greatscots/l1.html (3585 words)

	Bloomberg.com: Culture
		Laing was obsessed with being the first European to reach Timbuktu since the Middle Ages.
		Laing left Tripoli in July 1825 and zigzagged south, trying to avoid bandits and navigate natural obstacles while moving through, on one stretch, ``40,000 square miles whose surface was covered with sharp flints reflecting a blinding, merciless sun,'' Kryza writes.
		Laing didn't have long to ponder how the book he planned to write back in England would manage to reconcile the glory of his achievement with the reality of Timbuktu.
	www.bloomberg.com /apps/news?pid=10000088&sid=ag42mZebrb9M&refer=culture (835 words)

	Unimaps.com - West Africa Explored
		As ludicrous as this accusation was, it put a grave tone to the rest of the journey, Laing being blamed from time to time of putting the others in danger.
		A charitable sheik sheltered Laing while he recovered from his appalling wounds, and generously provided a strong escort for the rest of the journey to Timbuctou.
		So died Alexander Gordon Laing aged 33, a man of great courage, deprived of the fame that would of been his had he survived to write his story.
	unimaps.com /wafrica-explored (2683 words)

	Across the Sahara, against all odds / Kryza offers account of rival British explorers' quest for Timbuktu in 1820s
		In 1825, when British Army Maj. Alexander Gordon Laing set off on camel from Tripoli in an attempt to become the first European to cross the Sahara Desert and reach the fabled city of Timbuktu, he was far more optimistic than he had any right to be.
		And yet Laing was convinced he'd be back in Tripoli in a matter of weeks, months at most.
		Laing and Clapperton were aware of each other and were competing desperately to be first to Timbuktu.
	sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/01/01/RVGQVGC1KI1.DTL&type=books (884 words)

	MyClan.com : Armigerous Clan Laing Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Malcolm Laing, a lawyer and historian from Orkney, was admitted to the Scottish Bar in 1785.
		Major Alexander Laing was a renowned eighteenth-century African explorer, most famous for penetrating to the fabled town of Timbuctoo in 1826.
		The Most Reverend Cosmo Gordon Lang, descended from a Scottish family, was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1928 to 1942, and officiated at the coronation of George VI.
	www.myclan.com /clans/Laing_239/default.php (299 words)

	Palin's Travels: Timbuktu, Mali, Sahara, Day 52
		On the other hand, Alexander Laing, the Scot who beat him to it by two years, wrote that 'in every respect except in size...it has completely met my expectations'.
		Laing's achievement in reaching Timbuktu at all becomes the more admirable, or insanely foolhardy, when you consider that in the 250 years following the Moroccan invasion, forty-three Europeans set out to reach the city and only four succeeded, of which he was the first.
		During his five-week stay in the city, though, Laing was well looked after by the trading community and the house in which he stayed still stands.
	www.palinstravels.co.uk /book-2130 (326 words)

	Corley's_Gordon
		The name Gordon comes from the parish of Gordon in Berwickshire and Sir Adam of Gordon was granted Strathbogie, confiscated from the Earl of Atholl, in Aberdeenshire by Robert the Bruce in return for service to Bruce's cause, including being one of the ambassador's to Rome who fought to have the Bruce's excommunication removed.
		In 1436 Alexander Gordon was named Lord Gordon and his son was given the title of Earl of Huntly.
		The fourth Duke of Gordon raised, at his own expense, his own regiment known as the Gordon Highlanders for whom the yellow stripe was introduced into the Black watch tartan.
	members.tripod.com /Corley/Gordon.html (1030 words)

	LAING, DAVID (1793–1878) - Online Information article about LAING, DAVID (1793–1878)
		death of the latter in 1837, Laing was elected to the librarianship of the Signet Library, which See also:
		bibliographical knowledge, Laing was best known as a lifelong student of the See also:
		Laing was for more than fifty years a member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and he contributed upwards of a See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /KRO_LAP/LAING_DAVID_17931878_.html (404 words)

	Laing Books - Signed, used, new, out-of-print
		Laing, M.D. Dr. Laing's first purpose is to make madness and the process of going mad comprehensible.
		In this, with case studies of schizophrenic patients, he succeeds brilliantly, but he does more: through a vision of sanity and madness as 'degrees of conjunction and disjunction between two persons where the one is sane by common consent' he offers a rich...
		Laing, M.D. This collection of poetry from the work of psychiatrist R. Laing reflects the complexities of the inner consciousness.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Laing (537 words)

	The Laing Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Alexander Fullerton Laing was born on 13th August 1898 in Jarrow, Durham, with the surname Fullerton, the son of James Fullerton and Elizabeth Fullerton née Robinson (b 1868/69).
		Before the 2002 reunion, Margaret Laing, wife of Alex (Derry), drew out the family tree of the six Laing brothers and their parents and their descendants.
		From the certificates and the census information it was possible to derive the family tree of the siblings and parents of Alexander Laing (1898-1935) and Jen Dunn.
	www.members.aol.com /laing1family (1046 words)

	LAING, MALCOLM (1762-1... - Online Information article about LAING, MALCOLM (1762-1...
		In another dissertation, prefixed to a second and corrected edition of the History published in 1804, Laing endeavoured to prove that See also:
		James VI., and in 1805 brought out in two volumes an edition of Ossian's poems.
		Laing, who was a friend of See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /KRO_LAP/LAING_MALCOLM_1762_1818_.html (431 words)

	The Laing Family Guest Book
		My grandfather was David Burnett Laing who was a doctor spending his later years in Sheffield Yorkshire and my father was Ian Burnett Laing, a chemist who lived in Sheffield then moved to the Highlands of Scotland.
		Nowadays we are twenty-five Laing members of the same family, also it is nice to know that our real past was born in Europe.
		I am the daughter of Donald Alexander Laing, born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1944, who was the son of Donald Grant Laing, born in Granton-on-Spey, Scotland in 1908, and Doris Stark.
	members.aol.com /laing1family/guest.html (3556 words)

	Borders - Store Inventory - Title Detail - Race for Timbuktu: In Search of Africa's City of Gold
		This is the true story of Alexander Gordon Laing and the race to discover the city at a time when the continent was still largely unchartered.
		One of the contenders was Major Alexander Gordon Laing, a thirty-year-old army officer.
		Drawing on Laing's dynamic correspondence, including passionate letters to his beloved Emma and gossip-laden official reports, The Race for Timbuktu follows Laing's arduous trek across an unforgiving Sahara, battling unpredictable elements, crippling illness, vicious attacks -- and the clock -- to be the first white man in centuries to reach the gates of Timbuktu.
	www.bordersstores.com /search/title_detail.jsp?id=55182675&srchTerms=0060560649&mediaType=-1&srchType=ISBN (420 words)

	Palin's Travels: Timbuktu, Mali, Sahara, Day 51
		Not surprisingly, Park didn't stop to look around, and it was another twenty years before a fellow Scot, Alexander Gordon Laing, approaching from the desert to the north, became the first European to reach Timbuktu for nearly 300 years.
		There is an airstrip from which tourists are flown in and out, but it remains a city at the end of the road, centre of an administrative region but not much else.
		Yet its appeal remains almost as potent as it was for Laing and those who risked their lives to follow him.
	www.palinstravels.co.uk /book-1951 (300 words)

	Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Volume I comprises a new edition of Friedrich Hornemann's travels and the Letters of Alexander Gordon Laing; volumes 2-4 form a reprint of Hugh Denham's and Captain Clapperton's Narrative To North and Central Africa but with much new material by the travellers not included in the original edition and other documents relating to the expedition.
		Laing (1793-1826) spent his early career in Barbados as clerk to his maternal uncle Colonel Gabriel Gordon.
		In 1825, Laing was instructed to undertake a journey, via Tripoli and Timbuktu, to further elucidate the hydrography of the Niger basin.
	www.sotherans.co.uk /Catalogues/Occasional/AfricaEgyptIslands.html (13290 words)

	CONTEXT: Giles Gordon Reading Ann Quin's Berg
		Edith refers to having provided Aly with an education, and whether the point of view is his, an omniscient narrator's or the author's--and it changes constantly, kaleidoscopically--it deliberately fails to pin down an objective reality.
		Put crudely, Laing argued that those who think themselves sane are mad, and those society deems to be mad are sane.
		Although Ann Quin was educated at a convent, her characters, with the exception of Edith, do not have a religious belief, nor is there much "morality" about.
	www.centerforbookculture.org /context/no8/gordon.html (1757 words)

	August's Scottish Anniversaries
		Donald Alexander Smith - later Lord Strathcona - born in Forres.
		Explorer Alexander Gordon Laing became the first Christian to reach Timbuctu, Africa.
		Birth of Sir Alexander Campbell MacKenzie, musician and composer.
	www.rampantscotland.com /timeline/august.htm (1192 words)

	James Laing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		She was born 9 August 1818 in Tiree, Island of Coll, Scotland., and died 10 March 1891 in Towamba NSW.
		She married JAMES LESLIE BROWNLIE 1909 in Bombala NSW., son of ALEXANDER BROWNLIE and ELSIE LESLIE.
		Children of ADA LAING and JOSEPH ORR are:
	www.cooma.nsw.gov.au /monaropioneers/laing-j.htm (330 words)

	[No title]
		In the 1820s, an intense rivalry developed between the French and British over the West African interior, symbolized by the substantial cash prize of 2000 francs offered in 1824 by the French Geographical Society for the first expedition to return from Timbuktu.
		Perhaps the saddest episode of the subsequent international race was the story of Major Gordon Laing.
		Shown here is Laing's first book, recording his earlier explorations inland from Freetown in 1822 into the Mandingo interior, the manuscript of which he had, when setting out for Timbuktu, left behind in London to be prepared for publication by a friend.
	jvdploe.speed.planet.nl /~jvdploe/Mali/Tombouctou.html (249 words)

	Timbuktu
		Although Timbuktu had been a thriving Saharan trade centre for centuries, it was not until the early part of the nineteenth century that it was first reached by Europeans.
		The first was Alexander Gordon Laing, who was killed for refusing to be converted to Islam.
		The first to return to Europe was the Frenchman René Caillé who travelled there across the desert disguised as an Arab with a story about having acquired French mannerisms in France to explain any lapse into European behaviour.
	www.prestburycheshire.com /timbuktu.htm (767 words)

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